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WARNINGS
1. Experienced Physician and Institution
Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) are at high risk in general and can have severe adverse reactions to VESANOID (tretinoin). VESANOID (tretinoin) should therefore be administered only to patients with APL under the strict supervision of a physician who is experienced in the management of patients with acute leukemia and in a facility with laboratory and supportive services sufficient to monitor drug tolerance and protect and maintain a patient compromised by drug toxicity, including respiratory compromise. Use of VESANOID (tretinoin) requires that the physician concludes that the possible benefit to the patient outweighs the following known adverse effects of the therapy.
2. Retinoic Acid-APL Syndrome
About 25% of patients with APL treated with VESANOID (tretinoin) have experienced a syndrome called the retinoic acid-APL (RA-APL) syndrome characterized by fever, dyspnea, acute respiratory distress, weight gain, radiographic pulmonary infiltrates, pleural and pericardial effusions, edema, and hepatic, renal, and multi-organ failure. This syndrome has occasionally been accompanied by impaired myocardial contractility and episodic hypotension. It has been observed with or without concomitant leukocytosis. Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation have been required in some cases due to progressive hypoxemia, and several patients have expired with multi-organ failure. The syndrome generally occurs during the first month of treatment, with some cases reported following the first dose of VESANOID (tretinoin) .
The management of the syndrome has not been defined rigorously, but high-dose steroids given at the first suspicion of the RA-APL syndrome appear to reduce morbidity and mortality. At the first signs suggestive of the syndrome (unexplained fever, dyspnea and/or weight gain, abnormal chest auscultatory findings or radiographic abnormalities), high-dose steroids (dexamethasone 10 mg intravenously administered every 12 hours for 3 days or until the resolution of symptoms) should be immediately initiated, irrespective of the leukocyte count. The majority of patients do not require termination of VESANOID (tretinoin) therapy during treatment of the RA-APL syndrome. However, in cases of moderate and severe RA-APL syndrome, temporary interruption of VESANOID (tretinoin) therapy should be considered.
3. Leukocytosis at Presentation and Rapidly Evolving Leukocytosis During VESANOID (tretinoin) Treatment
During VESANOID (tretinoin) treatment about 40% of patients will develop rapidly evolving leukocytosis. Patients who present with high WBC at diagnosis (>5x109/L) have an increased risk of a further rapid increase in WBC counts. Rapidly evolving leukocytosis is associated with a higher risk of life-threatening complications.
If signs and symptoms of the RA-APL syndrome are present together with leukocytosis, treatment with high-dose steroids should be initiated immediately. Some investigators routinely add chemotherapy to VESANOID (tretinoin) treatment in the case of patients presenting with a WBC count of >5x109/L or in the case of a rapid increase in WBC count for patients leukopenic at start of treatment, and have reported a lower incidence of the RA-APL syndrome. Consideration could be given to adding full-dose chemotherapy (including an anthracycline if not contraindicated) to the VESANOID (tretinoin) therapy on day 1 or 2 for patients presenting with a WBC count of >5x109/L, or immediately, for patients presenting with a WBC count of <5x109/L, if the WBC count reaches ≥ 6x109/L by day 5, or ≥ 10x109/L by day 10, or ≥ 15x109/L by day 28.
4. Teratogenic Effects. Pregnancy Category D - see WARNINGS
There is a high risk that a severely deformed infant will result if VESANOID (tretinoin) is administered during pregnancy. If, nonetheless, it is determined that VESANOID (tretinoin) represents the best available treatment for a pregnant woman or a woman of childbearing potential, it must be assured that the patient has received full information and warnings of the risk to the fetus if she were to be pregnant and of the risk of possible contraception failure and has been instructed in the need to use two reliable forms of contraception simultaneously during therapy and for 1 month following discontinuation of therapy, and has acknowledged her understanding of the need for using dual contraception, unless abstinence is the chosen method
Within 1 week prior to the institution of VESANOID (tretinoin) therapy, the patient should have blood or urine collected for a serum or urine pregnancy test with a sensitivity of at least 50 mIU/mL. When possible, VESANOID (tretinoin) therapy should be delayed until a negative result from this test is obtained. When a delay is not possible, the patient should be placed on two reliable forms of contraception. Pregnancy testing and contraception counseling should be repeated monthly throughout the period of VESANOID (tretinoin) treatment.
VESANOID (tretinoin) is a retinoid that induces maturation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells in culture. It is available in a 10 mg soft gelatin capsule for oral administration. Each capsule also contains beeswax, butylated hydroxyanisole, edetate disodium, hydrogenated soybean oil flakes, hydrogenated vegetable oils and soybean oil. The gelatin capsule shell contains glycerin, yellow iron oxide, red iron oxide, titanium dioxide, methylparaben and propylparaben.
Chemically, tretinoin is all-trans retinoic acid and is related to retinol (Vitamin A). It is a yellow to light orange crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 300.44.
The structural formula is as follows:
 |
VESANOID is indicated for the induction of remission in adults and pediatric patients 1 year of age and older with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) characterized by the presence of the t(15;17) translocation or PML/RARα gene expression, and who are refractory to or who have relapsed from anthracycline chemotherapy or for whom anthracycline-based chemotherapy is contraindicated.
Verify pregnancy status in females of reproductive potential prior to initiating VESANOID. Females of reproductive potential must have a negative pregnancy test before initiating VESANOID [see Use In Specific Populations].
The recommended dosage of VESANOID is 22.5 mg/m2 orally twice daily until complete remission is documented. Discontinue VESANOID 30 days after achievement of complete remission or after 90 days of treatment, whichever occurs first.
Discontinue VESANOID if the t(15;17) translocation or PML/RARα fusion has not been identified [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Take VESANOID with a meal.
Swallow VESANOID capsules whole with water. Do not chew, dissolve, or open capsule.
Do not take a missed dose of VESANOID unless it is more than 10 hours until the next scheduled dose.
If vomiting occurs after VESANOID administration, do not take an additional dose, but continue with the next scheduled dose.
10 mg, two-tone (lengthwise) with orange-yellow and reddish-brown, imprinted with “10 mg” in black ink
VESANOID is supplied as 10 mg, two-tone (lengthwise) orange-yellow and reddish-brown capsules with black print “10 mg” available in:
Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Keep bottle tightly closed. Protect from light.
Distributed by: H2-Pharma, LLC, 611. 611 Industrial Park Blvd Montgomery, AL 36117, USA. Revised: Feb 2023.
The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling:
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The safety of VESANOID was evaluated in patients with APL who received VESANOID at a dose of 22.5 mg/m2 orally twice daily [see Clinical Studies].
The most common adverse reactions (≥30%) were headache, fever, skin/mucous membrane dryness, bone pain, malaise, shivering, upper respiratory tract disorders, dyspnea, hemorrhage, infections, nausea/vomiting, rash, peripheral edema, leukocytosis, pain, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, chest discomfort, abdominal pain.
Table 1 summarizes the adverse reactions for patients with APL.
Table 1. Adverse Reactions (≥ 10%) Occurring in Patients with APL Who Received VESANOID
| Adverse Reaction | VESANOID |
| All Grades (%) | |
| Nervous system disorders | |
| Headache | 86 |
| Dizziness | 20 |
| Paresthesias | 17 |
| Anxiety | 17 |
| Insomnia | 14 |
| Depression | 14 |
| Confusion | 11 |
| General disorders | |
| Fever | 83 |
| Skin/mucous membrane dryness | 77 |
| Malaise | 66 |
| Shivering | 63 |
| Peripheral edema | 52 |
| Pain | 37 |
| Chest discomfort | 32 |
| Edema | 29 |
| Mucositis | 26 |
| Weight increase | 23 |
| Anorexia | 17 |
| Weight decrease | 17 |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | |
| Bone pain | 77 |
| Myalgia | 14 |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | |
| Upper respiratory tract disorders | 63 |
| Dyspnea | 60 |
| Respiratory insufficiency | 26 |
| Pleural effusion | 20 |
| Rales | 14 |
| Expiratory wheezing | 14 |
| Pneumonia | 14 |
| Vascular disorders | |
| Hemorrhage | 60 |
| Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 34 |
| Flushing | 23 |
| Hypotension | 14 |
| Hypertension | 11 |
| Phlebitis | 11 |
| Infections and infestations | |
| Infections | 58 |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | |
| Nausea/vomiting | 57 |
| Abdominal pain | 31 |
| Other gastrointestinal disorders | 26 |
| Diarrhea | 23 |
| Constipation | 17 |
| Dyspepsia | 14 |
| Abdominal distention | 11 |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | |
| Rash | 54 |
| Pruritus | 20 |
| Increased sweating | 20 |
| Alopecia | 14 |
| Skin changes | 14 |
| Blood and lymphatic system disorders | |
| Leukocytosis | 49 |
| Differentiation syndrome1 | 26 |
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation | 26 |
| Ear and labyrinth disorders | |
| Earache or feeling of fullness in the ears | 23 |
| Cardiac disorders | |
| Arrhythmias | 23 |
| Eye disorders | |
| Visual disturbances | 17 |
| Ocular disorders | 17 |
| Renal and urinary disorders | |
| Renal insufficiency | 11 |
| 1Differentiation syndrome can be associated with other commonly reported events such as fever, leukocytosis, dyspnea, pneumonia, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, hypotension, edema, weight gain, and renal failure. | |
Adverse reactions that occurred in <10% of patients who received VESANOID include:
Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Erythema nodosum, basophilia and hyperhistaminemia, Sweet’s Syndrome, organomegaly, hypercalcemia, pancreatitis, myositis, thrombosis (both venous and arterial), thrombocytosis, genital ulceration and vasculitis, predominantly involving the skin.
The coadministration of VESANOID with ketoconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, increased tretinoin plasma concentration, which may increase the risk of adverse reactions [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. Avoid coadministration of VESANOID with strong CYP3A inhibitors if possible. Monitor patients taking a strong CYP3A inhibitor with VESANOID more frequently for adverse reactions.
The coadministration of VESANOID with strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease tretinoin plasma concentrations, which may reduce its efficacy. Avoid coadministration with strong CYP3A inducers if possible.
Intracranial hypertension has been reported in patients who received VESANOID and concomitant use of other products that can cause intracranial hypertension, such as tetracyclines, may increase the risk. Avoid concomitant use of VESANOID with other products agents that can cause intracranial hypertension [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
The concomitant use of vitamin A with VESANOID may lead to vitamin A related adverse reactions. Avoid concomitant use of VESANOID with vitamin A.
Fatal thrombotic complications have been reported in patients who have received VESANOID and concomitant use of anti-fibrinolytic agents may increase the risk. Avoid concomitant use of VESANOID with anti-fibrinolytic agents [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Included as part of the "PRECAUTIONS" Section
VESANOID can cause embryo-fetal loss and malformations when administered to a pregnant woman. VESANOID is a retinoid and there is an increased risk of major congenital malformations, spontaneous abortions and premature births following exposure to retinoids during pregnancy in humans. Tretinoin has teratogenic and embryotoxic effects in mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits and pigtail monkeys at doses less than the human dose on a mg/m2 basis.
Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use 2 effective methods of contraception during treatment with VESANOID and for 1 month following the last dose. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with VESANOID and for 1 week following the last dose [see Use In Specific Populations].
Differentiation Syndrome, which may be life-threatening or fatal, occurred in about 26% of patients with APL who received VESANOID [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Symptoms include fever, dyspnea, acute respiratory distress, weight gain, radiographic pulmonary infiltrates, pleural and pericardial effusions, edema, and hepatic, renal, and multi-organ failure. This syndrome has been accompanied by impaired myocardial contractility and episodic hypotension and it has been observed with or without concomitant leukocytosis. This syndrome generally occurs during the first month of treatment, as early as following the first dose. Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were required in some cases due to progressive hypoxemia and several patients have died with multi-organ failure.
At the first signs or symptoms of this syndrome, immediately administer dexamethasone 10 mg intravenously every 12 hours until signs and symptoms have abated for at least 3 days and initiate hemodynamic monitoring until resolution of signs and symptoms. Consider withholding VESANOID for moderate and severe differentiation syndrome until resolution [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
VESANOID may be initiated based on the morphological diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Confirm the diagnosis of APL by detection of the t(15;17) translocation using cytogenetic studies or PML/RARα fusion using molecular diagnostic techniques. VESANOID is not recommended for use in patients without these genetic markers [see INDICATIONS ].
Rapidly evolving leukocytosis, which can be life-threatening, occurred in about 40% of patients with APL who received VESANOID [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Patients who present with a baseline white blood cell count (WBC) > 5 × 109/L have an increased risk. Patients who receive chemotherapy with VESANOID may be at a reduced risk. Rapidly evolving leukocytosis is associated with a higher risk of life-threatening complications. Consider administering cytoreductive chemotherapy (including an anthracycline if not contraindicated or hydroxyurea) with VESANOID in the setting of leukocytosis, as clinically indicated.
Retinoids, including VESANOID, have been associated with intracranial hypertension, especially in pediatric patients. Early signs and symptoms include papilledema, headache, nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances. Evaluate patients with these symptoms for intracranial hypertension, and, if present, institute appropriate care in concert with neurological assessment. Consider interruption, dose reduction, or discontinuation of VESANOID as appropriate.
The concomitant use of other products (e.g., tetracyclines) that can cause intracranial hypertension may increase the risk. Avoid concomitant use of VESANOID with other products that can cause intracranial hypertension [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].
Hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia has occurred in up to 60% of patients who received VESANOID. These changes may be reversible upon completion of treatment. The clinical consequences of increased triglycerides and cholesterol are unknown, but venous thrombosis and myocardial infarction have been reported in patients who ordinarily are at low risk for such complications.
Monitor fasting triglycerides and cholesterol at baseline and periodically during treatment.
Elevated liver function test results occurred in 50% to 60% of patients during treatment with VESANOID. Most of these abnormalities resolved without interruption of VESANOID or after completion of treatment.
Monitor liver function test at baseline and during treatment as clinically indicated. Consider withholding VESANOID if liver function test results increase to greater than 5 times the upper limit of normal values until resolution.
Venous and arterial thromboembolic events, including cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction and renal infarct have been reported with VESANOID [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. These events may occur during the first month of treatment. Patients taking anti-fibrinolytic agents may have an increased risk.
Avoid concomitant use of VESANOID and anti-fibrinolytic agents, such as tranexamic acid, aminocaproic acid or aprotinin [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].
No 2-year carcinogenicity studies in rodents have been conducted with tretinoin. In a carcinogenicity study, female B5D2F1 mice pretreated with a carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN, intraperitoneal 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) received dietary supplement of all-trans-retinoic acid (tretinoin) for 12 months. Tretinoin at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day in the diet (about 2 times the human dose on a mg/m2 basis) was shown to increase the rate of DEN-induced mouse hepatocellular carcinomas. Tretinoin in combination with 50 mg/kg of DEN also increased the incidence of hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas.
Tretinoin was negative when tested in the Ames and Chinese hamster V79 cell HGPRT assays for mutagenicity. A 2-fold increase in the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) has been demonstrated in human diploid fibroblasts, but other chromosome aberration assays, including an in vitro assay in human peripheral lymphocytes and an in vivo mouse micronucleus assay, did not show a clastogenic or aneuploidogenic effect.
Adverse effects on fertility and reproductive performance were not observed in studies conducted in rats at doses up to 5 mg/kg/day (about 2/3 the human dose on a mg/m2 basis). In a 6-week toxicology study in dogs, testicular degeneration, with increased numbers of immature spermatozoa, were observed at 10 mg/kg/day (about 4 times the equivalent human dose in mg/m2).
Based on findings in animals and its mechanism of action [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY], VESANOID can cause embryo-fetal loss and malformations when administered to a pregnant woman. VESANOID is a retinoid and there is an increased risk of major congenital malformations, spontaneous abortions and premature births following exposure to retinoids during pregnancy in humans. Tretinoin was teratogenic and embryotoxic in mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits and pigtail monkeys at doses less than the human dose on a mg/m2 basis (see Data). Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus.
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population(s) is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.
Human Data
VESANOID is a retinoid and increased spontaneous abortions and major fetal abnormalities related to the use of retinoids have been documented in humans. Reported malformations include abnormalities of the central nervous system, musculoskeletal system, external ear, eye, thymus and great vessels; and facial dysmorphia, cleft palate, and parathyroid hormone deficiency. Some of these abnormalities were fatal.
IQ scores less than 85, with or without obvious CNS abnormalities, have been reported in pediatrics exposed to retinoids in utero.
Animal Data
Tretinoin causes fetal resorptions and a decrease in live fetuses in all animals studied. Gross external, soft tissue and skeletal alterations occurred at doses higher than 0.7 mg/kg/day in mice, 2 mg/kg/day in rats, 7 mg/kg/day in hamsters, and at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, the only dose tested, in pigtail monkeys (about 1/20, 1/4, and 1/2 and 4 times the human dose, respectively, on a mg/m2 basis).
There are no data on the presence of tretinoin in human milk, the effects on the breastfeed child or the effects on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions from VESANOID in breastfed infants, advise women not to breastfed during treatment with VESANOID and for 1 week after the last dose.
VESANOID can cause embryo-fetal loss and malformations when administered to a pregnant woman [see Pregnancy].
Verify pregnancy status in females of reproductive potential prior to initiating VESANOID. Females of reproductive potential must have a negative pregnancy test within 1 week prior to initiating VESANOID with a sensitivity of at least 50 mIU/mL.
Females
Advise females of reproductive potential to abstain continuously from sexual intercourse or to use two effective methods of contraception. Counsel patients to use two effective methods of contraception during treatment with VESANOID and for 1 month after the last dose. Two methods of effective contraception is indicated even where there has been a history of infertility, unless due to hysterectomy. Refer females of reproductive potential to a qualified provider of contraceptive methods, if needed.
Males
Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during and after treatment with VESANOID and for 1 week after the last dose.
Males
Based on testicular toxicities observed in dogs, VESANOID may impair male fertility [see Nonclinical Toxicology]. The reversibility of effect on fertility is unknown.
Safety and effectiveness of VESANOID has been established in pediatric patients 1 year of age and older and the information on this use is discussed throughout the labeling. The maximum tolerated dose is lower in pediatric patients compared to adults. Some pediatric patients experience severe headache and intracranial hypertension, which required management with an analgesic and a lumbar puncture. Dose reduction may be considered for pediatric patients experiencing serious and/or intolerable adverse reactions.
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients less than 1 year of age have not been established.
Across clinical studies of VESANOID, 21% were 60 years and older. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these patients and younger patients.
In case of overdose with VESANOID, reversible signs of hypervitaminosis A (headache, nausea, vomiting, mucocutaneous symptoms) can appear. Overdosage with other retinoids has been associated with transient headache, facial flushing, cheilosis, abdominal pain, dizziness and ataxia. These symptoms have quickly resolved without apparent residual effects.
There is no specific treatment in the case of an overdose; however, it is important that the patient be treated in a special hematological unit.
VESANOID is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to VESANOID, any of its components, or other retinoids. Reactions have included rash, pruritus, face edema, and dyspnea. [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Tretinoin induces cytodifferentiation and decreased proliferation of APL cells in culture and in vivo. In APL patients, tretinoin treatment produces an initial maturation of the primitive promyelocytes derived from the leukemic clone, followed by a repopulation of the bone marrow and peripheral blood by normal, polyclonal hematopoietic cells in patients achieving complete remission (CR). The exact mechanism of action of tretinoin in APL is unknown.
The exposure-response relationship and time course of pharmacodynamic response for the safety and effectiveness of VESANOID have not been characterized.
Following the administration of VESANOID 22.5 mg/m2 orally twice daily, the mean ± SD peak tretinoin concentrations after the first dose was 394 ± 89 and after 1 week of continuous treatment was 138 ± 139 ng/mL, while area under the curve (AUC) after the first dose was 537 ± 191 ng·h/mL and after 1 week of continuous treatment was 249 ± 185 ng·h/mL.
Time to reach peak concentration was between 1 and 2 hours. The absolute bioavailability of VESANOID was approximately 50%.
Effect of Food
The effect of food on the absorption of VESANOID has not been characterized. Food increases the absorption of retinoids, as a class.
The apparent volume of distribution of tretinoin has not been determined.
Protein binding is greater than 95%, predominately to albumin. Plasma protein binding remains constant over the concentration range of 10 to 500 ng/mL.
The terminal elimination half-life of tretinoin following initial dosing is 0.5 to 2 hours in patients with APL.
Metabolism
Tretinoin induced its own metabolism with plasma concentrations after 1 week of continuous therapy decreased to one-third of their day 1 values. Tretinoin is metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, CYP3A4, 2C8, and 2E and undergoes glucuronidation by UGT2B7. Metabolites include 9-cis retinoic acid, 13-cis retinoic acid, 4-oxo trans retinoic acid, 4-oxo cis retinoic acid, and 4-oxo trans retinoic acid glucuronide. The metabolites 4-oxo retinoic acid and 4-oxo trans retinoic acid glucuronide have one-third of the pharmacological activity of the parent compound.
Excretion
Following administration of radiolabeled tretinoin 2.75 mg and 50 mg (0.53 to 9.6 times the approved recommended dosage based on 1.7 m2), approximately 63% of radioactivity was recovered in the urine within 72 hours and 31% appeared in the feces within 6 days.
The effect of age, sex, race, renal impairment, and hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of tretinoin is unknown.
Coadministration of ketoconazole (strong CYP3A inhibitor) increased tretinoin AUC by 72%.
Effect of Tretinoin on Transporters: Tretinoin does not inhibit P-gp and BCRP in vitro.
The efficacy of VESANOID has been evaluated in 114 previously treated patients and in 67 previously untreated (“de novo”) patients with APL in one open-label, uncontrolled single investigator clinical study (Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center [MSKCC]) and in two cohorts of compassionate cases treated by multiple investigators under the auspices of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Patients received VESANOID 22.5 mg/m2 orally twice daily for up to 90 days following the first dose or 30 days following achievement of complete remission. Efficacy results are shown Table 2.
Table 2. Efficacy Results in a Controlled Clinical Trial (MSKCC) and Compassionate Use
| MSKCC | NCI Cohort 1 | NCI Cohort 2 | ||||
| Relapsed N = 20 |
De Novo n = 15 |
Relapsed* N = 48 |
De Novo n = 14 |
Relapsed n = 46 |
De Novo † n = 38 |
|
| Complete Remission | 16 (80%) |
11 (73%) |
24 (50%) |
5 (36%) |
24 (52%) |
26 (68%) |
| Median Survival (months) | 10.8 | NR | 5.8 | 0.5 | 8.8 | NR |
| Median Follow-up (months) | 9.9 | 42.9 | 5.6 | 1.2 | 8.0 | 13.1 |
| NR = Not Reached NA = Not Available *Including 9 chemorefractory patients †Including 8 patients who received chemotherapy but failed to enter remission |
||||||
The median time to complete remission was between 40 and 50 days (range: 2 to 120 days). Most patients received cytotoxic chemotherapy during the remission phase.
Ten of 15 pediatric cases achieved complete remission (8 of 10 males and 2 of 5 females).
Advise female patients of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to inform their healthcare provider of a known or suspected pregnancy [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and Use In Specific Populations].
Advise females of reproductive potential to use 2 methods of effective contraception during treatment with VESANOID and for 1 month after the last dose [see Use In Specific Populations].
Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with VESANOID and for 1 week after the last dose [see Use In Specific Populations].
Advise patients that VESANOID can cause differentiation syndrome. Ask patients to immediately report any symptoms suggestive of differentiation syndrome, such as fever, cough or difficulty breathing, decreased urinary output, low blood pressure, rapid weight gain, or swelling of their arms or legs, to their healthcare provider for further evaluation [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients that VESANOID is not recommended for use in patients without t(15;17) translocation or PML/RARα fusion [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Inform patients that rapidly evolving leukocytosis, which can be life-threatening, can occur during treatment with VESANOID [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients that VESANOID can cause intracranial hypertension, especially in pediatric patients. Ask patients to immediately report any symptoms suggestive of intracranial hypertension, such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Inform patients that hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia can occur during treatment with VESANOID. Advise patients on the need for monitoring fasting triglycerides and cholesterol [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients that VESANOID can cause elevated liver function tests. Advise patients on the need for monitoring of liver function tests [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Inform patients that venous and arterial thromboembolic events, including cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction and renal infarct can occur during treatment with VESANOID [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with VESANOID and for 1 week after the last dose [see Use In Specific Populations].
Advise patients to swallow VESANOID capsules whole with water. Advise patients not to chew, dissolve, or open capsules. Advise patients not to take a missed dose of VESANOID unless it is more than 10 hours until the next scheduled dose. Advise patients that if vomiting occurs after VESANOID administration, that they should not take an additional dose, but continue with the next scheduled dose [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Advise patients that the ability to drive or operate machinery might be impaired when treated with VESANOID, particularly if patients are experiencing dizziness or severe headache
