Albuminuria as a Vital Sign: Why Urine ACR Is Becoming Central to Kidney-Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Review Abstract Albuminuria, most commonly assessed using the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), has emerged as one of the most valuable biomarkers in contemporary nephrology and cardiovascular medicine. Despite its proven clinical
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Early Detection: The Emerging Role of AI-Assisted Diagnostic Aids
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Early Detection: The Emerging Role of AI-Assisted Diagnostic Aids Review Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent differences in social communication and social interaction, accompanied by restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. The condition
Frailty-Adjusted Anesthesia: Should Physiologic Age Replace Chronologic Age?
Frailty-Adjusted Anesthesia: Should Physiologic Age Replace Chronologic Age? Review Abstract Chronologic age has traditionally served as a cornerstone of perioperative risk assessment and clinical decision making. While advancing age is associated with an increased likelihood of postoperative complications, it is increasingly recognized that age alone provides an
Indocyanine Green for Perfusion: When It Helps, and When It Can Mislead
Indocyanine Green for Perfusion: When It Helps, and When It Can Mislead Review Abstract Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography has emerged as an important intraoperative imaging modality for assessing tissue perfusion and supporting surgical decision making. By providing real time visualization of blood flow, ICG fluorescence
Insulin Resistance in Non-Obese Patients: The “Metabolically Obese Normal Weight” Paradox
Insulin Resistance in Non-Obese Patients: The "Metabolically Obese Normal Weight” Paradox Review Abstract Normal body mass index (BMI) has long been used as a convenient and widely accepted screening tool for assessing overweight, obesity, and cardiometabolic risk. Although BMI remains valuable for population level surveillance and initial clinical
Modern Contraceptive Counseling: Integrating Long-Acting Reversible Contraception and Same-Day Starts
Modern Contraceptive Counseling Integrating Long-Acting Reversible Contraception and Same-Day Starts Review Abstract Modern contraceptive counseling has evolved from a provider directed approach to one that emphasizes shared decision making, reproductive autonomy, and equitable access to care. The primary objective is to ensure that individuals can
Reducing Low-Value Testing in Family Medicine: High-Yield Diagnostic Stewardship for Common Outpatient Complaints
Reducing Low-Value Testing in Family Medicine: High-Yield Diagnostic Stewardship for Common Outpatient Complaints Review Abstract Low-value diagnostic testing is common in family medicine. These tests can expose patients to false-positive results, incidental findings, and unnecessary treatments. They may also involve radiation, lead to higher costs,
Posterior Cortical Atrophy, Primary Progressive Aphasia, and the Non-Amnestic Alzheimer’s Patient
Posterior Cortical Atrophy, Primary Progressive Aphasia, and the Non-Amnestic Alzheimer's Patient Review Abstract Alzheimer's disease is often marked by progressive episodic memory loss, but not all patients start with an amnestic syndrome. Some patients may initially present with issues in visual-spatial skills, language, executive function,
The Low-Wait Emergency Department: AI-Supported Patient Flow and Smart Bed Management
The Low-Wait Emergency Department: AI-Supported Patient Flow and Smart Bed Management Review Abstract Emergency department crowding is a persistent safety, access, and operations problem. It is rarely caused by a single failure inside the emergency department. It often shows how arrival volume, patient acuity, staffing,
The Changing Geography of Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States
The Changing Geography of Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States: State-Level Burden, Emerging Threats, and the Limits of Single-Exposure Risk Prediction Emerging Risks Abstract Purpose: This paper reviews recent U.S. trends in sexually transmitted infections (STIs), commonly called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) when clinical disease
