Inflammation as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor Are We Ready for Anti-Inflammatory Therapy Review Abstract Inflammation is now firmly established as a central component of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and a key contributor to residual cardiovascular risk. While traditional risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and
Cardiology
REBOA in Non-Trauma Cardiac Arrest: Heroic Rescue or Futile Effort?
REBOA in Non-Trauma Cardiac Arrest Heroic Rescue or Futile Effort Review Abstract Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) has emerged as a novel endovascular intervention with potential applications beyond its established role in traumatic hemorrhagic shock. In recent years, interest has grown in
Primary Aldosteronism: One of the Most Missed Diagnoses in Internal Medicine?
Primary Aldosteronism: One of the Most Missed Diagnoses in Internal Medicine? Review Abstract Primary aldosteronism is one of the most common, treatable, and underdiagnosed causes of hypertension. Once viewed as a rare disorder defined by severe hypertension and hypokalemia, it is now recognized as a
Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring in 2026: Still Powerful, but Only When Used for the Right Patient
Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring in 2026: Still Powerful, but Only When Used for the Right Patient Review Key Takeaways Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring continues to occupy an important role in contemporary cardiovascular risk assessment and remains far from obsolete. Although advances in cardiovascular imaging, biomarker testing, and
Contemporary Lipid Management in Family Practice: Risk Stratification, Coronary Artery Calcium, and Shared Decision-Making for Statin Therapy
Contemporary Lipid Management in Family Practice: Risk Stratification, Coronary Artery Calcium, and Shared Decision-Making for Statin Therapy Review Abstract Purpose: This paper examines current approaches to lipid management in family practice, focusing on risk stratification methods, the role of coronary artery calcium scoring, and implementation of
The Rise of Precision Lipidology: Beyond LDL-C to ApoB, Lp(a), and Atherogenic Particle Burden
The Rise of Precision Lipidology: Beyond LDL-C to ApoB, Lp(a), and Atherogenic Particle Burden Review Abstract Lipidology is undergoing a clinically important transition from traditional cholesterol-centered assessment toward a more precise evaluation of atherogenic lipoprotein burden. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) remains a validated therapeutic target
The Death (or Rebirth) of Aspirin in Primary Prevention
The Death (or Rebirth) of Aspirin in Primary Prevention Abstract The role of aspirin in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease has undergone substantial reassessment over the past decade as emerging evidence has challenged long standing assumptions regarding its routine use in individuals without established cardiovascular disease. For many
Obesity as Chronic Disease: Building a Follow-up Model Like HTN/A1c
Obesity as Chronic Disease Building a Follow-up Model Like HTNA1c Abstract Obesity is increasingly recognized as a chronic, relapsing, multifactorial disease that requires long term clinical management rather than episodic intervention. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic predisposition, neuroendocrine regulation, metabolic adaptation, environmental
Hypotension Prediction Index and Machine Learning: Game Changer or Gimmick?
Hypotension Prediction Index and Machine Learning Game Changer or Gimmick Abstract Intraoperative and critical care hypotension is independently associated with adverse outcomes, including acute kidney injury, myocardial injury, stroke, prolonged hospitalization, and increased mortality. Even brief episodes of mean arterial pressure below established thresholds have been
Why GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Are Becoming Essential Cardiovascular Drugs
Why GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Are Becoming Essential Cardiovascular Drugs Introduction Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as a transformative class of medications in the management of type 2 diabetes, demonstrating an approximate 14 percent reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events. Initially developed
