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WARNING
SERIOUS INFECTION, MALIGNANCY, AND THROMBOSIS
Patients treated with Olumiant are at risk for developing serious infections that may lead to hospitalization or death [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Most patient who developed these infections were taking concomitant immunosuppressants such as methotrexate or corticosteroids.
If a serious infection develops, interrupt Olumiant until the infection is controled.
Reported infections include:
The risks and benefits of treatment with Olumiant should be carefully considered prior to initiating therapy in patients with chronic or recurrent infections.
Patients should be closely monitored for the developement of signs and symptoms of infection during and after treatment with Olumiant including the possible development of tuberculosis in patients who tested negative for latent tuberculosis infection prior to initiating therapy [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Lymphoma and other malignancies have been observed in patients treated with Olumiant [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Thrombosis, including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, has been observed at an increased incidence in patients treated with Olumiant compared to placebo. In addition, there were cases of arterial thrombosis. Many of these adverse events were serious and some resulted in death. Patients with symptoms of thrombosis should be promptly evaluated. [See WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Olumiant (baricitinib) is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor with the chemical name {1-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-[4-(7Hpyrrolo[ 2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]azetidin-3-yl}acetonitrile. Baricitinib has an empirical formula of C16H17N7O2S and a molecular weight of 371.42. Baricitinib has the following structural formula:
 |
Olumiant tablets contain a recessed area on each face of the tablet surface and are available for oral administration as debossed, film-coated, immediate-release tablets. The 2 mg tablet is light pink, oblong, debossed with “Lilly” on one side and “2” on the other.
Each tablet contains 2 mg of baricitinib and the following inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, ferric oxide, lecithin (soya), polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, talc and titanium dioxide.
OLUMIANT® (baricitinib) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response to one or more tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers.
Not recommended for use in combination with other JAK inhibitors, biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine.
OLUMIANT is indicated for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalized adults requiring supplemental oxygen, non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
OLUMIANT is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with severe alopecia areata.
Not recommended for use in combination with other JAK inhibitors, biologic immunomodulators, cyclosporine or other potent immunosuppressants.
Prior to OLUMIANT treatment initiation, consider performing the following evaluations:
Monitor complete blood counts during treatment and modify dosage as recommended [see Dosage Modifications Due To Infections, Cytopenias And Anemia and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
In patients with rheumatoid arthritis or alopecia areata, update immunizations in agreement with current immunization guidelines [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
The recommended dosage of OLUMIANT is 2 mg once daily orally, with or without food [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. An alternative administration for patients unable to swallow tablets may be used [see Alternative Administration For Patients Unable To Swallow Tablets]. OLUMIANT may be used as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate or other non-biologic DMARDs.
The recommended dosage of OLUMIANT for adults is 4 mg once daily orally, with or without food, for 14 days or until hospital discharge, whichever occurs first. An alternative administration for patients unable to swallow tablets may be used [see Alternative Administration For Patients Unable To Swallow Tablets].
The recommended dosage of OLUMIANT is 2 mg once daily orally, with or without food. Increase to 4 mg once daily if the response to treatment is not adequate.
For patients with nearly complete or complete scalp hair loss, with or without substantial eyelash or eyebrow hair loss, consider treating with 4 mg once daily, with or without food.
Once patients achieve an adequate response to treatment with 4 mg, decrease the dosage to 2 mg once daily.
Table 1: Dosage Modifications for Cytopenias and Anemia in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis or Alopecia Areata
| Laboratory Analyte | Laboratory Analyte Value | Recommendation |
| Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) | ≥500 cells/μL | Maintain dosage |
| <500 cells/μL | Interrupt OLUMIANT until ALC ≥500 cells/μL | |
| Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) | ≥1000 cells/μL | Maintain dosage |
| <1000 cells/μL | Interrupt OLUMIANT until ANC ≥1000 cells/μL | |
| Hemoglobin | ≥8 g/dL | Maintain dosage |
| <8 g/dL | Interrupt OLUMIANT until hemoglobin ≥8 g/dL |
Table 2: Dosage Modifications for Cytopenias in Patients with COVID-19
| Laboratory Analyte | Laboratory Analyte Value | Recommendation |
| Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) | ≥200 cells/μL | Maintain dosage |
| <200 cells/μL | Interrupt OLUMIANT until ALC ≥200 cells/μL | |
| Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) | ≥500 cells/μL | Maintain dosage |
| <500 cells/μL | Interrupt OLUMIANT until ANC ≥500 cells/μL |
Renal Impairment
Dosage modifications for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and renal impairment are described in Table 3.
Table 3: Dosage Modifications for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Renal Impairment
| Renal Impairment Stage | Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) | Recommendation |
| Mild | 60 – <90 mL/minute/1.73 m2 | 2 mg once daily |
| Moderate | 30 - <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 1 mg once daily |
| Severe | <30 mL/minute/1.73 m2 | Not recommended |
Hepatic Impairment
Renal Impairment
Table 4: Dosage Modifications for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Renal Impairment
| Renal Impairment Stage | Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) | Recommendation |
| Mild | 60 – <90 mL/minute/1.73 m2 | 4 mg once daily |
| Moderate | 30 - <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 2 mg once daily |
| Severe | 15 - <30 mL/min/1.73m2 | 1 mg once daily |
| End Stage Renal Disease, Patients on Dialysis, or Acute Kidney Injury | <15 mL/min/1.73m2 | Not recommended |
Hepatic Impairment
Renal Impairment
Dosage modifications for patients with alopecia areata and renal impairment are described in Table 5.
Table 5: Dosage Modifications for Patients with Alopecia Areata and Renal Impairment
| Renal Impairment Stage | Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) |
Recommendation | |
| If the recommended dosage is 2 mg once daily | If the recommended dosage is 4 mg once daily | ||
| Mild | 60 – <90 mL/minute/1.73 m2 | Maintain dosage | |
| Moderate | 30 – <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | Reduce to 1 mg once daily | Reduce to 2 mg once daily |
| Severe | <30 mL/minute/1.73 m2 | Not recommended | |
Hepatic Impairment
The recommended dosage of OLUMIANT in patients taking strong Organic Anion Transporter 3 (OAT3) inhibitors, such as probenecid, are shown in Table 6 [see DRUG INTERACTIONS and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
Table 6: Dosage Modifications when Coadministered with Strong OAT3 Inhibitors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis, COVID-19 or Alopecia Areata
| Concomitant Medication | Recommendation |
| Strong OAT3 inhibitors (e.g., probenecid) |
If the recommended dosage is 4 mg once daily, reduce dosage to 2 mg once daily. |
| If the recommended dosage is 2 mg once daily, reduce dosage to 1 mg once daily. | |
| If the recommended dosage is 1 mg once daily, consider discontinuing probenecid. |
For patients who are unable to swallow whole tablets, an alternative mode of administration may be considered:
Intact tablets are not hazardous. Tablets may be crushed to facilitate dispersion. It is not known if powder from the crushed tablets may constitute a reproductive hazard to the preparer. If tablets are crushed, use proper control measures (e.g., ventilated enclosure) or personal protective equipment (i.e., N95 respirator). Dispersed tablets are stable in water for up to 4 hours.
Table 7: Dispersion and Rinse Volume for Alternative Administration
| Administration via | Dispersion Volume | Container Rinse Volume |
| Oral dispersion | 10 mL | 10 mL |
| G tube | 15 mL | 15 mL |
| NG tube or OG tube | 30 mL | 30 mL |
OLUMIANT is available as debossed, film-coated tablets:
OLUMIANT for oral administration is available as debossed, film-coated, tablets. Each tablet contains a recessed area on each face of the tablet surface.
| OLUMIANT Tablets | 1 mg | 2 mg | 4 mg |
| Color | Very Light Pink | Very Pink | Medium Pink |
| Shape | Round | Oblong | Round |
| Identification | Lilly 1 | Lilly 2 | Lilly 4 |
| NDC Codes | |||
| Bottle of 30 | 0002-4732-30 | 0002-4182-30 | 0002-4479-30 |
Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Keep out of reach of children.
Marketed by: Lilly USA, LLC Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA. Revised: Jun 2022.
The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling:
Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not predict the rates observed in a broader patient population in clinical practice.
The safety of OLUMIANT was evaluated in six randomized double-blind placebo-controlled studies (three Phase 2, three Phase 3) and a long-term extension study in patients with moderately to severely active RA. Patients were randomized to placebo (1070 patients), OLUMIANT 2 mg (479 patients), or baricitinib 4 mg (997 patients).
Patients could be switched to baricitinib 4 mg from placebo or OLUMIANT 2 mg from as early as Week 12 depending on the study design. All patients initially randomized to placebo were switched to baricitinib 4 mg by Week 24.
During the 16-week treatment period, adverse events leading to discontinuation of treatment were reported by 35 patients (11.4 per 100 patient-years) treated with placebo, 17 patients (12.1 per 100 patient-years) with OLUMIANT 2 mg, and 40 patients (13.4 per 100 patient-years) treated with baricitinib 4 mg.
During 0 to 52-week exposure, adverse events leading to discontinuation of treatment were reported by 31 patients (9.2 per 100 patient-years) with OLUMIANT 2 mg, and 92 patients (10.2 per 100 patient-years) treated with baricitinib 4 mg.
During the 16-week treatment period, infections were reported by 253 patients (82.1 per 100 patientyears) treated with placebo, 139 patients (99.1 per 100 patient-years) treated with OLUMIANT 2 mg, and 298 patients (100.1 per 100 patient-years) treated with baricitinib 4 mg.
During 0 to 52-week exposure, infections were reported by 200 patients (59.6 per 100 patients-years) treated with OLUMIANT 2 mg, and 500 patients (55.3 per 100 patient-years) treated with baricitinib 4 mg.
In the 0 to 52-week exposure population, the most commonly reported infections with OLUMIANT were viral upper respiratory tract infection, upper respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, and bronchitis.
During the 16-week treatment period, serious infections were reported in 13 patients (4.2 per 100 patient-years) treated with placebo, 5 patients (3.6 per 100 patient-years) treated with OLUMIANT 2 mg, and 11 patients (3.7 per 100 patient-years) treated with baricitinib 4 mg.
During 0 to 52-week exposure, serious infections were reported in 14 patients (4.2 per 100 patient-years) treated with OLUMIANT 2 mg and 32 patients (3.5 per 100 patient-years) treated with baricitinib 4 mg.
In the 0 to 52-week exposure population, the most commonly reported serious infections with OLUMIANT were pneumonia, herpes zoster, and urinary tract infection [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS)].
During the 16-week treatment period, no events of tuberculosis were reported.
During 0 to 52-week exposure, events of tuberculosis were reported in 0 patients treated with OLUMIANT 2 mg and 1 patient (0.1 per 100 patient-years) treated with baricitinib 4 mg [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS)].
Cases of disseminated tuberculosis were also reported.
During the 16-week treatment period, opportunistic infections were reported in 2 patients (0.6 per 100 patient-years) treated with placebo, 0 patients treated with OLUMIANT 2 mg and 2 patients (0.7 per 100 patient-years) treated with baricitinib 4 mg. During 0 to 52-week exposure, opportunistic infections were reported in 1 patient (0.3 per 100 patient-years) treated with OLUMIANT 2 mg and 5 patients (0.6 per 100 patientyears) treated with baricitinib 4 mg [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS)].
During the 16-week treatment period, malignancies excluding non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) were reported in 0 patients treated with placebo, 1 patient (0.7 per 100 patient-years) treated with OLUMIANT 2 mg, and 1 patient (0.3 per 100 patient-years) treated with baricitinib 4 mg.
During the 0 to 52-week treatment period, malignancies excluding NMSC were reported in 2 patients (0.6 per 100 patientyears) treated with OLUMIANT 2 mg and 6 patients (0.7 per 100 patient-years) treated with baricitinib 4 mg [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Venous Thrombosis
During the 16-week treatment period, venous thromboses (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) were reported in 0 patients treated with placebo, 0 patients treated with OLUMIANT 2 mg, and 5 patients (1.7 per 100 patient-years) treated with baricitinib 4 mg. During the 0 to 52-week treatment period, venous thromboses were reported in 2 patients (0.6 per 100 patient-years) treated with OLUMIANT 2 mg and 7 patients (0.8 per 100 patient-years) treated with baricitinib 4 mg.
Arterial Thrombosis
During the 16-week treatment period, arterial thromboses were reported in 1 patient treated with placebo (0.3 per 100 patient-years), 2 patients (1.4 per 100 patient-years) treated with OLUMIANT 2 mg, and 2 patients (0.7 per 100 patient-years) treated with baricitinib 4 mg. During the 0 to 52-week treatment period, arterial thromboses were reported in 3 patients (0.9 per 100 patient-years) treated with OLUMIANT 2 mg and 3 patients (0.3 per 100 patientyears) treated with baricitinib 4 mg.
Neutropenia
During the 16-week treatment period, neutrophil counts below 1000 cells/mm3 occurred in 0% of patients treated with placebo, 0.6% of patients treated with OLUMIANT 2 mg, and 0.3% of patients treated with baricitinib 4 mg. There were no neutrophil counts below 500 cells/mm3 observed in any treatment group [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Platelet Elevations
During the 16-week treatment period, increases in platelet counts above 600,000 cells/mm3 occurred in 1.1% of patients treated with placebo, 1.1% of patients treated with OLUMIANT 2 mg, and 2.0% of patients treated with baricitinib 4 mg. Mean platelet count increased by 3000 cells/mm3 at 16 weeks in patients treated with placebo, by 15,000 cells/mm3 at 16 weeks in patients treated with OLUMIANT 2 mg and by 23,000 cells/mm3 in patients treated with baricitinib 4 mg.
Liver Enzyme Elevations
Events of increases in liver enzymes ≥3 times the ULN were observed in patients treated with OLUMIANT [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Lipid Elevations
In controlled clinical trials, OLUMIANT treatment was associated with dose-related increases in lipid parameters including total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. Elevations were observed at 12 weeks and remained stable thereafter. During the 12-week treatment period, changes in lipid parameters are summarized below:
Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK)
OLUMIANT treatment was associated with increases in CPK within one week of starting OLUMIANT and plateauing after 8 to 12 weeks. At 16 weeks, the mean change in CPK for OLUMIANT 2 mg and baricitinib 4 mg was 37 IU/L and 52 IU/L, respectively.
Creatinine
In controlled clinical trials, dose-related increases in serum creatinine were observed with OLUMIANT treatment. At 52 weeks, the mean increase in serum creatinine was less than 0.1 mg/dL with baricitinib 4 mg. The clinical significance of the observed serum creatinine increases is unknown.
Other adverse reactions are summarized in Table 8.
Table 8: Adverse Reactions Occurring in Greater Than or Equal to 1% of OLUMIANT 2 mg and Baricitinib 4 mg Treated Patients in Placebo-Controlled Trials for Rheumatoid Arthritis
| Events | Weeks 0-16 | ||
| Placebo n=1070 (%) |
OLUMIANT 2 mg n=479 (%) |
Baricitinib 4 mg n=1070 (%) |
|
| Upper respiratory tract infectionsa | 11.7 | 16.3 | 14.7 |
| Nausea | 1.6 | 2.7 | 2.8 |
| Herpes simplexb | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.8 |
| Herpes zoster | 0.4 | 1.0 | 1.4 |
| a Includes acute sinusitis, acute tonsillitis, chronic tonsillitis, epiglottitis, laryngitis, nasopharyngitis, oropharyngeal pain, pharyngitis, pharyngotonsillitis, rhinitis, sinobronchitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, tracheitis, and upper respiratory tract infection. b Includes eczema herpeticum, genital herpes, herpes simplex, ophthalmic herpes simplex, and oral herpes. |
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Additional adverse drug reactions occurring in fewer than 1% of patients: acne.
The safety of OLUMIANT was evaluated in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of hospitalized adults with COVID-19 for up to 29 days, in which 1307 patients received at least one dose of OLUMIANT 4 mg once daily, and 1310 patients received placebo, for up to 14 days or until hospital discharge, whichever occurred first. In these studies, prophylaxis for venous thromboembolic event (VTEs) was recommended or required for all patients unless a major contraindication was noted.
Overall, the safety profile observed in patients with COVID-19 treated with OLUMIANT was consistent with the safety profile in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
During the first 29 days of the randomized clinical trials, infections were reported in 194 patients (14.8%) treated with OLUMIANT 4 mg and by 219 patients (16.7%) treated with placebo. The most commonly reported infection with OLUMIANT was pneumonia (3.1%).
During the first 29 days of the randomized clinical trials, serious infections were reported in 98 patients (7.5%) treated with OLUMIANT 4 mg and 120 patients (9.2%) treated with placebo. The most commonly reported serious infections with OLUMIANT were COVID-19 pneumonia (2.1%) and septic shock (2.1%).
During the first 29 days of the randomized clinical trials, opportunistic infections were reported in 12 patients (0.9%) treated with OLUMIANT 4 mg and 14 patients (1.1%) treated with placebo. Tuberculosis was reported in 1 patient (0.1%) treated with OLUMIANT 4 mg and 0 patients treated with placebo.
During the first 29 days of the randomized clinical trials, pulmonary embolism was reported in 20 patients (1.5%) treated with OLUMIANT 4 mg and 11 patients (0.8%) treated with placebo. Deep vein thrombosis was reported in 20 patients (1.5%) treated with OLUMIANT 4 mg and 18 patients (1.4%) treated with placebo. Adverse drug reactions in greater than or equal to 1% of patients in trials for COVID-19 are summarized in Table 9.
Table 9: Adverse Reactions That Occurred in Greater Than or Equal to 1% of Patients Treated with OLUMIANT 4 mg During the First 29 Days in Placebo-Controlled Trials for COVID-19
| Placebo N = 1310 n (%) |
OLUMIANT 4 mg N = 1307 n (%) |
|
| ALT ≥3 x ULNa | 201(16.0) | 230 (18.1) |
| AST ≥3 x ULNa | 117 (9.4) | 149 (11.8) |
| Thrombocytosis >600,000 cells/mm3a | 34 (4.6) | 59 (7.9) |
| Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) >5 x ULNa, b | 38 (4.7) | 36 (4.5) |
| Neutropenia <1000 cells/mm3a | 22 (1.8) | 26 (2.2) |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 18 (1.4) | 20 (1.5) |
| Pulmonary embolism | 11 (0.8) | 20 (1.5) |
| Urinary tract infection | 13 (1.0) | 19 (1.5) |
| a As assessed by measured values within the clinical trial database. Frequencies are based on shifts from pre-treatment to post-treatment (with number at risk as the denominator), except for ALT and AST for which frequencies are based on observed elevation during treatment. b Creatine phosphokinase frequencies presented in the table were available for a single trial (COVID II) in patients with COVID-19 and do not represent integrated data. |
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The safety of OLUMIANT was evaluated in two placebo-controlled trials in patients with severe alopecia areata. Patients were randomized to placebo (371 patients), OLUMIANT 2 mg (365 patients), or OLUMIANT 4 mg (540 patients). Of these, a total of 845 patients were treated with OLUMIANT for at least 1 year.
Table 10 summarizes adverse reactions that occurred at a frequency of at least 1% in patients treated with OLUMIANT 2 mg once daily or OLUMIANT 4 mg once daily and more frequently than in patients treated with placebo during the 36- week placebo-controlled period of the alopecia areata clinical trials.
Table 10: Adverse Reactions That Occurred in ≥1% of Patients Treated with OLUMIANT 2 mg or OLUMIANT 4 mg in Alopecia Areata Trials
| Adverse Reaction | Weeks 0-36 | ||
| Placebo N=371 (%)a |
OLUMIANT 2 mg N=365 (%)a |
OLUMIANT 4 mg N=540 (%)a |
|
| Upper respiratory tract infectionsb (URTI) | 19.9 | 18.4 | 21.3 |
| Headache | 5.4 | 5.5 | 6.6 |
| Acnec | 2.2 | 5.8 | 5.9 |
| Hyperlipidemiad | 3.0 | 3.6 | 5.9 |
| Blood creatine phosphokinase increased | 1.3 | 0.8 | 4.3 |
| Urinary tract infections (UTI)e | 2.2 | 3.8 | 3.7 |
| Liver enzyme elevationsf | 0.8 | 1.1 | 3.0 |
| Folliculitisg | 1.1 | 1.4 | 2.2 |
| Fatigue | 0.8 | 0.8 | 2.2 |
| Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)h | 1.0 | 2.2 | 2.0 |
| Nausea | 0.3 | 2.7 | 2.0 |
| Genital Candida infectionsi | 0.3 | 2.2 | 1.3 |
| Anemia | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1.3 |
| Neutropeniaj | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.3 |
| Abdominal paink | 2.2 | 3.8 | 0.9 |
| Herpes zoster | 0.5 | 1.4 | 0.9 |
| Weight increased | 0.3 | 1.6 | 0.9 |
| a %-study size adjusted percentages. b URTI includes: acute sinusitis, influenza, laryngitis, nasopharyngitis, oropharyngeal pain, pharyngitis, pharyngotonsillitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, upper respiratory tract infection, viral upper respiratory tract infection, viral sinusitis, viral pharyngitis, respiratory tract infection viral, rhinovirus infection and adenoiditis c Acne includes: acne and dermatitis acneiform. d Hyperlipidemia includes: hyperlipidaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, dyslipidaemia, lipids increased, low density lipoprotein increased, blood cholesterol increased, and blood triglycerides increased. e UTI includes: cystitis, urinary tract infection, white blood cells urine positive, urinary tract infection bacterial, and pyelonephritis. f Liver enzyme elevations includes: transaminases increased, aspartate aminotransferase increased, alanine aminotransferase increased, hepatic enzyme increased, gamma-glutamyl transferase increased, and hepatic function abnormal. g Folliculitis was most commonly localized in the scalp region associated with hair regrowth h LRTI includes: bronchitis, bronchiolitis, lower respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, COVID-19 pneumonia, and respiratory tract infection. i Genital Candida infections includes: vulvovaginal candidiasis, vulvovaginal mycotic infection, and genital infection fungal. j Neutropenia includes: neutropenia and neutrophil count decreased. k Abdominal pain includes: abdominal pain, abdominal pain lower, abdominal pain upper, and abdominal discomfort. |
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In patients treated with any dose of baricitinib, adverse reactions that occurred in fewer than 1% of patients include arterial thrombosis, B cell lymphoma, lymphopenia, and fungal skin infections.
Additional adverse reactions observed after Week 52: venous thromboembolic events (VTE), including deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), and malignancy including non-melanoma skin cancer.
Overall, the adverse reactions observed in patients with alopecia areata treated with OLUMIANT were consistent with the adverse reactions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of OLUMIANT. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure:
Immune System Disorders: Drug hypersensitivity (events such as rash, urticaria, and angioedema have been reported) [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Baricitinib exposure is increased when OLUMIANT is co-administered with strong OAT3 inhibitors (such as probenecid), hence the dosage of baricitinib should be reduced by half the recommended dose [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
OLUMIANT has not been studied in combination with other JAK inhibitors or with biologic DMARDs [see INDICATIONS].
Included as part of the "PRECAUTIONS" Section
Serious and sometimes fatal infections due to bacterial, mycobacterial, invasive fungal, viral, or other opportunistic pathogens have been reported in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving OLUMIANT. The most common serious infections reported with OLUMIANT included pneumonia, herpes zoster, and urinary tract infection [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Among opportunistic infections, tuberculosis, multidermatomal herpes zoster, esophageal candidiasis, pneumocystosis, acute histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, cytomegalovirus, and BK virus were reported with OLUMIANT. Some patients have presented with disseminated rather than localized disease, and were often taking concomitant immunosuppressants such as methotrexate or corticosteroids.
Avoid use of OLUMIANT in patients with an active, serious infection, including localized infections. Consider the risks and benefits of treatment prior to initiating OLUMIANT in patients:
In patients with rheumatoid arthritis or alopecia areata, closely monitor for the development of signs and symptoms of infection during and after treatment with OLUMIANT. Interrupt OLUMIANT in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or alopecia areata, if the patient develops a serious infection, an opportunistic infection, or sepsis. A patient who develops a new infection during treatment with OLUMIANT should undergo prompt and complete diagnostic testing appropriate for an immunocompromised patient; appropriate antimicrobial therapy should be initiated, the patient should be closely monitored, and OLUMIANT should be interrupted if the patient is not responding to therapy. Do not resume OLUMIANT until the infection is controlled.
In patients with COVID-19, monitor for signs and symptoms of new infections during and after treatment with OLUMIANT. There is limited information regarding the use of OLUMIANT in patients with COVID-19 and concomitant active serious infections. The risks and benefits of treatment with OLUMIANT in COVID-19 patients with other concurrent infections should be considered.
Evaluate patients for active infection prior to administration of OLUMIANT. OLUMIANT should not be given to patients with active TB.
Test patients with rheumatoid arthritis or alopecia areata for latent tuberculosis. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis or alopecia areata and latent tuberculosis (TB) should be treated with standard antimycobacterial therapy before initiating OLUMIANT. Consider anti-TB therapy prior to initiation of OLUMIANT in patients with a history of latent or active TB in whom an adequate course of treatment cannot be confirmed, and for patients with a negative test for latent TB but who have risk factors for TB infection. Consultation with a physician with expertise in the treatment of TB is recommended to aid in the decision about whether initiating anti-TB therapy is appropriate for an individual patient.
During OLUMIANT use, monitor patients for the development of signs and symptoms of TB, including patients who tested negative for latent TB infection prior to initiating therapy.
Viral reactivation, including cases of herpes virus reactivation (e.g., herpes zoster), were reported in clinical studies with OLUMIANT. If a patient develops herpes zoster, interrupt OLUMIANT treatment until the episode resolves.
The impact of OLUMIANT on chronic viral hepatitis reactivation is unknown. Patients with evidence of active hepatitis B or C infection were excluded from clinical trials. In clinical trials in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or alopecia areata, patients who were positive for hepatitis C antibody but negative for hepatitis C virus RNA were permitted to enroll. Patients with positive hepatitis B surface antibody and hepatitis B core antibody, without hepatitis B surface antigen, were permitted to enroll; such patients should be monitored for expression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA. Should HBV DNA be detected, consult with a hepatologist. Perform screening for viral hepatitis in accordance with clinical guidelines before starting therapy with OLUMIANT.
In a large, randomized, postmarketing safety study of another JAK inhibitor in RA patients 50 years of age and older with at least one cardiovascular risk factor, a higher rate of all-cause mortality, including sudden cardiovascular death, was observed in patients treated with the JAK inhibitor compared with TNF blockers. Consider the benefits and risks for the individual patient prior to initiating or continuing therapy with OLUMIANT.
Malignancies were observed in clinical studies of OLUMIANT [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
In a large, randomized, postmarketing safety study of another JAK inhibitor in RA patients, a higher rate of malignancies (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)) was observed in patients treated with the JAK inhibitor compared to those treated with TNF blockers. A higher rate of lymphomas was observed in patients treated with the JAK inhibitor compared to those treated with TNF blockers. A higher rate of lung cancers was observed in current or past smokers treated with the JAK inhibitor compared to those treated with TNF blockers. In this study, current or past smokers had an additional increased risk of overall malignancies.
Consider the benefits and risks for the individual patient prior to initiating or continuing therapy with OLUMIANT, particularly in patients with a known malignancy (other than successfully treated NMSC), patients who develop a malignancy, and patients who are current or past smokers.
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) have been reported in patients treated with OLUMIANT. Periodic skin examination is recommended for patients who are at increased risk for skin cancer.
In a large, randomized, postmarketing safety study of another JAK inhibitor in RA patients 50 years of age and older with at least one cardiovascular risk factor, a higher rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and non-fatal stroke was observed with the JAK inhibitor compared to those treated with TNF blockers. Patients who are current or past smokers are at additional increased risk.
Consider the benefits and risks for the individual patient prior to initiating or continuing therapy with OLUMIANT, particularly in patients who are current or past smokers and patients with other cardiovascular risk factors. Patients should be informed about the symptoms of serious cardiovascular events and the steps to take if they occur. Discontinue OLUMIANT in patients that have experienced a myocardial infarction or stroke.
Thrombosis, including deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), has been observed at an increased incidence in patients treated with OLUMIANT compared to placebo. In addition, arterial thrombosis events in the extremities have been reported in clinical studies with OLUMIANT. Many of these adverse events were serious and some resulted in death. There was no clear relationship between platelet count elevations and thrombotic events. In a large, randomized, postmarketing safety study of another JAK inhibitor in RA patients 50 years of age and older with at least one cardiovascular risk factor, higher rates of overall thrombosis, DVT, and PE were observed compared to those treated with TNF blockers.
If clinical features of DVT/PE or arterial thrombosis occur, patients should discontinue OLUMIANT and be evaluated promptly and treated appropriately. Avoid OLUMIANT in patients that may be at increased risk of thrombosis.
Reactions such as angioedema, urticaria, and rash that may reflect drug hypersensitivity have been observed in patients receiving OLUMIANT, including serious reactions. If a serious hypersensitivity reaction occurs, promptly discontinue OLUMIANT while evaluating the potential causes of the reaction [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Gastrointestinal perforations have been reported in clinical studies with OLUMIANT.
Monitor OLUMIANT-treated patients who may be at increased risk for gastrointestinal perforation (e.g., patients with a history of diverticulitis). Evaluate promptly patients presenting with new onset abdominal symptoms for early identification of gastrointestinal perforation.
Treatment with OLUMIANT was associated with an increased incidence of neutropenia (ANC less than 1000 cells/mm3) compared to placebo.
In patients with rheumatoid arthritis or alopecia areata, avoid initiation or interrupt OLUMIANT treatment in patients with an ANC less than 1000 cells/mm3.
In patients with COVID-19, there is limited information regarding use of OLUMIANT in patients with ANC less than 1000 cells/mm3. Avoid initiation or interrupt OLUMIANT treatment in patients with COVID-19 and an ANC less than 500 cells/mm3.
Evaluate at baseline and thereafter according to routine patient management. Adjust dosing based on ANC [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and ADVERSE REACTIONS].
ALC less than 500 cells/mm3 were reported in OLUMIANT clinical trials. Lymphocyte counts less than the lower limit of normal were associated with infection in patients treated with OLUMIANT, but not placebo. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis or alopecia areata, avoid initiation or interrupt OLUMIANT treatment in patients with an ALC less than 500 cells/mm3.
In patients with COVID-19, there is limited information regarding use of OLUMIANT in patients with ALC less than 200 cells/mm3. Avoid initiation or interrupt OLUMIANT treatment in patients with COVID-19 and an ALC less than 200 cells/mm3.
Evaluate at baseline and thereafter according to routine patient management. Adjust dosing based on ALC [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Decreases in hemoglobin levels to less than 8 g/dL were reported in OLUMIANT clinical trials. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis or alopecia areata, avoid initiation or interrupt OLUMIANT treatment in patients with hemoglobin less than 8 g/dL. Evaluate at baseline and thereafter according to routine patient management. Adjust dosing based on hemoglobin levels [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
In patients with COVID-19, there is limited information regarding use of OLUMIANT in patients with hemoglobin less than 8 g/dL.
Treatment with OLUMIANT was associated with increased incidence of liver enzyme elevation compared to placebo. Increases of ALT ≥5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) and increases of AST ≥10 times the ULN were observed in patients in OLUMIANT clinical trials. Evaluate at baseline and thereafter according to routine patient management. Prompt investigation of the cause of liver enzyme elevation is recommended to identify potential cases of drug-induced liver injury. If increases in ALT or AST are observed and drug-induced liver injury is suspected, interrupt OLUMIANT until this diagnosis is excluded [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Treatment with OLUMIANT was associated with increases in lipid parameters, including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Assessment of lipid parameters should be performed approximately 12 weeks following OLUMIANT initiation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or alopecia areata [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Manage patients according to clinical guidelines for the management of hyperlipidemia.
Avoid use of live vaccines with OLUMIANT. Update immunizations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or alopecia areata prior to initiating OLUMIANT therapy in agreement with current immunization guidelines.
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (PATIENT INFORMATION).
Inform patients that they may be more likely to develop infections when taking OLUMIANT. Instruct patients to tell their healthcare provider if they develop any signs or symptoms of an infection [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS)].
Advise patients that the risk of herpes zoster is increased in patients treated with OLUMIANT and some cases can be serious [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS)].
Inform patients that OLUMIANT may increase their risk of developing lymphomas and other malignancies, including of the skin and that periodic skin examinations should be performed while using OLUMIANT. Instruct patients to inform their healthcare provider if they have ever had any type of cancer [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Inform patients that OLUMIANT may increase their risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. Instruct all patients, especially current or past smokers or patients with other cardiovascular risk factors, to be alert for the development of signs and symptoms of cardiovascular events [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients that events of DVT and PE have been reported in clinical studies with OLUMIANT. Instruct patients to seek immediate medical attention if they develop any signs or symptoms of a DVT or PE [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients to discontinue OLUMIANT and seek immediate medical attention if they develop any signs and symptoms of serious allergic reactions [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Inform patients that gastrointestinal perforations have been reported in clinical trials with OLUMIANT. Instruct patients to seek medical care immediately if they experience new onset of abdominal pain, fever, chills, nausea, or vomiting [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Inform patients that OLUMIANT may affect certain lab tests, and that blood tests are required before and during OLUMIANT treatment [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Instruct patients to inform the healthcare practitioner that they are taking OLUMIANT prior to a potential vaccination since the use of live vaccine is not recommended [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise pregnant females and females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus and to inform their healthcare provider if they are pregnant or intend to become pregnant during treatment with OLUMIANT. Inform patients to report their pregnancy to Eli Lilly and Company at 1-800-LillyRx (1-800-545-5979) [see Use In Specific Populations].
Advise a woman not to breastfeed during treatment with OLUMIANT and for four days after the last dose [see Use In Specific Populations].
The carcinogenic potential of baricitinib was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats and Tg.rasH2 mice. No evidence of tumorigenicity was observed in male or female rats that received baricitinib for 91 to 94 weeks at oral doses up to 8 or 25 mg/kg/day, respectively (approximately 7and 30 times the MRHD on an AUC basis). No evidence of tumorigenicity was observed in Tg.rasH2 mice that received baricitinib for 26 weeks at oral doses up to 300 and 150 mg/kg/day in male and female mice, respectively.
Baricitinib tested negative in the following genotoxicity assays: the in vitro bacterial mutagenicity assay (Ames assay), in vitro chromosome aberration assay in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and in vivo rat bone marrow micronucleus assay.
Fertility (achievement of pregnancy) was reduced in male and female rats that received baricitinib at oral doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day respectively (approximately 62 and 93 times the MRHD in males and females, respectively, on an AUC basis) based upon findings that 7 of 19 (36.8%) drug-treated females with evidence of mating were not gravid compared to 1 of 19 (5.3%) control females. It could not be determined from the study design if these findings were attributable to toxicities in one sex or both. Fertility was unaffected in male and female rats at oral doses of 15 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively (approximately 13 and 26 times the MRHD on an AUC basis). However, maintenance of pregnancy was adversely affected at these doses based upon findings of increased post-implantation losses (early resorptions) and decreased numbers of mean viable embryos per litter. The number of viable embryos was unaffected in female rats that received baricitinib at an oral dose of 5 mg/kg/day and were mated to males that received the same dose (approximately 6 times the MRHD on an AUC basis). Reproductive performance was unaffected in male and female rats that received baricitinib at oral doses up to 50 and 100 mg/kg/day respectively (approximately 62 and 93 times the MRHD in males and females, respectively, on an AUC basis).
Based on the findings from animal reproduction studies, OLUMIANT may cause fetal harm during pregnancy. Available data from clinical trials and postmarketing case reports with OLUMIANT exposure in pregnancy are insufficient to inform a drug-associated risk for major birth defects, miscarriage, or other adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. There are no human data on chronic baricitinib exposure throughout pregnancy. There are risks to the mother and the fetus associated with rheumatoid arthritis in pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations). Consider the risks and benefits with chronic use of OLUMIANT during pregnancy.
In animal embryo-fetal development studies, oral baricitinib administration to pregnant rats and rabbits at exposures equal to and greater than approximately 11 and 46 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 4 mg/day, respectively, resulted in reduced fetal body weights, increased embryolethality (rabbits only), and dose-related increases in skeletal malformations. No developmental toxicity was observed in pregnant rats and rabbits treated with oral baricitinib during organogenesis at approximately 2 and 7 times the exposure at the MRHD, respectively. In a pre- and post-natal development study in pregnant female rats, oral baricitinib administration at exposures approximately 24 times the MRHD resulted in reduction in pup viability (increased incidence of stillborn pups and early neonatal deaths), decreased fetal birth weight, reduced fetal body weight gain, decreased cytotoxic T cells on post-natal day (PND) 35 with evidence of recovery by PND 65, and developmental delays that might be attributable to decreased body weight gain. No developmental toxicity was observed at an exposure approximately 5 times the exposure at the MRHD (see Data).
The background risks of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population(s) are unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.
Report pregnancies to Eli Lilly and Company at 1-800-LillyRx (1-800-545-5979).
Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk
Published data suggest that increased disease activity is associated with the risk of developing adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Adverse pregnancy outcomes include preterm delivery (before 37 weeks of gestation), low birth weight (less than 2500 g) infants, and small for gestational age at birth.
Animal Data
In an embryofetal development study in pregnant rats, dosed orally during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 6 to 17, baricitinib was teratogenic (skeletal malformations that consisted of bent limb bones and rib anomalies) at exposures equal to or greater than approximately 11 times the MRHD (on an AUC basis at maternal oral doses of 10 mg/kg/day and higher). No developmental toxicity was observed in rats at an exposure approximately 2 times the MRHD (on an AUC basis at a maternal oral dose of 2 mg/kg/day).
In an embryofetal development study in pregnant rabbits, dosed orally during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 7 to 20, embryolethality, decreased fetal body weights, and skeletal malformations (rib anomalies) were observed in the presence of maternal toxicity at an exposure approximately 46 times the MRHD (on an AUC basis at a maternal oral dose of 30 mg/kg/day). Embryolethality consisted of increased post-implantation loss that was due to elevated incidences of both early and late resorptions. No developmental toxicity was observed in rabbits at an exposure approximately 7 times the MRHD (on an AUC basis at a maternal oral dose of 10 mg/kg/day).
In a pre- and post-natal development study in pregnant female rats dosed orally from gestation day 6 through lactation day 20, adverse findings observed in pups included decreased survival from birth to post-natal day 4 (due to increased stillbirths and early neonatal deaths), decreased birth weight, decreased body weight gain during the pre-weaning phase, increased incidence of malrotated forelimbs during the pre-weaning phase, and decreased cytotoxic T cells on PND 35 with recovery by PND 65 at exposures approximately 24 times the MRHD (on an AUC basis at a maternal oral dose of 25 mg/kg/day). Developmental delays (that may be secondary to decreased body weight gain) were observed in males and females at exposures approximately 24 times the MRHD (on an AUC basis at a maternal oral dose of 25 mg/kg/day). These findings included decreased forelimb and hindlimb grip strengths, and delayed mean age of sexual maturity. No developmental toxicity was observed in rats at an exposure approximately 5 times the MRHD (on an AUC basis at a maternal oral dose of 5 mg/kg/day).
No information is available on the presence of OLUMIANT in human milk, the effects of the drug on the breastfed infant, or the effects of the drug on milk production. Baricitinib is present in the milk of lactating rats (see Data). Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with OLUMIANT and for 4 days after the last dose (approximately 5 to 6 elimination half-lives).
A single oral dose of 25 mg/kg radiolabeled baricitinib was administered to lactating female Sprague-Dawley rats on postpartum day 13. Drug exposure was approximately 45-fold greater in milk than in plasma based on AUC0-t values.
Based on animal studies, OLUMIANT may cause fetal harm when administered during pregnancy [see Pregnancy]. Consider pregnancy planning and prevention for females of reproductive potential.
The safety and effectiveness of OLUMIANT in pediatric patients have not been established.
Of the 3100 patients treated in the rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials, a total of 537 patients were 65 years of age and older, including 71 patients 75 years of age and older. Of the 2558 patients treated in the COVID-19 clinical trials, a total of 791 were 65 years of age and older, including 295 patients 75 years and older. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
Of the 1200 patients in the alopecia areata clinical trials, a total of 29 patients were 65 years of age or older. The number of patients aged 65 years and older was not sufficient to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients.
OLUMIANT is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because geriatric patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
No dose adjustment is necessary in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment.
The use of OLUMIANT has not been studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or alopecia areata and severe hepatic impairment and is therefore not recommended. OLUMIANT has not been studied in patients with COVID-19 and severe hepatic impairment. OLUMIANT should only be used in patients with COVID-19 and severe hepatic impairment if the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
Renal function was found to significantly affect baricitinib exposure.
The recommended dosage of OLUMIANT in patients with moderate renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between 30 and <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) should be reduced by half the recommended dose. OLUMIANT is not recommended for use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or alopecia areata and severe renal impairment (estimated GFR of less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
The recommended dosage of OLUMIANT in patients with moderate renal impairment (estimated GFR between 30 and <60 mL/min/1.732) or severe renal impairment (estimated GFR between 15 and <30 mL/min/1.73 m2) is 2 mg once daily and 1 mg once daily, respectively. OLUMIANT is not recommended for use in patients who are on dialysis, have end-stage renal disease (ESRD), or with estimated GFR of <15 mL/min/1.73 m2 [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
Single doses up to 40 mg and multiple doses of up to 20 mg daily for 10 days have been administered in clinical trials without dose-limiting toxicity. Pharmacokinetic data of a single dose of 40 mg in healthy volunteers indicate that more than 90% of the administered dose is expected to be eliminated within 24 hours.
In case of an overdose, it is recommended that the patient should be monitored for signs and symptoms of adverse reactions. Patients who develop adverse reactions should receive appropriate treatment.
None.
Baricitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. JAKs are intracellular enzymes which transmit signals arising from cytokine or growth factor-receptor interactions on the cellular membrane to influence cellular processes of hematopoiesis and immune cell function. Within the signaling pathway, JAKs phosphorylate and activate Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) which modulate intracellular activity including gene expression. Baricitinib modulates the signaling pathway at the point of JAKs, preventing the phosphorylation and activation of STATs.
JAK enzymes transmit cytokine signaling through their pairing (e.g., JAK1/JAK2, JAK1/JAK3, JAK1/TYK2, JAK2/JAK2, JAK2/TYK2). In cell-free isolated enzyme assays, baricitinib had greater inhibitory potency at JAK1, JAK2 and TYK2 relative to JAK3. In human leukocytes, baricitinib inhibited cytokine induced STAT phosphorylation mediated by JAK1/JAK2, JAK1/JAK3, JAK1/TYK2, or JAK2/TYK2 with comparable potencies. However, the relevance of inhibition of specific JAK enzymes to therapeutic effectiveness is not currently known.
Baricitinib administration resulted in a dose dependent inhibition of IL-6 induced STAT3 phosphorylation in whole blood from healthy subjects with maximal inhibition observed approximately 1 hour after dosing, which returned to near baseline by 24 hours. Similar levels of inhibition were observed using either IL-6 or TPO as the stimulus.
Mean serum IgG, IgM, and IgA values decreased by 12 weeks after starting treatment with OLUMIANT, and remained stable through at least 52 weeks. For most patients, changes in immunoglobulins occurred within the normal reference range.
In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, decreases in serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were observed as early as one week after starting treatment with OLUMIANT and were maintained throughout dosing.
At a dose 10 times the maximum recommended dose, baricitinib does not prolong the QT interval to any clinically relevant extent.
Following oral administration of OLUMIANT, peak plasma concentrations are reached approximately at 1 hour. A doseproportional increase in systemic exposure was observed in the therapeutic dose range. The pharmacokinetics of baricitinib do not change over time. Steady-state concentrations are achieved in 2 to 3 days with minimal accumulation after once-daily administration.
The absolute bioavailability of baricitinib is approximately 80%. An assessment of food effects in healthy subjects showed that a high-fat meal decreased the mean AUC and Cmax of baricitinib by approximately 11% and 18%, respectively, and delayed the tmax by 0.5 hours. Administration with meals is not associated with a clinically relevant effect on exposure. In clinical studies, OLUMIANT was administered without regard to meals.
After intravenous administration, the volume of distribution is 76 L, indicating distribution of baricitinib into tissues. Baricitinib is approximately 50% bound to plasma proteins and 45% bound to serum proteins. Baricitinib is a substrate of the Pgp, BCRP, OAT3 and MATE2-K transporters, which play roles in drug distribution.
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Alopecia Areata
The total body clearance of baricitinib is 8.9 L/h in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 11 L/h in patients with alopecia areata. Elimination half-life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and alopecia areata is approximately 12 to 16 hours.
COVID-19
The total body clearance and half-life of baricitinib is 14.2 L/h and 10.8 hours, respectively, in patients with COVID-19 who are intubated and have baricitinib administered via NG or OG tube.
Approximately 6% of the orally administered baricitinib dose is identified as metabolites (three from urine and one from feces), with CYP3A4 identified as the main metabolizing enzyme. No metabolites of baricitinib were quantifiable in plasma.
Renal elimination is the principal clearance mechanism for baricitinib through filtration and active secretion as baricitinib is identified as a substrate of OAT3, Pgp, BCRP and MATE2-K from in vitro studies. In a clinical pharmacology study, approximately 75% of the administered dose was eliminated in the urine, while about 20% of the dose was eliminated in the feces. Baricitinib was excreted predominately as unchanged drug in urine (69%) and feces (15%).
Body weight, gender, race, ethnicity, and age did not have a clinically relevant effect on the PK (AUC and Cmax) of baricitinib (Figure 1). The mean effects of intrinsic factors on PK parameters (AUC and Cmax) were generally within the inter-subject PK variability of baricitinib. The inter-subject variabilities (% coefficients of variation) in AUC and Cmax of baricitinib are approximately 41% and 22%, respectively, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [see Use In Specific Populations].
Baricitinib systemic exposure in AUC was increased by 1.41-, 2.22-, 4.05- and 2.41-fold for mild, moderate, severe, and ESRD (with hemodialysis) renal impairment sub-groups, respectively, compared to subjects with normal renal function. The corresponding values for increase in Cmax were 1.16-, 1.46-, 1.40- and 0.88-fold, respectively (Figure 1) [see Use In Specific Populations].
Baricitinib systemic exposure and Cmax increased by 1.19- and 1.08-fold for the moderate hepatic impairment group, respectively, compared to subjects with normal hepatic function (Figure 1) [see Use In Specific Populations].
Figure 1: Impact of Intrinsic Factors on Baricitinib Pharmacokineticsa, b
 |
| a Reference values for weight, age, gender, and race comparisons are 70 kg, 54 years, male, and white, respectively; reference groups for renal and hepatic impairment are subjects with normal renal and hepatic function, respectively. b Effects of renal and hepatic impairment on baricitinib exposure were summarized from dedicated renal and hepatic impairment studies, respectively. Effects of other intrinsic factors on baricitinib exposure were summarized from population PK analysis. c The recommended dose for patients with COVID-19 and severe renal impairment (eGFR 15 - <30 mL/min/1.73m2) is 1 mg once daily. OLUMIANT is not recommended for use in patients with COVID-19 who are on dialysis, have end-stage renal disease (ESRD), or acute kidney injury (eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73m2). [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION] |
In vitro, baricitinib did not significantly inhibit or induce the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs 3A, 1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, and 2D6). In clinical pharmacology studies, there were no clinically meaningful changes in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of simvastatin, ethinyl estradiol, or levonorgestrel (CYP3A substrates) when co-administered with baricitinib.
In vitro studies suggest that baricitinib is not an inhibitor of the transporters, P-glycoprotein (Pgp) or Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide (OATP) 1B1. In vitro data indicate baricitinib does inhibit organic anionic transporter (OAT) 1, OAT2, OAT3, organic cationic transporter (OCT) 1, OCT2, OATP1B3, Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) and Multidrug and Toxic Extrusion Protein (MATE) 1 and MATE2-K, but clinically meaningful changes in the pharmacokinetics of drugs that are substrates for these transporters are unlikely. In clinical pharmacology studies there were no clinically meaningful effects on the PK of digoxin (Pgp substrate) or methotrexate (substrate of several transporters) when coadministered with baricitinib.
Exposure changes of drugs following co-administration with baricitinib are shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Impact of Baricitinib on the Pharmacokinetics of Other Drugsa
 |
| a Reference group is administration of concomitant drug alone. |
In vitro studies suggest that baricitinib is a CYP3A4 substrate. In clinical pharmacology studies there was no effect on the PK of baricitinib when co-administered with ketoconazole (CYP3A inhibitor). There were no clinically meaningful changes in the PK of baricitinib when co-administered with fluconazole (CYP3A/CYP2C19/CYP2C9 inhibitor) or rifampicin (CYP3A inducer).
In vitro studies suggest that baricitinib is a substrate for OAT3, Pgp, BCRP and MATE2-K. In a clinical study, probenecid administration (strong OAT3 inhibitor) resulted in an approximately 2-fold increase in baricitinib AUC0-∞ with no effect on Cmax and tmax [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and DRUG INTERACTIONS]. However, simulations with diclofenac and ibuprofen (OAT3 inhibitors with less inhibition potential) predicted minimal effect on the PK of baricitinib. In clinical pharmacology studies there was no clinically meaningful effect on the PK of baricitinib when co-administered with cyclosporine (Pgp and BCRP inhibitor). Co-administration with methotrexate (substrate of several transporters) did not have a clinically meaningful effect on the PK of baricitinib.
Exposure changes of baricitinib following co-administration with CYP inhibitors or inducers, transporter inhibitors, as well as methotrexate and the proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole, are shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Impact of Other Drugs on the Pharmacokinetics of Baricitinibb
 |
| a Values are based on simulated studies. b Reference group is administration of baricitinib alone. |
The OLUMIANT clinical development program included two dose-ranging trials and four confirmatory phase 3 trials in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although other doses have been studied, the recommended dosage of OLUMIANT is 2 mg once daily.
The dose-ranging studies RA-1 (NCT01185353) and RA-2 (NCT01469013) included a 12-week randomized comparison of baricitinib 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg orally once daily versus placebo in 301 and 145 patients, respectively.
The results from the dose-ranging studies are shown in Table 11. In dose-ranging Study RA-1, the observed ACR response was similar for baricitinib 1 and 2 mg daily and for baricitinib 4 and 8 mg daily, with the highest response for baricitinib 8 mg daily. In dose-ranging Study RA-2, there was not a clear trend of dose response, with similar response rates for 1 mg and 4 mg and 2 mg and 8 mg.
Table 11: Proportion of Patients with ACR20 Response at Week 12 in Dose-Ranging RA Studies
| % ACR20 Responders | |||||
| Dose-Ranging Study | Placebo | Baricitinib 1 mg daily |
Baricitinib 2 mg daily |
Baricitinib 4 mg daily |
Baricitinib 8 mg daily |
| RA-1 (N=301) | 41 | 57 | 54 | 75 | 78 |
| RA-2 (N=145) | 31 | 67 | 83 | 67 | 88 |
The efficacy and safety of OLUMIANT 2 mg once daily was assessed in two confirmatory phase 3 trials. These trials were randomized, double-blind, multicenter studies in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism 2010 criteria. Patients over 18 years of age were eligible if at least 6 tender and 6 swollen joints were present at baseline. The two studies (Studies RA-3 and RA-4) evaluated OLUMIANT 2 mg and baricitinib 4 mg.
Study RA-3 (NCT01721057) was a 24-week trial in 684 patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis who had an inadequate response or intolerance to conventional DMARDs (cDMARDs). Patients received OLUMIANT 2 mg or 4 mg once daily or placebo added to existing background cDMARD treatment. From Week 16, non-responding patients could be rescued to receive baricitinib 4 mg once daily. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved an ACR20 response at Week 12.
StudyRA-4 (NCT01721044) was a 24-week trial in 527 patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis who had an inadequate response or intolerance to 1 or more TNF inhibitor therapies with or without other biologic DMARDs (TNFi-IR). Patients received OLUMIANT 2 mg or baricitinib 4 mg once daily or placebo added to background cDMARD treatment. From Week 16, non-responding patients could be rescued to receive baricitinib 4 mg once daily. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved an ACR20 response at Week 12.
Clinical Response
The percentages of OLUMIANT-treated patients achieving ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70 responses, and Disease Activity Score (DAS28-CRP) <2.6 in Studies RA-3 andRA-4 are shown in Table 8.
Patients treated with OLUMIANT had higher rates of ACR response and DAS28-CRP <2.6 versus placebo-treated patients at Week 12 (Studies RA-3 andRA-4) (Table 12).
In StudyRA-4, higher ACR20 response rates (Figure 4) were observed as early as 1 week with OLUMIANT 2 mg versus placebo.
In StudyRA-4, the proportions of patients achieving DAS28-CRP <2.6 who had at least 3 active joints at the end of Week 24 were 18.2% and 10.5%, in the placebo and OLUMIANT 2 mg arms, respectively.
Table 12: Clinical Response in RA Studies RA-3 and RA-4a
| Percent of Patients | ||||
| cDMARD-IR | TNFi-IR | |||
| Study RA-3 | Study RA-3 | |||
| Placebo + cDMARDs | OLUMIANT 2 mg/day + cDMARDs Δ (95% CI)b |
Placebo + cDMARDs | OLUMIANT 2 mg/day + cDMARDs Δ (95% CI)b |
|
| N | 228 | 229 | 176 | 174 |
| ACR 20 | ||||
| Week 12 % | 39 | 66 27 (18, 35) |
27 | 49 22 (12, 32) |
| Week 24 % | 42 | 61 19 (10, 28) |
27 | 45 18 (8, 27) |
| ACR 50 | ||||
| Week 12 % | 13 | 34 21 (13, 28) |
8 | 20 12 (5, 19) |
| Week 24 % | 21 | 41 20 (12, 28) |
13 | 23 10 (2, 18) |
| ACR 70 | ||||
| Week 12 % | 3 | 18 15 (9, 20) |
2 | 13 11 (5, 16) |
| Week 24 % | 8 | 25 17 (11, 24) |
3 | 13 10 (4, 16) |
| DAS28-CRP<2.6 | ||||
| Week 12 % | 9 | 26 (10, 24) |
4 | 11 (2, 12) |
| Week 24 % | 11 | 31 (13, 27) |
6 | 11 (-1, 11) |
| a Patients who were rescued or discontinued treatment were considered as non-responders in the analyses. b 95% confidence interval for the difference (Δ) in response rate between OLUMIANT treatment and placebo (Study RA-3, Study RA-4). |
||||
The effects of OLUMIANT treatment on the components of the ACR response criteria for Studies RA-3and RA-4 are shown in Table 13.
Table 13: Components of ACR Response at Week 12 in RA Studies RA-3 and RA-4a
| cDMARD-IR | TNFi-IR | |||
| Study RA-3 | Study RA-4 | |||
| Placebo + cDMARDs | OLUMIANT 2 mg/day + cDMARDs | Placebo + cDMARDs | OLUMIANT 2 mg/day + cDMARDs | |
| N | 228 | 229 | 176 | 174 |
| Number of Tender Joints (0-68) | ||||
| Baseline | 24 (15) | 24 (14) | 28 (16) | 31 (16) |
| Week 12 | 15 (14) | 11 (13) | 20 (16) | 19 (18) |
| Number of Swollen Joints (0-66) | ||||
| Baseline | 13 (7) | 14 (9) | 17 (11) | 19 (12) |
| Week 12 | 8 (8) | 5 (6) | 12 (10) | 10 (12) |
| Painb | ||||
| Baseline | 57 (23) | 60 (21) | 65 (19) | 62 (22) |
| Week 12 | 43 (24) | 34 (25) | 55 (25) | 46 (28) |
| Patient Global Assessmentb | ||||
| Baseline | 60 (21) | 62 (20) | 66 (19) | 67 (19) |
| Week 12 | 44 (23) | 36 (25) | 56 (25) | 46 (26) |
| Physician Global Assessmentb | ||||
| Baseline | 62 (17) | 64 (17) | 67 (19) | 67 (17) |
| Week 12 | 41 (24) | 33 (22) | 50 (26) | 36 (24) |
| Disability Index (HAQ-DI)c | ||||
| Baseline | 1.50 (0.60) | 1.51 (0.62) | 1.78 (0.57) | 1.71 (0.55) |
| Week 12 | 1.17 (0.62) | 0.96 (0.69) | 1.59 (0.68) | 1.31 (0.72) |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | ||||
| Baseline | 17.7 (20.4) | 18.2 (21.5) | 20.6 (25.3) | 19.9 (22.5) |
| Week 12 | 17.2 (19.3) | 8.6 (14.6) | 19.9 (23.0) | 13.5 (20.1) |
| a Data shown are mean (standard deviation). b Visual analog scale: 0=best, 100=worst. c Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability Index: 0=best, 3=worst; 20 questions; 8 categories: dressing and grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and activities. |
||||
Figure 4: Percent of RA Patients Achieving ACR20 in Study RA-4
 |
Improvement in physical function was measured by the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI). Patients receiving OLUMIANT 2 mg demonstrated greater improvement from baseline in physical functioning compared to placebo at Week 24. The mean difference (95% CI) from placebo in HAQ-DI change from baseline at Week 24 was -0.24 (-0.35, -0.14) in Study RA-3 and -0.23 (-0.35, -0.12) in Study RA-4.
General health status was assessed by the Short Form health survey (SF-36). In Studies RA-3 and RA-4, compared to placebo, patients treated with OLUMIANT 2 mg demonstrated greater improvement from baseline in the physical component summary (PCS) score and the physical function, role physical, bodily pain, vitality, and general health domains at Week 12, with no consistent improvements in the mental component summary (MCS) scores or the role emotional, mental health, and social functioning domains.
The efficacy and safety of baricitinib were assessed in 2 Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials:
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (NCT04401579) of hospitalized adults with confirmed SARSCoV- 2 infection compared treatment with baricitinib plus remdesivir (n = 515) with placebo plus remdesivir (n = 518). Patients had to have laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as at least one of the following to be enrolled in the trial: radiographic infiltrates by imaging, SpO2 ≤94% on room air, a requirement for supplemental oxygen, or a requirement for mechanical ventilation or ECMO. Patients treated with the combination received the following regimen:
In this study prophylaxis for venous thromboembolic event (VTEs) was recommended for all patients unless a major contraindication was noted.
For the overall population (N = 1033 patients) at randomization, mean age was 55 years (with 30% of patients aged 65 or older); 63% of patients were male, 51% were Hispanic or Latino, 48% were White, 15% were Black or African American, and 10% were Asian; 14% did not require supplemental oxygen, 55% required supplemental oxygen, 21% required noninvasive ventilation or high-flow oxygen, and 11% required invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO. The most common comorbidities were obesity (56%), hypertension (52%), and type 2 diabetes (37%). Demographics and disease characteristics were balanced across the combination group and the placebo group.
The primary endpoint, for the intent to treat population, was time to recovery within 29 days after randomization. Recovery was defined as being discharged from the hospital without limitations on activities, being discharged from the hospital with limitations on activities and/or requiring home oxygen or hospitalized but not requiring supplemental oxygen and no longer requiring medical care. The key secondary endpoint was clinical status on Day 15 assessed on an 8-point ordinal scale (OS) consisting of the following categories:
For the overall population, the median time to recovery (defined as discharged from hospital or hospitalized but not requiring supplemental oxygen or ongoing medical care) was 7 days for baricitinib + remdesivir compared to 8 days for placebo + remdesivir [hazard ratio: 1.16 (95% CI 1.01, 1.33); p = 0.035].
Patients assigned to baricitinib + remdesivir were more likely to have a better clinical status (according to an 8-point ordinal scale) at Day 15 compared to patients assigned to placebo + remdesivir [odds ratio: 1.26 (95% CI 1.01, 1.57); p = 0.044].
The proportion of patients who died or progressed to non-invasive ventilation/high-flow oxygen or invasive mechanical ventilation by Day 29 was lower in baricitinib + remdesivir (23%) compared to placebo + remdesivir (28%) [odds ratio: 0.74 (95% CI 0.56, 0.99); p = 0.039]. Patients who required non-invasive ventilation/high-flow oxygen or invasive mechanical ventilation (including ECMO) at baseline needed to worsen by at least 1 point on an 8-point ordinal scale to progress.
The proportion of patients who died by Day 29 was 4.7% (24/515) for baricitinib + remdesivir compared to 7.1% (37/518) for placebo + remdesivir [Kaplan Meier estimated difference in Day 29 probability of mortality: -2.6% (95% CI: -5.8%, 0.5%); hazard ratio = 0.65 (95% CI: 0.39, 1.09)].
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (NCT04421027) of hospitalized adults with confirmed SARSCoV- 2 infection compared treatment with baricitinib 4mg once daily (n = 764) with placebo (n = 761) for 14 days or hospital discharge, whichever came first. Patients could remain on background standard of care, as defined per local guidelines, including antimalarials, antivirals, corticosteroids, and/or azithromycin. In this study prophylaxis for venous thromboembolic event (VTE) was required for all patients unless contraindicated.
The most frequently used therapies at baseline were:
Patients had to have laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, at least one instance of elevation in at least one inflammatory marker above the upper limit of normal according to local laboratory ranges (CRP, D-dimer, LDH, ferritin), and at least one of the following to be enrolled in the trial: radiographic infiltrates by imaging, SpO2 <94% on room air, evidence of active COVID infection (with clinical symptoms including any of the following: fever, vomiting, diarrhea, dry cough, tachypnea defined as respiratory rate >24 breaths/min) or requirement for supplemental oxygen.
For the overall population (N = 1525 patients) at randomization, mean age was 58 years (with 33% of patients aged 65 or older); 63% of patients were male, 60% were White, 5% were Black or African American, 11% were Asian; 12% did not require supplemental oxygen (OS 4), 63% required supplemental oxygen (OS 5), 24% required non-invasive ventilation or high-flow oxygen (OS 6). The most common comorbidities were hypertension (48%), obesity (33%), and type 2 diabetes (29%). Demographics and disease characteristics were balanced across the baricitinib and placebo groups.
The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who died or progressed to non-invasive ventilation/high-flow oxygen or invasive mechanical ventilation within the first 28-days of the study. Patients who required non-invasive ventilation/highflow oxygen at baseline needed to worsen by at least 1 point on an 8-point OS to progress (refer to the description of COVID I for the definition of the 8-point OS). A key secondary endpoint was all-cause mortality by Day 28.
The estimated proportion of patients who died or progressed to non-invasive ventilation/high-flow oxygen or invasive mechanical ventilation was lower in patients treated with baricitinib (27.8%) compared to placebo (30.5%), but this effect was not statistically significant [odds ratio: 0.85 (95% CI 0.67, 1.08); p = 0.180].
The proportion of patients who died by Day 28 was 8.1% (62/764) for baricitinib compared to 13.3% (101/761) for placebo [estimated difference in Day 28 probability of mortality = -4.9% (95% CI: -8.0%, -1.9%); hazard ratio = 0.56 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.77)].
COVID II Exploratory Sub-Study
In a separate group of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO at baseline and enrolled in an addendum to COVID II, a pre-specified exploratory analysis showed that the proportion who died by Day 28 was 39.2% (20/51) for baricitinib compared to 58.0% (29/50) for placebo [estimated difference in Day 28 risk of mortality = -18.8% (95% CI: -36.3%, 0.6%); hazard ratio = 0.54 (95% CI: 0.31, 0.96)].
Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials [Trials AA-1 (NCT03570749) and AA-2 (NCT03899259)] enrolled a total of 1200 patients, with alopecia areata (AA), who had at least 50% scalp hair loss as measured by the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) for more than 6 months. The trials enrolled males 18 to 60 years of age and females 18 to 70 years of age. Among the patients enrolled, 61% were female, 2% were 65 years of age or older, and 52% were White, 36% were Asian, and 8% were Black. At baseline, 53% of patients had at least 95% scalp hair loss, 34% had their current episode lasting at least 4 years, 69% had significant gaps in eyebrow hair or no notable eyebrow hair, and 58% had significant gaps in eyelashes or no notable eyelashes.
In the Phase 3 portion of Trial AA-1 and in Trial AA-2, patients received OLUMIANT 2 mg, OLUMIANT 4 mg, or placebo once daily.
Both trials assessed the proportion of patients who achieved at least 80% scalp hair coverage (SALT score of ≤20) at Week 36 as the primary endpoint. Other outcomes at Week 36 included the proportion of patients who achieved at least 90% scalp hair coverage (SALT score of ≤10), patients with Scalp Hair Assessment PRO™ score of 0 or 1 with at least 2- point reduction on the 5-point scale, and assessments of eyebrow and eyelash hair loss.
The results of the OLUMIANT trials (AA-1 and AA-2) are provided in Table 14 and Figure 5.
Table 14: Clinical Response at Week 36 in Patients with Severe AA
| Trial AA-1 | Trial AA-2 | |||||
| Placebo | OLUMIANT 2 mg/day |
OLUMIANT 4 mg/day |
Placebo | OLUMIANT 2 mg/day |
OLUMIANT 4 mg/day |
|
| Number of subjects with at least 50% scalp hair loss at baseline | ||||||
| N | 189 | 184 | 281 | 156 | 156 | 234 |
| SALT ≤ 20 | 5% | 22% | 35% | 3% | 17% | 32% |
| Difference from Placebo (95% CI) |
16% (10, 23) |
30% (23, 36) |
15% (8, 22) |
30% (23, 36) |
||
| SALT ≤ 10 | 4% | 13% | 26% | 1% | 11% | 24% |
| Difference from Placebo (95% CI) |
9% (3, 15) |
22% (16, 28) |
10% (5, 16)a |
23% (17, 29) |
||
| Number of subjects reporting Scalp Hair Assessment PRO™ score ≥3 at baseline | ||||||
| N | 181 | 175 | 275 | 151 | 149 | 215 |
| Scalp Hair Assessment PRO score of 0 or 1b | 5% | 16% | 33% | 4% | 16% | 34% |
| Difference from Placebo (95% CI) |
11% (5, 18) |
28% (21, 34) |
12% (5, 19) |
30% (23, 37) |
||
| a Not statistically significant under the multiplicity control plan b Patients evaluated scalp hair coverage on a 5-point scale where 0 = No missing hair (0% of scalp hair missing; full head of hair), 1 = A limited area of scalp hair loss (1% to 20%), 2 = moderate scalp hair loss (21% to 49%), 3 = a large area of scalp hair loss (50% to 94%), and 4 = nearly all or all scalp hair loss (95% to 100%). |
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Among patients with substantial eyebrow and eyelash hair loss at baseline, an improvement in eyebrow and eyelash coverage was observed on OLUMIANT 4 mg once daily dosage at Week 36.
Figure 5: Percent of Patients Achieving SALT ≤20
 |
Analyses by age, gender, race, and body weight did not identify differences in response to 36-weeks of treatment with OLUMIANT among these subgroups. SALT ≤20 response rates were higher in all dose groups in patients with baseline SALT 50 to 94 versus SALT 95 to 100. See Table 15.
Table 15: SALT ≤20 at Week 36 by Baseline SALT Severity in AA
| Trials AA-1 and AA-2 | |||
| Placebo | OLUMIANT 2 mg/day | OLUMIANT 4 mg/day | |
| 50 % to 94% Scalp Hair Loss | |||
| N | 166 | 147 | 248 |
| SALT ≤20 | 8% | 33% | 48% |
| 95 % to 100% Scalp Hair Loss | |||
| N | 178 | 193 | 267 |
| SALT ≤20 | 1% | 10% | 21% |
In AA-2, patients who achieved adequate response (SALT ≤20) to OLUMIANT 4 mg once daily at 52 weeks of treatment entered a randomized down-titration period and received OLUMIANT 2 mg once daily or remained on OLUMIANT 4 mg once daily. After an additional 24 weeks of treatment (76 weeks total), 75% (30/40) of patients randomized to OLUMIANT 2 mg once daily maintained response and 98% (41/42) of patients who remained on OLUMIANT 4 mg once daily maintained response.
OLUMIANT®
(O-loo-me-ant)
(baricitinib) tablets, for oral use
What is the most important information I should know about OLUMIANT?
OLUMIANT may cause serious side effects, including:
1. Serious infections.
OLUMIANT is a medicine that affects your immune system. OLUMIANT can lower the ability of your immune system to fight infections. Some people have had serious infections while taking OLUMIANT, including tuberculosis (TB), and infections caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses that can spread throughout the body. Some people have died from these infections.
You should not start taking OLUMIANT if you have any kind of infection unless your healthcare provider tells you it is okay. You may be at a higher risk of developing shingles.
Before starting OLUMIANT, tell your healthcare provider if you:
After starting OLUMIANT, call your healthcare provider right away if you have any symptoms of an infection. OLUMIANT can make you more likely to get infections or, make worse any infection that you have. If you get a serious infection, your healthcare provider may stop your treatment with OLUMIANT until your infection is controlled.
2. Increased risk of death in people 50 years of age and older who have at least 1 heart disease (cardiovascular) risk factor and are taking a medicine in the class of medicines called Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors.
OLUMIANT is a JAK inhibitor medicine.
3. Cancer and immune system problems.
OLUMIANT may increase your risk of certain cancers by changing the way your immune system works.
4. Increased risk of major cardiovascular events such as heart attack, stroke or death in people 50 years of age and older who have at least 1 heart disease (cardiovascular) risk factor and taking a medicine in the class of medicines called JAK inhibitors, especially if you are a current or past smoker.
Get emergency help right away if you have any symptoms of a heart attack or stroke while taking OLUMIANT, including:
5. Blood Clots.
Blood clots in the veins of your legs (deep vein thrombosis, DVT) or lungs (pulmonary embolism, PE) and arteries (arterial thrombosis) can happen in some people taking OLUMIANT. This may be life-threatening and cause death. Blood clots in the veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis, DVT) and lungs (pulmonary embolism, PE) have happened more often in people who are 50 years of age and older and with at least 1 heart disease (cardiovascular) risk factor taking a medicine in the class of medicines called Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors.
6. Allergic Reactions.
Symptoms such as rash (hives), trouble breathing, feeling faint or dizzy, or swelling of your lips, tongue, or throat, that may mean you are having an allergic reaction have been seen in people taking OLUMIANT. Some of these reactions were serious. If any of these symptoms occur during treatment with OLUMIANT, stop taking OLUMIANT and get emergency help right away.
7. Tears (perforation) in the stomach or intestines.
8. Changes in certain laboratory test results.
Your healthcare provider should do blood tests before you start taking OLUMIANT and while you take OLUMIANT to check for the following:
You should not take OLUMIANT if your lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, or red blood cell count is too low or your liver tests are too high. Your healthcare provider may stop your OLUMIANT treatment for a period of time if needed because of changes in these blood test results.
See "What are the possible side effects of OLUMIANT?" for more information about side effects.
What is OLUMIANT?
OLUMIANT is a prescription medicine that is a Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor. OLUMIANT is used to treat:
It is not known if OLUMIANT is safe and effective in children.
Before taking OLUMIANT, tell your healthcare provider about all your medical conditions, including if you:
Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
OLUMIANT and other medicines may affect each other causing side effects.
Especially tell your healthcare provider if you take:
Ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist if you are not sure if you are taking one of these medicines.
Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them to show your healthcare provider and pharmacist when you get a new medicine.
How should I take OLUMIANT?
What are the possible side effects of OLUMIANT?
OLUMIANT may cause serious side effects including:
See “What is the most important information I should know about OLUMIANT?”
The most common side effects of OLUMIANT in people treated for rheumatoid arthritis include:
The most common side effects of OLUMIANT in people treated for COVID-19 include:
The most common side effects of OLUMIANT in people treated for alopecia areata include:
These are not all of the possible side effects of OLUMIANT.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
How should I store OLUMIANT?
Store OLUMIANT at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
Keep OLUMIANT and all medicines out of the reach of children.
General Information about the safe and effective use of OLUMIANT.
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use OLUMIANT for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give OLUMIANT to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. You can ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist for information about OLUMIANT that is written for health professionals.
What are the ingredients in OLUMIANT?
Active ingredient: baricitinib
Inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, ferric oxide, lecithin (soya), polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, talc, titanium dioxide.
This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
