Warnings for PedMark
Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.
Precautions for PedMark
Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 8% to 13% of patients in clinical trials [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
PEDMARK is contraindicated in patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity to sodium thiosulfate or its components [see CONTRAINDICATIONS].
Monitor patients for hypersensitivity reactions. Immediately discontinue PEDMARK and institute appropriate care if a hypersensitivity reaction occurs [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. Administer antihistamines or glucocorticoids (if appropriate) before each subsequent administration of PEDMARK [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
PEDMARK may contain sodium sulfite. Sulfite exposure can cause hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or severe asthma episodes, in patients with sulfite sensitivity. The overall prevalence of sulfite sensitivity in the general population is unknown; sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in people with asthma compared to people without asthma.
Hypernatremia And Hypokalemia
At the recommended dosage of PEDMARK, a 20 g/m² dose delivers a sodium load of 162 mmol/m², a 15 g/m² dose delivers a sodium load of 121 mmol/m² and a 10 g/m² dose delivers a sodium load of 81 mmol/m².
Hypernatremia occurred in 12% to 26% of patients in clinical trials, including a single Grade 3 case. Hypokalemia occurred in 15% to 27% of patients in clinical trials, with Grade 3 or 4 occurring in 9% to 27% [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Pediatric patients younger than 1 month have less well-developed sodium homeostasis compared to other pediatric patients. PEDMARK is not indicated and not recommended for use in pediatric patients younger than 1 month of age.
Monitor serum sodium and potassium levels at baseline and as clinically indicated. Do not initiate PEDMARK infusions in patients with baseline serum sodium greater than 145 mmol/L [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Withhold PEDMARK in patients with serum sodium greater than 145 mmol/L [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypernatremia and hypokalemia. Provide supportive care and supplementation as appropriate.
Nausea And Vomiting
Nausea occurred in 8% to 40% of patients in clinical trials, with Grade 3 or 4 in 3.8 to 8%. Vomiting occurred in 7% to 85% of patients in clinical trials, with Grade 3 or 4 in 7% to 8% [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Administer antiemetics prior to each PEDMARK administration [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. Provide additional antiemetics and supportive care as appropriate.
Patient Counseling Information
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (PATIENT INFORMATION).
Hypersensitivity
Inform patients and caregivers that PEDMARK can cause hypersensitivity reactions [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Hypernatremia And Hypokalemia
Inform patients and caregivers that PEDMARK can cause hypernatremia and hypokalemia, and to promptly report signs and symptoms consistent with these electrolyte abnormalities [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Nausea And Vomiting
Inform patients and caregivers that PEDMARK can cause nausea and vomiting [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Nonclinical Toxicology
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility
Long-term studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate the potential carcinogenicity of sodium thiosulfate. In an in vitro Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay (Ames Assay), sodium thiosulfate was not mutagenic in the absence of metabolic activation in S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, or TA1538, nor in the presence of metabolic activation in strains TA98, TA1535, TA1537, or TA1538 or E. coli strain WP2. Sodium thiosulfate at up to 1000 μM did not increase the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes in vitro.
There are no animal studies examining the effects of sodium thiosulfate on fertility.
Use In Specific Populations
Pregnancy
Risk Summary
There are no available data on PEDMARK used in pregnant women to evaluate for a drug-associated risk. Oral or intravenous administration of sodium thiosulfate during the period of organogenesis resulted in no signs of malformations or lethality, but at doses and exposures that were lower than those in humans (see Data).
PEDMARK is administered following cisplatin infusions, which can cause embryo-fetal harm. Refer to cisplatin prescribing information for additional information.
In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.
Data
Animal Data
In animal studies, sodium thiosulfate was not embryotoxic or teratogenic in pregnant mice, rats, hamsters, or rabbits at daily (5 to 13 daily doses during the period of organogenesis) oral maternal doses of up to 550, 400, 400, and 580 mg/kg/day (0.08 to 0.35 times the highest clinical dose of 20 g/m² based on body surface area [BSA]), respectively, of sodium thiosulfate; exposure in these animals compared to humans may be much lower due to poor oral bioavailability. Sodium thiosulfate was not embryotoxic or teratogenic in hamsters following a total daily dose of 1500 mg/kg (0.38 times the highest clinical dose of 20 g/m² based on BSA). Additionally, an intravenous pharmacokinetic study in gravid ewes indicated that sodium thiosulfate does not cross the placenta.
Lactation
There are no data on the presence of sodium thiosulfate in human milk or its effects on the breastfed child or on milk production.
PEDMARK is administered in combination with cisplatin. Refer to cisplatin prescribing information for additional information.
Pediatric Use
The safety and effectiveness of PEDMARK have been established to reduce the risk of ototoxicity associated with cisplatin in pediatric patients 1 month of age and older with localized, non-metastatic solid tumors.
The safety and effectiveness of PEDMARK have not been established in pediatric patients younger than 1 month old or in pediatric patients with metastatic cancer.
PEDMARK is not recommended in pediatric patients younger than 1 month old due to the increased risk of hypernatremia [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Renal Impairment
Sodium thiosulfate is substantially excreted by the kidney [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. No dose adjustment is recommended for patients with renal impairment or end-stage renal disease. Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypernatremia and hypokalemia more closely if the GFR falls below 60 mL/min/1.73 m² [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Use In Specific Populations
No Information provided