Thrombolysis in Intermediate-Risk Pulmonary Embolism Who Should Receive Early Reperfusion Review Abstract Background Intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism sits in a genuinely difficult therapeutic space. On one side, you have uncomplicated pulmonary embolism managed primarily with anticoagulation. On the other side, pulmonary embolism complicated by cardiopulmonary failure that demands urgent
Cardiology
Device-Detected Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation in the Wearable Era: When Is Anticoagulation Justified?
Device-Detected Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation in the Wearable Era: When Is Anticoagulation Justified? Review Abstract Background Consumer wearables, ambulatory electrocardiographic monitors, pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, and implantable cardiac monitors are increasingly identifying brief and asymptomatic atrial arrhythmias. However, a photoplethysmography-based irregular-rhythm notification is not equivalent to a diagnosis
Resistant Hypertension Gets Personal: Aldosterone, Renin, and the Renewed Secondary Workup
Resistant Hypertension Gets Personal: Aldosterone, Renin, and the Renewed Secondary Workup Review Abstract Purpose: Resistant hypertension remains a significant clinical challenge and is associated with a markedly increased risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease progression, stroke, heart failure, and premature mortality. Despite the availability of multiple
HFpEF: From Therapeutic Desert to Crowded Treatment Space
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Transitioning from Limited Therapeutic Options to an Expanding Treatment Landscape Review Abstract Purpose Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains one of the most heterogeneous and diagnostically challenging syndromes in cardiovascular medicine. This review examines the evolving management
Albuminuria as a Vital Sign: Why Urine ACR Is Becoming Central to Kidney-Cardiovascular Risk Assessment
Albuminuria as a Vital Sign: Why Urine ACR Is Becoming Central to Kidney-Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Review Abstract Albuminuria, most commonly assessed using the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), has emerged as one of the most valuable biomarkers in contemporary nephrology and cardiovascular medicine. Despite its proven clinical
Insulin Resistance in Non-Obese Patients: The “Metabolically Obese Normal Weight” Paradox
Insulin Resistance in Non-Obese Patients: The "Metabolically Obese Normal Weight” Paradox Review Abstract Normal body mass index (BMI) has long been used as a convenient and widely accepted screening tool for assessing overweight, obesity, and cardiometabolic risk. Although BMI remains valuable for population level surveillance and initial clinical
Inflammation as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor: Are We Ready for Anti-Inflammatory Therapy?
Inflammation as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor Are We Ready for Anti-Inflammatory Therapy Review Abstract Inflammation is now firmly established as a central component of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and a key contributor to residual cardiovascular risk. While traditional risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and
REBOA in Non-Trauma Cardiac Arrest: Heroic Rescue or Futile Effort?
REBOA in Non-Trauma Cardiac Arrest Heroic Rescue or Futile Effort Review Abstract Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) has emerged as a novel endovascular intervention with potential applications beyond its established role in traumatic hemorrhagic shock. In recent years, interest has grown in
Primary Aldosteronism: One of the Most Missed Diagnoses in Internal Medicine?
Primary Aldosteronism: One of the Most Missed Diagnoses in Internal Medicine? Review Abstract Primary aldosteronism is one of the most common, treatable, and underdiagnosed causes of hypertension. Once viewed as a rare disorder defined by severe hypertension and hypokalemia, it is now recognized as a
Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring in 2026: Still Powerful, but Only When Used for the Right Patient
Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring in 2026: Still Powerful, but Only When Used for the Right Patient Review Key Takeaways Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring continues to occupy an important role in contemporary cardiovascular risk assessment and remains far from obsolete. Although advances in cardiovascular imaging, biomarker testing, and
