Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction in Family Practice: Evidence, Treatment Thresholds, and Counseling for Patient-Requested Testing Review Abstract Background Subclinical thyroid dysfunction is defined by biochemistry rather than symptoms. Subclinical hypothyroidism presents as an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level with a free thyroxine (FT4) level that remains within the
Endocrinology
Prediabetes in 2026: Evidence Thresholds for Lifestyle Intervention, Metformin, and Anti-Obesity Pharmacotherapy
Prediabetes in 2026: Evidence Thresholds for Lifestyle Intervention, Metformin, and Anti-Obesity Pharmacotherapy Review Abstract Purpose This review examines when lifestyle intervention, metformin, and anti-obesity pharmacotherapy are most appropriate for adults with prediabetes. The objective is to clarify the role of each strategy using current clinical
Insulin Resistance in Non-Obese Patients: The “Metabolically Obese Normal Weight” Paradox
Insulin Resistance in Non-Obese Patients: The "Metabolically Obese Normal Weight” Paradox Review Abstract Normal body mass index (BMI) has long been used as a convenient and widely accepted screening tool for assessing overweight, obesity, and cardiometabolic risk. Although BMI remains valuable for population level surveillance and initial clinical
Pediatric Obesity and GLP-1 Agonists: Are We Ready for Pharmacologic Therapy in Children?
Pediatric Obesity and GLP-1 Agonists Are We Ready for Pharmacologic Therapy in Children Review Abstract Pediatric obesity has emerged as one of the most important public health challenges of the twenty-first century. Once viewed primarily as a consequence of lifestyle choices, obesity is now widely recognized
Perimenopause vs Thyroid vs Mood: Sorting Symptom Overlap Efficiently
Perimenopause vs Thyroid vs Mood Sorting Symptom Overlap Efficiently Review Abstract Perimenopause, thyroid dysfunction, depression, and anxiety represent some of the most common and diagnostically challenging conditions encountered in midlife clinical practice. These disorders frequently coexist and share a broad range of overlapping symptoms, creating major complexity
Revolutionizing Diabetes Monitoring: Beyond A1C to Continuous Metabolic Profiling
Revolutionizing Diabetes Monitoring Beyond A1C to Continuous Metabolic Profiling Review Abstract Diabetes mellitus remains one of the most prevalent and challenging chronic diseases worldwide, affecting hundreds of millions of individuals and contributing significantly to cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, blindness, neuropathy, and premature mortality. Effective diabetes management
Ozempic Nation: Paradigm Shift or Public Health Mirage?
Ozempic Nation Paradigm Shift or Public Health Mirage Review Abstract The emergence of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and related incretin-based therapies has transformed the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Semaglutide, marketed as Ozempic for diabetes and Wegovy for obesity, initiated a major shift in
What a Closed Loop System for Insulin Delivery Contains: Breaking Down Artificial Pancreas Technology in 2026
What a Closed Loop System for Insulin Delivery Contains: Breaking Down Artificial Pancreas Technology in 2026 Review Key Takeaways Closed-loop insulin delivery systems represent a revolutionary advancement in diabetes management, combining three essential components to automate blood sugar control and significantly improve patient outcomes.
The Vitamin D Debate: From Universal Supplement to Precision Therapy
The Vitamin D Debate: From Universal Supplement to Precision Therapy Review Abstract Vitamin D supplementation has evolved from a simple solution to rickets into one of medicine’s most debated therapeutic interventions. This paper examines the current evidence surrounding vitamin D’s role in health and disease,
Managing Diabetes in the Age of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM): How Practice is Changing
Managing Diabetes in the Age of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) How Practice is Changing Review Abstract The integration of continuous glucose monitoring technology into diabetes management has significantly reshaped clinical practice over the past decade. Continuous glucose monitoring systems provide real time, dynamic assessment of interstitial glucose
