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Carfilzomib is a modified tetrapeptidyl epoxide, isolated as the crystalline free base. The chemical name for carfilzomib is (2S)-N-((S)-1-((S)-4-methyl-1-((R)-2-methyloxiran-2- yl)-1-oxopentan-2-ylcarbamoyl)-2-phenylethyl)-2-((S)-2-(2-morpholinoacetamido)-4- phenylbutanamido)-4-methylpentanamide. Carfilzomib has the following structure:
 |
Carfilzomib is a crystalline substance with a molecular weight of 719.9. The molecular formula is C40H57N5O7. Carfilzomib is practically insoluble in water and very slightly soluble in acidic conditions.
Kyprolis is a sterile, white to off-white lyophilized powder and is available as a single-dose 10 mg, 30 mg or 60 mg vial. Each 10 mg vial contains 10 mg of carfilzomib, 500 mg sulfobutylether beta-cyclodextrin, and 9.6 mg anhydrous citric acid and sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment (target pH 3.5). Each 30 mg vial contains 30 mg of carfilzomib, 1500 mg sulfobutylether beta-cyclodextrin, and 28.8 mg anhydrous citric acid and sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment (target pH 3.5). Each 60 mg vial contains 60 mg of carfilzomib, 3000 mg sulfobutylether beta-cyclodextrin, 57.7 mg citric acid, and sodium hydroxide for Ph adjustment (target pH 3.5).
Adequate hydration is required prior to dosing in Cycle 1, especially in patients at high-risk of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) or renal toxicity. Consider hydration with both oral fluids (30 mL per kg at least 48 hours before Cycle 1, Day 1) and intravenous fluids (250 mL to 500 mL of appropriate intravenous fluid prior to each dose in Cycle 1). If needed, give an additional 250 mL to 500 mL of intravenous fluids following Kyprolis administration. Continue oral and/or intravenous hydration, as needed, in subsequent cycles.
Monitor patients for evidence of volume overload and adjust hydration to individual patient needs, especially in patients with or at risk for cardiac failure [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Monitor serum potassium levels regularly during treatment with Kyprolis [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Premedicate with the recommended dose of dexamethasone for monotherapy or dexamethasone administered as part of the combination therapy [see Recommended Dosage]. Administer dexamethasone orally or intravenously at least 30 minutes but no more than 4 hours prior to all doses of Kyprolis during Cycle 1 to reduce the incidence and severity of infusion-related reactions [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. Reinstate dexamethasone premedication if these symptoms occur during subsequent cycles.
Provide thromboprophylaxis for patients being treated with Kyprolis in combination with other therapies [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Consider antiviral prophylaxis to decrease the risk of herpes zoster reactivation [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
For patients with body surface area (BSA) of 2.2 m2 or less, calculate the Kyprolis dose using actual BSA. Dose adjustments do not need to be made for weight changes of 20% or less.
For patients with a BSA greater than 2.2 m2 , calculate the Kyprolis dose using a BSA of 2.2 m2 .
Kyprolis once weekly 20/70 mg/m2 administered in combination with
The recommended starting dosage of Kyprolis is 20 mg/m2 on Cycle 1, Day 1. If tolerated, escalate the dose to 70 mg/m2 on Cycle 1, Day 8. Administer Kyprolis intravenously as a 30-minute infusion on Days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity as shown in Table 1 [see Clinical Studies]. Administer dexamethasone 30 minutes to 4 hours before Kyprolis and 1 to 3 hours before daratumumab or daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj. For dosage instructions of combination agents with Kyprolis, see Clinical Studies sections (Kd) and (DKd). Refer to the Prescribing Information for dexamethasone, intravenous daratumumab, and subcutaneous daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj for additional dosage information.
Table 1: Kyprolis 20/70 mg/m2 Once Weekly (30-Minute Infusion)
| Cycle 1 | ||||||||||||
| Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | |||||||||
| Day 1 | Day 2 | Days 3-7 | Day 8 | Day 9 | Days 10-14 | Day 15 | Day 16 | Days 17-21 | Day 22 | Day 23 | Days 24-28 | |
| Kyprolis (mg/m2) | 20 | - | - | 70 | - | - | 70 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cycles 2 and later | ||||||||||||
| Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | |||||||||
| Day 1 | Day 2 | Days 3-7 | Day 8 | Day 9 | Days 10-14 | Day 15 | Day 16 | Days 17-21 | Day 22 | Day 23 | Days 24-28 | |
| Kyprolis (mg/m2) | 70 | - | - | 70 | - | - | 70 | - | - | - | - | - |
Kyprolis twice weekly 20/56 mg/m2 administered as monotherapy or in combination with
The recommended starting dosage of Kyprolis is 20 mg/m2 on Cycle 1, Days 1 and 2. If tolerated, escalate the dose to 56 mg/m2 on Cycle 1, Day 8. Administer Kyprolis intravenously as a 30-minute infusion on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of each 28-day cycle as shown in Table 2 until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity [see Clinical Studies (Section 14)]. If given as monotherapy, administer 8 mg dexamethasone orally or intravenously 30 minutes to 4 hours before Kyprolis then as needed to minimize infusionrelated reactions [see Administration Precautions]. Kyprolis given as monotherapy may be omitted on Days 8 and 9 of cycle 13 onward. For dosage instructions of combination agents administered with Kyprolis, see Clinical Studies sections (Kd), (DKd), (Isa-Kd), and (Monotherapy). Refer to the Prescribing Information for dexamethasone, intravenous daratumumab, subcutaneous daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj, and isatuximab for additional dosage information.
Table 2: Kyprolis 20/56 mg/m2 Twice Weekly (30-Minute Infusion)
| Cycle 1 | ||||||||||||
| Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | |||||||||
| Day 1 | Day 2 | Days 3-7 | Day 8 | Day 9 | Days 10-14 | Day 15 | Day 16 | Days 17-21 | Day 22 | Day 23 | Days 24-28 | |
| Kyprolisa (mg/m2) | 20 | 20 | - | 56 | 56 | - | 56 | 56 | - | - | - | - |
| Cycles 2 and later | ||||||||||||
| Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | |||||||||
| Day 1 | Day 2 | Days 3-7 | Day 8 | Day 9 | Days 10-14 | Day 15 | Day 16 | Days 17-21 | Day 22 | Day 23 | Days 24-28 | |
| Kyprolis (mg/m2) | 56 | 56 | - | 56 | 56 | - | 56 | 56 | - | - | - | - |
| a As monotherapy, dexamethasone premedication is required for each Kyprolis dose in Cycle 1. | ||||||||||||
Kyprolis twice weekly 20/27mg/m2 is administered as monotherapy or in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (KRd).
The recommended starting dosage of Kyprolis is 20 mg/m2 in Cycle 1 on Days 1 and 2. If tolerated, escalate the dose to 27 mg/m2 on Day 8 of Cycle 1 and thereafter. Administer Kyprolis intravenously as a 10-minute infusion [see Clinical Studies]. In Cycles 1 through 12, administer Kyprolis on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15 and 16 of each 28-day cycle as shown in Table 3. From Cycle 13, administer Kyprolis on Days 1, 2, 15 and 16 of each 28-day cycle. If given as monotherapy, premedicate with dexamethasone 4 mg orally or intravenously 30 minutes to 4 hours before each Kyprolis dose in Cycle 1, then as needed to minimize infusion-related reactions [see Administration Precautions]. Continue Kyprolis with the regimens shown in Table 3 until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs. When combined with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, discontinue Kyprolis after Cycle 18 and continue lenalidomide and dexamethasone until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs. For dosage instructions of combination agents with Kyprolis, see Clinical Studies sections (KRd) and (Monotherapy). Refer to the Prescribing Information for dexamethasone and lenalidomide for additional dosage information.
Table 3: Kyprolis 20/27 mg/m2 Twice Weekly (10-Minute Infusion)
| Cycle 1 | ||||||||||
| Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | |||||||
| Day 1 | Day 2 | Days 3-7 | Day 8 | Day 9 | Days 10-14 | Day 15 | Day 16 | Days 17-21 | Days 22-28 | |
| Kyprolis (mg/m2)a | 20 | 20 | - | 27 | 27 | - | 27 | 27 | - | - |
| Cycles 2 to 12 | ||||||||||
| Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | |||||||
| Day 1 | Day 2 | Days 3-7 | Day 8 | Day 9 | Days 10-14 | Day 15 | Day 16 | Days 17-21 | Days 22-28 | |
| Kyprolis (mg/m2) | 27 | 27 | - | 27 | 27 | - | 27 | 27 | - | - |
| Cycles 13 and laterb | ||||||||||
| Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | |||||||
| Day 1 | Day 2 | Days 3-7 | Day 8 | Day 9 | Days 10-14 | Day 15 | Day 16 | Days 17-21 | Days 22-28 | |
| Kyprolis (mg/m2) | 27 | 27 | - | - | - | - | 27 | 27 | - | - |
| a Dexamethasone premedication is required for each Kyprolis dose in Cycle 1. b When administered in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, discontinue Kyprolis after Cycle 18. |
||||||||||
Recommended actions and dosage modifications for Kyprolis are presented in Table 4. Dose level reductions are presented in Table 5. See the lenalidomide, intravenous daratumumab, subcutaneous daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj, isatuximab, and dexamethasone Prescribing Information respectively for recommended dosage modifications associated with each product.
Table 4: Dosage Modifications for Adverse Reactionsa
| Hematologic Toxicity [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, ADVERSE REACTIONS] |
Recommended Action |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Renal Toxicity [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] |
Recommended Action |
|
|
| Other Non-hematologic Toxicity [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. |
Recommended Action |
|
|
| ANC = absolute neutrophil count a See Table 10 for dose level reductions. b Grade 3 and 4. |
|
Table 5: Dose Level Reductions for Adverse Reactions
| Regimen | Kyprolis Frequency | Dose | First Dose Reduction | Second Dose Reduction | Third Dose Reduction |
| Kyprolis and Dexamethasone OR Kyprolis, Daratumumab, and Dexamethasone |
Once weekly | 70 mg/m2 | 56 mg/m2 | 45 mg/m2 | 36 mg/m2a |
| Kyprolis and Dexamethasone OR Kyprolis, Daratumumab, and Dexamethasone OR Kyprolis, Isatuximab, and Dexamethasone OR Kyprolis Monotherapy |
Twice weekly | 56 mg/m2 | 45 mg/m2 | 36 mg/m2 | 27 mg/m2a |
| Kyprolis, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone OR Kyprolis Monotherapy |
Twice weekly | 27 mg/m2 | 20 mg/m2 | 15 mg/m2a | - |
| Note: Infusion times remain unchanged during dose reduction(s). a If toxicity persists, discontinue Kyprolis treatment. |
|||||
For patients with mild (total bilirubin 1 to 1.5 x ULN and any AST or total bilirubin ≤ ULN and AST > ULN) or moderate (total bilirubin > 1.5 to 3 x ULN and any AST) hepatic impairment, reduce the dose of Kyprolis by 25% [see Use In Specific Populations, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
For patients with end stage renal disease who are on hemodialysis, administer Kyprolis after the hemodialysis procedure.
Kyprolis vials contain no antimicrobial preservatives and are intended for single-dose only.
The reconstituted solution contains carfilzomib at a concentration of 2 mg/mL.Read the complete preparation instructions prior to reconstitution. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
 |
Table 6: Reconstitution Volumes
| Strength | Amount of Sterile Water for Injection required for reconstitution |
| 10 mg vial | 5 mL |
| 30 mg vial | 15 mL |
| 60 mg vial | 29 mL |
The stabilities of reconstituted Kyprolis under various temperature and container conditions are shown in Table 7.
Table 7: Stability of Reconstituted Kyprolis
| Storage Conditions of Reconstituted Kyprolis | Stabilitya per Container | ||
| Vial | Syringe | Intravenous Bag (D5Wb) |
|
| Refrigerated 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) | 24 hours | 24 hours | 24 hours |
| Room Temperature 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) | 4 hours | 4 hours | 4 hours |
| a Total time from reconstitution to administration should not exceed 24 hours. b 5% Dextrose Injection. |
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10 mg, 30 mg and 60 mg as a white to off-white lyophilized cake or powder in single-dose vial for reconstitution.
Kyprolis (carfilzomib) is supplied as:
Unopened vials should be stored refrigerated 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F). Retain in original package to protect from light.
Manufactured for: Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799 U.S.A. Revised: May 2025
The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling:
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared with rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The pooled safety population described in the Warnings and Precautions reflect exposure to Kyprolis in 2,239 patients administered in combination with other drugs in ASPIRE, ENDEAVOR, A.R.R.O.W., CANDOR, IKEMA, EQUULEUS, and PLEIADES. The most common adverse reactions occurring in at least 20% of patients who received Kyprolis in combination were anemia, diarrhea, hypertension, fatigue, upper respiratory tract infection, thrombocytopenia, pyrexia, cough, dyspnea, and insomnia.
The safety of Kyprolis 20/27 mg/m2 twice weekly in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (KRd) was evaluated in ASPIRE [see Clinical Studies]. The median number of cycles initiated was 22 cycles for the KRd arm and 14 cycles for the Rd arm.
Deaths due to adverse reactions within 30 days of the last dose of any therapy in the KRd arm occurred in 45/392 (12%) patients compared with 42/389 (11%) patients who died due to adverse reactions within 30 days of the last dose of any Rd therapy. The most frequent cause of deaths occurring in patients (%) in the two arms (KRd versus Rd) included infection 12 (3%) versus 11 (3%), cardiac 10 (3%) versus 9 (2%), and other adverse reactions 23 (6%) versus 22 (6%).
Serious adverse reactions were reported in 65% of the patients in the KRd arm and 57% of the patients in the Rd arm. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in the KRd arm as compared with the Rd arm were pneumonia (17% versus 13%), respiratory tract infection (4% versus 2%), pyrexia (4% versus 3%), and pulmonary embolism (3% versus 2%).
Discontinuation due to any adverse reaction occurred in 33% in the KRd arm versus 30% in the Rd arm. Adverse reactions leading to discontinuation of Kyprolis occurred in 12% of patients and the most common reactions included pneumonia (1%), myocardial infarction (0.8%), and upper respiratory tract infection (0.8%). The incidence of cardiac failure events was 7% in the KRd arm versus 4% in the Rd arm.
Table 8 summarizes the adverse reactions in the first 12 cycles in ASPIRE.
Table 8: Adverse Reactions (≥ 10%) Occurring in Cycles 1–12 in Patients Who Received KRd (20/27 mg/m2 Regimen) in ASPIRE
| Adverse Reactions | KRd (N = 392) n (%) |
Rd (N = 389) n (%) |
||
| Any Grade | ≥ Grade 3 | Any Grade | ≥ Grade 3 | |
| Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders | ||||
| Anemia | 138 (35) | 53 (14) | 127 (33) | 47 (12) |
| Neutropenia | 124 (32) | 104 (27) | 115 (30) | 89 (23) |
| Thrombocytopenia | 100 (26) | 58 (15) | 75 (19) | 39 (10) |
| Gastrointestinal Disorders | ||||
| Diarrhea | 119 (30) | 8 (2) | 106 (27) | 12 (3) |
| Constipation | 68 (17) | 0 (0) | 55 (14) | 1 (0) |
| Nausea | 63 (16) | 1 (0) | 43 (11) | 3 (1) |
| General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions | ||||
| Fatigue | 113 (29) | 23 (6) | 107 (28) | 20 (5) |
| Pyrexia | 93 (24) | 5 (1) | 64 (17) | 1 (0) |
| Edema peripheral | 59 (15) | 3 (1) | 48 (12) | 2 (1) |
| Asthenia | 54 (14) | 11 (3) | 49 (13) | 7 (2) |
| Infections | ||||
| Upper respiratory tract infection | 87 (22) | 7 (2) | 54 (14) | 4 (1) |
| Bronchitis | 55 (14) | 5 (1) | 40 (10) | 2 (1) |
| Viral upper respiratory tract infection | 55 (14) | 0 (0) | 44 (11) | 0 (0) |
| Pneumoniaa | 54 (14) | 35 (9) | 43 (11) | 27 (7) |
| Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders | ||||
| Hypokalemia | 78 (20) | 22 (6) | 35 (9) | 12 (3) |
| Hypocalcemia | 55 (14) | 10 (3) | 39 (10) | 5 (1) |
| Hyperglycemia | 43 (11) | 18 (5) | 33 (9) | 15 (4) |
| Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders | ||||
| Muscle spasms | 92 (24) | 3 (1) | 75 (19) | 3 (1) |
| Back pain | 41 (11) | 4 (1) | 54 (14) | 6 (2) |
| Nervous System Disorders | ||||
| Peripheral neuropathiesb | 43 (11) | 7 (2) | 39 (10) | 4 (1) |
| Psychiatric Disorders | ||||
| Insomnia | 64 (16) | 6 (2) | 51 (13) | 8 (2) |
| Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders | ||||
| Coughc | 93 (24) | 2 (1) | 54 (14) | 0 (0) |
| Dyspnead | 71 (18) | 8 (2) | 61 (16) | 6 (2) |
| Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders | ||||
| Rash | 45 (12) | 5 (1) | 54 (14) | 5 (1) |
| Vascular Disorders | ||||
| Embolic and thrombotic eventse | 49 (13) | 16 (4) | 23 (6) | 9 (2) |
| Hypertensionf | 41 (11) | 12 (3) | 15 (4) | 4 (1) |
| KRd = Kyprolis, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone; Rd = lenalidomide and dexamethasone a Pneumonia includes pneumonia and bronchopneumonia. b Peripheral neuropathies includes peripheral neuropathy, peripheral sensory neuropathy, and peripheral motor neuropathy. c Cough includes cough and productive cough. d Dyspnea includes dyspnea and dyspnea exertional. e Embolic and thrombotic events, venous includes deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, thrombophlebitis superficial, thrombophlebitis, venous thrombosis limb, post thrombotic syndrome, venous thrombosis. f Hypertension includes hypertension, hypertensive crisis. |
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There were 274 (70%) patients in the KRd arm who received treatment beyond Cycle 12. There were no new clinically relevant adverse reactions that emerged in the later treatment cycles.
Grade 3 and higher adverse reactions that occurred during Cycles 1–12 with a substantial difference (≥ 2%) between the two arms were neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hypokalemia, and hypophosphatemia.
Table 9 describes Grade 3–4 laboratory abnormalities reported in ASPIRE.
Table 9: Grade 3–4 Laboratory Abnormalities (≥ 10%) in Cycles 1-12 in Patients Who Received KRd (20/27 mg/m2 Regimen) in ASPIRE
| Laboratory Abnormality | KRd (N = 392) n (%) |
Rd (N = 389) n (%) |
| Decreased lymphocytes | 182 (46) | 119 (31) |
| Decreased absolute neutrophil count | 152 (39) | 141 (36) |
| Decreased phosphorus | 122 (31) | 106 (27) |
| Decreased platelets | 101 (26) | 59 (15) |
| Decreased total white blood cell count | 97 (25) | 71 (18) |
| Decreased hemoglobin | 58 (15) | 68 (18) |
| Increased glucose | 53 (14) | 30 (8) |
| Decreased potassium | 41 (11) | 23 (6) |
| KRd = Kyprolis, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone; Rd = lenalidomide and dexamethasone | ||
The safety of Kyprolis in combination with dexamethasone was evaluated in two open-label, randomized trials (ENDEAVOR and A.R.R.O.W.).
The safety of Kyprolis 20/56 mg/m2 twice weekly in combination with dexamethasone (Kd) was evaluated in ENDEAVOR [see Clinical Studies]. Patients received treatment for a median duration of 48 weeks in the Kd arm and 27 weeks in the bortezomib/dexamethasone (Vd) arm.
Deaths due to adverse reactions within 30 days of last study treatment occurred in 32/463 (7%) patients in the Kd arm and 21/456 (5%) patients in the Vd arm. The causes of death occurring in patients (%) in the two arms (Kd versus Vd) included cardiac 4 (1%) versus 5 (1%), infections 8 (2%) versus 8 (2%), disease progression 7 (2%) versus 4 (1%), pulmonary 3 (1%) versus 2 (< 1%), renal 1 (< 1%) versus 0 (0%), and other adverse reactions 9 (2%) versus 2 (< 1%).
Serious adverse reactions were reported in 59% of the patients in the Kd arm and 40% of the patients in the Vd arm. In both arms, pneumonia was the most frequently reported serious adverse reaction (8% versus 9%).
Discontinuation due to any adverse reaction occurred in 29% in the Kd arm versus 26% in the Vd arm. The most frequent adverse reaction leading to discontinuation was cardiac failure in the Kd arm (n = 8, 2%) and peripheral neuropathy in the Vd arm (n = 22, 5%). The incidence of cardiac failure events was 11% in the Kd arm versus 3% in the Vd arm.
Adverse reactions in the first 6 months of therapy that occurred at a rate of 10% or greater in the Kd arm are presented in Table 10.
Table 10: Adverse Reactions (≥ 10%) Occurring in Months 1–6 in Patients Who Received Kd (20/56 mg/m2 Regimen) in ENDEAVOR
| Adverse Reactions | Kd (N = 463) n (%) |
Vd (N = 456) n (%) |
||
| Any Grade | Grade ≥ 3 | Any Grade | Grade ≥ 3 | |
| Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders | ||||
| Anemia | 161 (35) | 57 (12) | 112 (25) | 43 (9) |
| Thrombocytopeniaa | 125 (27) | 45 (10) | 112 (25) | 64 (14) |
| Gastrointestinal Disorders | ||||
| Diarrhea | 117 (25) | 14 (3) | 14 (3) | 27 (6) |
| Nausea | 70 (15) | 4 (1) | 68 (15) | 3 (1) |
| Constipation | 60 (13) | 1 (0) | 113 (25) | 6 (1) |
| Vomiting | 45 (10) | 5 (1) | 33 (7) | 3 (1) |
| General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions | ||||
| Fatigue | 116 (25) | 14 (3) | 126 (28) | 25 (6) |
| Pyrexia | 102 (22) | 9 (2) | 52 (11) | 3 (1) |
| Asthenia | 73 (16) | 9 (2) | 65 (14) | 13 (3) |
| Peripheral edema | 62 (13) | 3 (1) | 62 (14) | 3 (1) |
| Infections | ||||
| Upper respiratory tract infection | 67 (15) | 4 (1) | 55 (12) | 3 (1) |
| Bronchitis | 54 (12) | 5 (1) | 25 (6) | 2 (0) |
| Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders | ||||
| Muscle spasms | 70 (15) | 1 (0) | 23 (5) | 3 (1) |
| Back pain | 64 (14) | 8 (2) | 61 (13) | 10 (2) |
| Nervous System Disorders | ||||
| Headache | 67 (15) | 4 (1) | 39 (9) | 2 (0) |
| Peripheral neuropathiesb,c | 56 (12) | 7 (2) | 170 (37) | 23 (5) |
| Psychiatric Disorders | ||||
| Insomnia | 105 (23) | 5 (1) | 116 (25) | 10 (2) |
| Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders | ||||
| Dyspnead | 128 (28) | 23 (5) | 69 (15) | 8 (2) |
| Coughe | 97 (21) | 0 (0) | 61 (13) | 2 (0) |
| Vascular Disorders | ||||
| Hypertensionf | 83 (18) | 30 (7) | 33 (7) | 12 (3) |
| Kd = Kyprolis and dexamethasone; Vd = bortezomib and dexamethasone a Thrombocytopenia includes platelet count decreased and thrombocytopenia. b Peripheral neuropathies includes peripheral neuropathy, peripheral sensory neuropathy, and peripheral motor neuropathy. c See Clinical Studies. d Dyspnea includes dyspnea and dyspnea exertional. e Cough includes cough and productive cough. f Hypertension includes hypertension, hypertensive crisis, and hypertensive emergency. |
||||
The event rate of ≥ Grade 2 peripheral neuropathy in the Kd arm was 7% (95% CI: 5, 9) versus 35% (95% CI: 31, 39) in the Vd arm.
Table 11 describes Grade 3–4 laboratory abnormalities reported at a rate of ≥ 10% in the Kd arm.
Table 11: Grade 3–4 Laboratory Abnormalities (≥ 10%) in Months 1–6 in Patients Who Received Kd (20/56 mg/m2 Regimen) in ENDEAVOR
| Laboratory Abnormality | Kd (N = 463) n (%) |
Vd (N = 456) n (%) |
| Decreased lymphocytes | 249 (54) | 180 (40) |
| Increased uric acid | 244 (53) | 198 (43) |
| Decreased hemoglobin | 79 (17) | 68 (15) |
| Decreased platelets | 85 (18) | 77 (17) |
| Decreased phosphorus | 74 (16) | 61 (13) |
| Decreased creatinine clearancea | 65 (14) | 49 (11) |
| Increased potassium | 55 (12) | 21 (5) |
| Kd = Kyprolis and dexamethasone; Vd = bortezomib and dexamethasone a Calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula. |
||
The safety of Kyprolis in combination with dexamethasone was evaluated in A.R.R.O.W. [see Clinical Studies]. Patients received treatment for a median duration of 38 weeks in the Kd 20/70 mg/m2 arm once weekly and 29.1 weeks in the Kd 20/27 mg/m2 twice weekly arm. The safety profile for the once weekly Kd 20/70 mg/m2 regimen was similar to the twice weekly Kd 20/27 mg/m2 regimen.
Deaths due to adverse reactions within 30 days of last study treatment occurred in 22/238 (9%) patients in the Kd 20/70 mg/m2 arm and 18/235 (8%) patients in the Kd 20/27 mg/m2 arm. The most frequent fatal adverse reactions occurring in patients (%) in the two arms (once weekly Kd 20/70 mg/m2 versus twice weekly Kd 20/27 mg/m2 ) were sepsis 2 (< 1%) versus 2 (< 1%), septic shock 2 (< 1%) versus 1 (< 1%), and infection 2 (< 1%) versus 0 (0%).
Serious adverse reactions were reported in 43% of the patients in the Kd 20/70 mg/m2 arm and 41% of the patients in the Kd 20/27 mg/m2 arm. In both arms, pneumonia was the most frequently reported serious adverse reaction (8% versus 7%).
Discontinuation due to any adverse reaction occurred in 13% in the Kd 20/70 mg/m2 arm versus 12% in the Kd 20/27 mg/m2 arm. The most frequent adverse reaction leading to discontinuation was acute kidney injury (2% versus 2%). The incidence of cardiac failure events was 3.8% in the once weekly Kd 20/70 mg/m2 arm versus 5.1% in the twice weekly Kd 20/27 mg/m2 arm.
Adverse reactions that occurred at a rate of 10% or greater in either Kd arm are presented in Table 12.
Table 12: Adverse Reactions in Patients Who Received Kd (≥ 10% in either Kd Arm) in A.R.R.O.W.
| Adverse Reactions | Once weekly Kd 20/70 mg/m2 (N = 238) n (%) |
Twice weekly Kd 20/27 mg/m2 (N = 235) n (%) |
||
| Any Grade | Grade ≥ 3 | Any Grade | Grade ≥ 3 | |
| Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders | ||||
| Anemiaa | 64 (27) | 42 (18) | 76 (32) | 42 (18) |
| Thrombocytopeniab | 53 (22) | 26 (11) | 41 (17) | 27 (12) |
| Neutropeniac | 30 (13) | 21 (9) | 27 (12) | 17 (7) |
| Gastrointestinal Disorders | ||||
| Diarrhea | 44 (19) | 2 (1) | 47 (20) | 3 (1) |
| Nausea | 34 (14) | 1 (< 1) | 26 (11) | 2 (1) |
| General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions | ||||
| Pyrexia | 55 (23) | 2 (1) | 38 (16) | 4 (2) |
| Fatigue | 48 (20) | 11 (5) | 47 (20) | 5 (2) |
| Asthenia | 24 (10) | 3 (1) | 25 (11) | 2 (1) |
| Peripheral edema | 18 (8) | 0 (0) | 25 (11) | 2 (1) |
| Infections | ||||
| Respiratory tract infectiond | 70 (29) | 7 (3) | 79 (34) | 7 (3) |
| Pneumonia | 28 (12) | 24 (10) | 20 (9) | 16 (7) |
| Bronchitis | 27 (11) | 2 (1) | 25 (11) | 5 (2) |
| Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders | ||||
| Back pain | 28 (12) | 2 (1) | 28 (12) | 4 (2) |
| Nervous System Disorders | ||||
| Headache | 25 (11) | 1 (< 1) | 23 (10) | 1 (< 1) |
| Psychiatric Disorders | ||||
| Insomnia | 35 (15) | 2 (1) | 47 (20) | 0 (0) |
| Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders | ||||
| Coughe | 37 (16) | 2 (1) | 31 (13) | 0 (0) |
| Dyspneaf | 28 (12) | 1 (< 1) | 26 (11) | 2 (1) |
| Vascular Disorders | ||||
| Hypertensiong | 51 (21) | 13 (6) | 48 (20) | 12 (5) |
| Kd = Kyprolis and dexamethasone a Anemia includes anemia, hematocrit decreased, and hemoglobin decreased. b Thrombocytopenia includes platelet count decreased and thrombocytopenia. c Neutropenia includes neutrophil count decreased and neutropenia. d Respiratory tract infection includes respiratory tract infection, lower respiratory tract infection, upper respiratory tract infection, and viral upper respiratory tract infection. e Cough includes cough and productive cough. f Dyspnea includes dyspnea and dyspnea exertional. g Hypertension includes hypertension and hypertensive crisis. |
||||
The safety of Kyprolis in combination with intravenous daratumumab and dexamethasone was evaluated in two trials (CANDOR and EQUULEUS).
The safety of Kyprolis 20/56 mg/m2 twice weekly in combination with intravenous daratumumab and dexamethasone (DKd) was evaluated in CANDOR [see Clinical Studies]. Patients received Kyprolis for a median duration of 58 weeks in the DKd arm and 40 weeks in the Kd arm.
Serious adverse reactions were reported in 56% of the patients in the DKd arm and 46% of the patients in the Kd arm. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in the DKd arm as compared with the Kd arm were pneumonia (14% versus 9%), pyrexia (4.2% versus 2.0%), influenza (3.9% versus 1.3%), sepsis (3.9% versus 1.3%), anemia (2.3% versus 0.7%), bronchitis (1.9% versus 0%) and diarrhea (1.6% versus 0%). Fatal adverse reactions within 30 days of the last dose of any study treatment occurred in 10% of 308 patients in the DKd arm compared with 5% of 153 patients in the Kd arm. The most frequent fatal adverse reaction (DKd versus Kd) was infection 4.5% versus 2.6%.
Permanent discontinuation due to an adverse reaction in patients who received Kyprolis occurred in 21% of patients in the DKd arm versus 22% in the Kd arm. The most frequent adverse reactions leading to discontinuation of Kyprolis were cardiac failure (1.9%) and fatigue (1.9%) in the DKd arm and cardiac failure (2.0%), hypertension (2.0%) and acute kidney injury (2.0%) in the Kd arm. Interruption of Kyprolis due to adverse reactions occurred in 71% of patients in DKd arm versus 63% in the Kd arm. Dose reduction of Kyprolis due to adverse reactions occurred in 25% of patients in DKd arm versus 20% in the Kd arm.
Infusion-related reactions that occurred following the first Kyprolis dose was 13% in the DKd arm versus 1% in the Kd arm.
Table 13 summarizes the adverse reactions in CANDOR.
Table 13: Adverse Reactions (≥ 15%) in Patients Who Received either DKd or Kd (20/56 mg/m2 Regimen) in CANDOR
| Adverse Reactions | Twice weekly DKd (N = 308) |
Twice weekly Kd (N = 153) |
||
| All Grades (%) |
Grade 3 or 4 (%) |
All Grades (%) |
Grade 3 or 4 (%) |
|
| General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions | ||||
| Infusion-related reactiona | 41 | 12 | 28 | 5 |
| Fatigueb | 32 | 11 | 28 | 8 |
| Pyrexia | 20 | 1.9 | 15 | 0.7 |
| Infections | ||||
| Respiratory tract infectionc | 40g | 7 | 29 | 3.3 |
| Pneumonia | 18g | 13 | 12 | 9 |
| Bronchitis | 17 | 2.6 | 12 | 1.3 |
| Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders | ||||
| Thrombocytopeniad | 37 | 25 | 30 | 16 |
| Anemiae | 33 | 17 | 31 | 14 |
| Gastrointestinal Disorders | ||||
| Diarrhea | 32 | 3.9 | 14 | 0.7 |
| Nausea | 18 | 0 | 13 | 0.7 |
| Vascular Disorders | ||||
| Hypertension | 31 | 18 | 28 | 13 |
| Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders | ||||
| Coughf | 21 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
| Dyspnea | 20 | 3.9 | 22 | 2.6 |
| Psychiatric Disorders | ||||
| Insomnia | 18 | 3.9 | 11 | 2.0 |
| Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders | ||||
| Back pain | 16 | 1.9 | 10 | 1.3 |
| DKd = Kyprolis, daratumumab, and dexamethasone; Kd = Kyprolis and dexamethasone a The incidence of infusion related reactions is based on a group of symptoms (including hypertension, pyrexia, rash, myalgia, hypotension, blood pressure increased, urticaria, acute kidney injury, bronchospasm, face edema, hypersensitivity, syncope, wheezing, eye pruritus, eyelid edema, renal failure, swelling face) related to infusion reactions which occurred within 1 day after DKd or Kd administration. b Fatigue includes fatigue and asthenia. c Respiratory tract infection includes respiratory tract infection, lower respiratory tract infection, upper respiratory tract infection and viral upper respiratory tract infection. d Thrombocytopenia includes platelet count decreased and thrombocytopenia. e Anemia includes anemia, hematocrit decreased and hemoglobin decreased. f Cough includes productive cough and cough. g Includes fatal adverse reactions. |
||||
The safety of Kyprolis 20/70 mg/m2 once weekly in combination with intravenous daratumumab and dexamethasone (DKd) was evaluated in EQUULEUS [see Clinical Studies]. Patients received Kyprolis for a median duration of 66 weeks.
Serious adverse reactions were reported in 48% of patients. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported were pneumonia (4.7%), upper respiratory tract infection (4.7%), basal cell carcinoma (4.7%), influenza (3.5%), general physical health deterioration (3.5%) and hypercalcemia (3.5%). Fatal adverse reactions within 30 days of the last dose of any study treatment occurred in 3.5% of patients who died of general physical health deterioration, multi-organ failure secondary to pulmonary aspergillosis, and disease progression.
Discontinuation of Kyprolis occurred in 19% of patients. The most frequent adverse reaction leading to discontinuation was asthenia (2%). Interruption of Kyprolis due to adverse reactions occurred in 77% of patients. Dose reduction of Kyprolis due to adverse reactions occurred in 31% of patients in DKd.
Infusion-related reactions that occurred following the first Kyprolis dose was 11%. Pulmonary hypertension adverse reactions were reported in 4.7% of patients in EQUULEUS.
Table 14 summarizes the adverse reactions in EQUULEUS.
Table 14: Adverse Reactions (≥ 15%) in Patients Who Received DKd (20/70 mg/m2 Regimen) in EQUULEUS
| Adverse Reactions | Once weekly DKd (N = 85) |
|
| All Grades (%) |
Grade 3 or 4 (%) |
|
| Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders | ||
| Thrombocytopeniaa | 68 | 32 |
| Anemiab | 52 | 21 |
| Neutropeniac | 31 | 21 |
| Lymphopeniad | 29 | 25 |
| General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions | ||
| Fatiguee | 54 | 18 |
| Infusion-related reactionf | 53 | 12 |
| Pyrexia | 37 | 1.2 |
| Infections | ||
| Respiratory tract infectiong | 53 | 3.5 |
| Bronchitis | 19 | 0 |
| Nasopharyngitis | 18 | 0 |
| Influenza | 17 | 3.5 |
| Gastrointestinal Disorders | ||
| Nausea | 42 | 1.2 |
| Vomiting | 40 | 1.2 |
| Diarrhea | 38 | 2.4 |
| Constipation | 17 | 0 |
| Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders | ||
| Dyspnea | 35 | 3.5 |
| Coughh | 33 | 0 |
| Vascular Disorders | ||
| Hypertension | 33 | 20 |
| Psychiatric Disorders | ||
| Insomnia | 33 | 4.7 |
| Nervous System Disorders | ||
| Headache | 27 | 1.2 |
| Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders | ||
| Back pain | 25 | 0 |
| Pain in extremity | 15 | 0 |
| DKd = Kyprolis, daratumumab, and dexamethasone; Kd = Kyprolis and dexamethasone a Thrombocytopenia includes platelet count decreased and thrombocytopenia. b Anemia includes anemia, hematocrit decreased and hemoglobin decreased. c Neutropenia includes neutrophil count decreased and neutropenia. d Lymphopenia includes lymphocyte count decreased and lymphopenia. e Fatigue includes fatigue and asthenia. f The incidence of infusion related reactions is based on a group of symptoms (including hypertension, pyrexia, rash, myalgia, hypotension, blood pressure increased, urticaria, acute kidney injury, bronchospasm, face edema, hypersensitivity, syncope, wheezing, eye pruritus, eyelid edema, renal failure, swelling face) related to infusion reactions which occurred within 1 day after DKd administration. |
||
The safety of Kyprolis in combination with daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj and dexamethasone was evaluated in PLEIADES [see Clinical Studies].
The safety of Kyprolis in combination with daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj and dexamethasone (DKd) was evaluated in a single-arm cohort of PLEIADES. Patients received Kyprolis as a 30-minute IV infusion once weekly for three weeks (Days 1, 8, and 15), followed by a 13-day rest period (Days 16 to 28) and continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (N=66) in combination with daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj and dexamethasone. Among these patients, 77% were exposed for 6 months or longer and 27% were exposed for greater than one year.
Serious adverse reactions occurred in 27% of patients who received Kyprolis in combination with daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj and dexamethasone. Fatal adverse reactionsoccurred in 3% of patients who received Kyprolis in combination with daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj and dexamethasone.
Permanent discontinuation of Kyprolis due to an adverse reaction occurred in 6% of patients who received Kyprolis.
Dosage interruptions due to an adverse reaction occurred in 46% of patients who received Kyprolis.
The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were upper respiratory tract infection, fatigue, insomnia, hypertension, diarrhea, cough, dyspnea, headache, pyrexia, nausea and edema peripheral.
Table 15 summarizes the adverse reactions in patients who received Kyprolis with subcutaneous daratumumab and dexamethasone (DKd) in PLEIADES.
Table 15: Adverse Reactions (≥10%) in Patients Who Received Kyprolis with Subcutaneous Daratumumab and Dexamethasone (DKd) in PLEIADES
| Adverse Reaction | DKd (N=66) |
|
| All Grades (%) |
Grade ≥3 (%) |
|
| Infections and infestations | ||
| Upper respiratory tract infectiona | 52 | 0 |
| Bronchitisb | 12 | 2# |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | ||
| Fatiguec | 39 | 2# |
| Pyrexia | 21 | 2# |
| Edema peripherald | 20 | 0 |
| Psychiatric disorders | ||
| Insomnia | 33 | 6# |
| Vascular disorders | ||
| Hypertensione | 32 | 21# |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | ||
| Diarrhea | 29 | 0 |
| Nausea | 21 | 0 |
| Vomiting | 15 | 0 |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | ||
| Coughf | 24 | 0 |
| Dyspneag | 23 | 2# |
| Nervous system disorders | ||
| Headache | 23 | 0 |
| Peripheral sensory neuropathy | 11 | 0 |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | ||
| Back pain | 17 | 2# |
| Musculoskeletal chest pain | 11 | 0 |
| a Upper respiratory tract infection includes nasopharyngitis, pharyngitis, respiratory tract infection, respiratory tract infection viral, rhinitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, upper respiratory tract infection, viral pharyngitis, and viral upper respiratory tract infection. b Bronchitis includes bronchitis, and bronchitis viral. c Fatigue includes asthenia, and fatigue. d Edema peripheral includes generalized edema, edema peripheral, and peripheral swelling. e Hypertension includes blood pressure increased, and hypertension. f Cough includes cough, and productive cough. g Dyspnea includes dyspnea, and dyspnea exertional. # Only Grade 3 adverse reactions occurred. |
||
Clinically relevant adverse reactions in <10% of patients who received Kyprolis with subcutaneous daratumumab and dexamethasone include:
Table 16: Select Laboratory Abnormalities (≥30%) Worsening from Baseline in Patients Who Received DKd in PLEIADES
| Laboratory Abnormality | DKda | |
| All Grades (%) | Grades 3-4 (%) | |
| Decreased platelets | 88 | 18 |
| Decreased lymphocytes | 83 | 50 |
| Decreased leukocytes | 68 | 18 |
| Decreased neutrophils | 55 | 15 |
| Decreased hemoglobin | 47 | 6 |
| Decreased corrected calcium | 45 | 2 |
| Increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) | 35 | 5 |
| a Denominator is based on the safety population treated with DKd (N=66). | ||
The safety of Kyprolis in combination with isatuximab and dexamethasone was evaluated in IKEMA, a randomized, open-label clinical trial in patients with previously treated multiple myeloma [see Clinical Studies]. Patients received Kyprolis 20/56 mg/m2 twice weekly in combination with isatuximab and dexamethasone (Isa-Kd) (n=177) or Kyprolis and dexamethasone (Kd) (n=122). Among patients receiving Isa-Kd, the median exposure to Kyprolis was 65 weeks.
Serious adverse reactions occurred in 59% of patients receiving Isa-Kd. The most frequent serious adverse reactions in >5% of patients who received Isa-Kd were pneumonia (25%) and upper respiratory tract infections (9%). Adverse reactions with a fatal outcome during treatment were reported in 3.4% of patients in the Isa-Kd group (those occurring in more than 1% of patients were pneumonia occurring in 1.7% and cardiac failure in 1.1% of patients).
Permanent treatment discontinuation due to an adverse reaction (grades 1-4) occurred in 8% of patients who received Isa-Kd. The most frequent adverse reactions requiring permanent discontinuation in patients who received Isa-Kd were infections (2.8%).
Dosage interruptions due to an adverse reaction occurred in 4% of patients who received Kyprolis in the Isa-Kd group. The most frequent adverse reactions requiring dosage interruption in patients who received Kyprolis in the Isa-Kd group were administration site extravasation (1.1%) and infusion site extravasation (1.1%).
Dose reductions or omissions of Kyprolis due to an adverse reaction in the Isa-Kd group occurred in 67% of patients. Adverse reactions which required dose reductions or omissions in >10% of patients who received Kyprolis in the Isa-Kd group were upper respiratory tract infection (12.4%) and hypertension (11.9%).
The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were upper respiratory tract infection, infusionrelated reactions, fatigue, hypertension, diarrhea, pneumonia, dyspnea, insomnia, bronchitis, cough and back pain.
Table 17 summarizes the adverse reactions in IKEMA.
Table 17: Adverse Reactions (≥10%) in Patients Who Received Kyprolis with Isatuximab and Dexamethasone (Isa-Kd) in IKEMA
| Adverse Reactions | Isa-Kd (N = 177) |
Kd (N = 122) |
||
| All Grades (%) |
Grade 3 or 4 (%) |
All Grades (%) |
Grade 3 or 4 (%) |
|
| Infections | ||||
| Upper respiratory tract infectiona | 67 | 9 | 57 | 7 |
| Pneumoniab | 36 | 22 | 30 | 18 |
| Bronchitisc | 24 | 2.3 | 13 | 0.8 |
| General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions | ||||
| Infusion-related reactiond | 46 | 0.6 | 3.3 | 0 |
| Fatiguee | 42 | 5 | 32 | 3.3 |
| Vascular Disorders | ||||
| Hypertensionf | 37 | 21 | 32 | 20 |
| Gastrointestinal Disorders | ||||
| Diarrhea | 36 | 2.8 | 29 | 2.5 |
| Vomiting | 15 | 1.1 | 9 | 0.8 |
| Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders | ||||
| Dyspneag | 29 | 5 | 24 | 0.8 |
| Coughh | 23 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| Isa-Kd = Kyprolis, isatuximab, and dexamethasone a Upper respiratory tract infection includes acute sinusitis, chronic sinusitis, H1N1 influenza, H3N2 influenza, influenza, laryngitis, laryngitis viral, nasal herpes, nasopharyngitis, pharyngitis, pharyngotonsillitis, respiratory syncytial virus infection, rhinitis, sinusitis, sinusitis bacterial, tonsillitis, tracheitis, upper respiratory tract infection, viral rhinitis, respiratory tract infection, respiratory tract infection viral, influenza like illness, parainfluenzae virus infection, respiratory tract infection bacterial, and viral upper respiratory tract infection. b Pneumonia includes atypical pneumonia, lower respiratory tract infection, lower respiratory tract infection viral, pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, pneumonia, pneumonia influenzal, pneumonia legionella, pneumonia pneumococcal, pneumonia respiratory syncytial viral, pneumonia streptococcal, pneumonia viral, pulmonary sepsis, and pulmonary tuberculosis. c Bronchitis includes bronchitis, bronchitis viral, respiratory syncytial virus bronchitis, bronchitis chronic, and tracheobronchitis. d Infusion-related reaction includes infusion-related reaction, cytokine release syndrome, and hypersensitivity. e Fatigue includes fatigue and asthenia. f Hypertension includes hypertension, blood pressure increased, and hypertensive crisis. g Dyspnea includes dyspnea and dyspnea exertional. h Cough includes cough, productive cough, and allergic cough. |
||||
Table 18 summarizes the laboratory abnormalities in patients who received Kyprolis with isatuximab and dexamethasone versus Kyprolis with dexamethasone in IKEMA.
Table 18: Hematology Laboratory Abnormalities During the Treatment Period in Patients Who Received Isa-Kd versus Kd in IKEMA
| Laboratory Abnormality | Isa-Kda (N=177) |
Kd (N=122) |
||
| All Grades (%) |
Grades 3-4 (%) |
All Grades (%) |
Grades 3-4 (%) |
|
| Hemoglobin decreased | 99 | 22 | 99 | 20 |
| Lymphocytes decreased | 94 | 69 | 95 | 57 |
| Platelets decreased | 94 | 30 | 88 | 24 |
| Neutrophils decreased | 55 | 20 | 43 | 8 |
| a Denominator is based on the safety population. | ||||
The safety of Kyprolis 20/27 mg/m2 as a 10-minute infusion was evaluated in clinical trials consisting of 598 patients with relapsed and/or refractory myeloma [see Clinical Studies]. Premedication with dexamethasone 4 mg was required before each dose in Cycle 1 and was optional for subsequent cycles. The median age was 64 years (range 32–87), and approximately 57% were male. The patients received a median of 5 (range 1–20) prior regimens. The median number of cycles initiated was 4 (range 1–35).
Deaths due to adverse reactions within 30 days of the last dose of Kyprolis occurred in 30/598 (5%) patients receiving Kyprolis monotherapy. These adverse reactions were related to cardiac disorders in 10 (2%) patients, infections in 8 (1%) patients, renal disorders in 4 (< 1%) patients, and other adverse reactions in 8 (1%) patients.
Serious adverse reactions were reported in 50% of patients in the pooled Kyprolis monotherapy studies (N = 598). The most frequent serious adverse reactions were: pneumonia (8%), acute renal failure (5%), disease progression (4%), pyrexia (3%), hypercalcemia (3%), congestive heart failure (3%), multiple myeloma (3%), anemia (2%), and dyspnea (2%).
In FOCUS, a randomized trial comparing Kyprolis as a single agent versus corticosteroids with optional oral cyclophosphamide for patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma, mortality was higher in the patients treated with Kyprolis in comparison to the control arm in the subgroup of 48 patients ≥ 75 years of age. The most common cause of discontinuation due to an adverse reaction was acute renal failure (2%).
Safety of Kyprolis monotherapy dosed at 20/56 mg/m2 by 30-minute infusion was evaluated in a multicenter, open-label study in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma [see Clinical Studies]. The patients received a median of 4 (range 1–10) prior regimens.
Adverse reactions occurring with Kyprolis monotherapy are presented in Table 19.
Table 19: Adverse Reactions (≥ 20%) with Kyprolis Monotherapy
| Adverse Reactions | 20/56 mg/m2 by 30-minute infusion (N = 24) |
20/27 mg/m2 by 2- to 10-minute infusion (N = 598) |
||
| All Grades n (%) |
Grades 3-5 n (%) |
All Grades n (%) |
Grades 3-5 n (%) |
|
| Fatigue | 14 (58) | 2 (8) | 238 (40) | 25 (4) |
| Dyspneaa | 14 (58) | 2 (8) | 202 (34) | 21 (4) |
| Pyrexia | 14 (58) | 0 | 177 (30) | 11 (2) |
| Thrombocytopenia | 13 (54) | 13 (54) | 220 (37) | 152 (25) |
| Nausea | 13 (54) | 0 | 211 (35) | 7 (1) |
| Anemia | 10 (42) | 7 (29) | 291 (49) | 141 (24) |
| Hypertensionb | 10 (42) | 3 (13) | 90 (15) | 22 (4) |
| Chills | 9 (38) | 0 | 73 (12) | 1 (< 1) |
| Headache | 8 (33) | 0 | 141 (24) | 7 (1) |
| Coughc | 8 (33) | 0 | 134 (22) | 2 (< 1) |
| Vomiting | 8 (33) | 0 | 104 (17) | 4 (1) |
| Lymphopenia | 8 (33) | 8 (33) | 85 (14) | 73 (12) |
| Insomnia | 7 (29) | 0 | 75 (13) | 0 |
| Dizziness | 7 (29) | 0 | 64 (11) | 5 (1) |
| Diarrhea | 6 (25) | 1 (4) | 160 (27) | 8 (1) |
| Blood creatinine increased | 6 (25) | 1 (4) | 103 (17) | 15 (3) |
| Peripheral edema | 5 (21) | 0 | 118 (20) | 1 (< 1) |
| Back pain | 5 (21) | 1 (4) | 115 (19) | 19 (3) |
| Upper respiratory tract infection | 5 (21) | 1 (4) | 112 (19) | 15 (3) |
| Decreased appetite | 5 (21) | 0 | 89 (15) | 2 (< 1) |
| Muscle spasms | 5 (21) | 0 | 62 (10) | 2 (< 1) |
| Chest pain | 5 (21) | 0 | 20 (3) | 1 (< 1) |
| a Dyspnea includes dyspnea and dyspnea exertional. b Hypertension includes hypertension, hypertensive crisis, and hypertensive emergency. c Cough includes cough and productive cough. |
||||
Grade 3 and higher adverse reactions occurring at an incidence of > 1% include febrile neutropenia, cardiac arrest, cardiac failure congestive, pain, sepsis, urinary tract infection, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia, renal failure, renal failure acute, renal impairment, pulmonary edema, and hypotension.
Table 20 describes Grade 3–4 laboratory abnormalities reported at a rate of > 10% for patients who received Kyprolis monotherapy.
Table 20: Grade 3–4 Laboratory Abnormalities (> 10%) with Kyprolis Monotherapy
| Laboratory Abnormality | Kyprolis 20/56 mg/m2 (N = 24) |
Kyprolis 20/27 mg/m2 (N = 598) |
| Decreased lymphocytes | 15 (63) | 151 (25) |
| Decreased platelets | 11 (46) | 184 (31) |
| Decreased hemoglobin | 7 (29) | 132 (22) |
| Decreased total white blood cell count | 3 (13) | 71 (12) |
| Decreased sodium | 2 (8) | 69 (12) |
| Decreased absolute neutrophil count | 2 (8) | 67 (11) |
The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of Kyprolis. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure: hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), hepatitis B virus reactivation, gastrointestinal perforation, pericarditis, and cytomegalovirus infection, including chorioretinitis, pneumonitis, enterocolitis, viremia, intestinal obstruction, and acute pancreatitis.
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New onset or worsening of pre-existing cardiac failure (e.g., congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, decreased ejection fraction), cardiomyopathy, myocardial ischemia, and myocardial infarction including fatalities have occurred following administration of Kyprolis. Some events occurred in patients with normal baseline ventricular function. In clinical studies with Kyprolis, these events occurred throughout the course of Kyprolis therapy. Death due to cardiac arrest has occurred within one day of Kyprolis administration. In randomized, open-label, multicenter trials for combination therapies, the incidence of cardiac failure events was 8% and that of arrythmias was 8% (majority of which were atrial fibrillation and sinus tachycardia) [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Monitor patients for clinical signs or symptoms of cardiac failure or cardiac ischemia. Evaluate promptly if cardiac toxicity is suspected. Withhold Kyprolis for Grade 3 or 4 cardiac adverse reactions until recovery and consider whether to restart Kyprolis at 1 dose level reduction based on a benefit/risk assessment [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
While adequate hydration is required prior to each dose in Cycle 1, monitor all patients for evidence of volume overload, especially patients at risk for cardiac failure. Adjust total fluid intake as clinically appropriate in patients with baseline cardiac failure or who are at risk for cardiac failure [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
In patients ≥ 75 years of age, the risk of cardiac failure is increased compared to younger patients. Patients with New York Heart Association Class III and IV heart failure, recent myocardial infarction, conduction abnormalities, angina, or arrhythmias uncontrolled by medications were not eligible for the clinical trials. These patients may be at greater risk for cardiac complications; for these patients, complete a comprehensive medical assessment (including blood pressure control and fluid management) prior to starting treatment with Kyprolis and remain under close follow-up [see Use In Specific Populations].
Cases of acute renal failure have occurred in patients receiving Kyprolis. Some of these events have been fatal. Renal insufficiency (including renal failure) has occurred in approximately 9% of patients who received Kyprolis. Acute renal failure was reported more frequently in patients with advanced relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who received Kyprolis monotherapy. The risk of fatal renal failure was greater in patients with a baseline reduced estimated creatinine clearance (calculated using Cockcroft-Gault equation).
Monitor renal function with regular measurement of the serum creatinine and/or estimated creatinine clearance. Reduce or withhold dose as appropriate [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Cases of TLS, including fatal outcomes, have been reported in patients who received Kyprolis. Patients with multiple myeloma and a high tumor burden should be considered to be at greater risk for TLS.
Administer oral and intravenous fluids before administration of Kyprolis in Cycle 1 and in subsequent cycles as needed. Consider uric acid-lowering drugs in patients at risk for TLS. Monitor for TLS during treatment and manage promptly, including interruption of Kyprolis until TLS is resolved [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and acute respiratory failure have occurred in approximately 2% of patients who received Kyprolis. In addition, acute diffuse infiltrative pulmonary disease, such as pneumonitis and interstitial lung disease, occurred in approximately 2% of patients who received Kyprolis. Some events were fatal.
In the event of drug-induced pulmonary toxicity, discontinue Kyprolis.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension was reported in approximately 2% of patients who received Kyprolis, with Grade 3 or greater in less than 1%.
Evaluate with cardiac imaging and/or other tests as indicated. Withhold Kyprolis for pulmonary hypertension until resolved or returned to baseline and consider whether to restart Kyprolis based on a benefit/risk assessment.
Dyspnea was reported in 25% of patients treated with Kyprolis, with Grade 3 or greater in 4%.
Evaluate dyspnea to exclude cardiopulmonary conditions including cardiac failure and pulmonary syndromes. Stop Kyprolis for Grade 3 or 4 dyspnea until resolved or returned to baseline. Consider whether to restart Kyprolis based on a benefit/risk assessment [see Cardiac Toxicities , Pulmonary Toxicity and ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Hypertension, including hypertensive crisis and hypertensive emergency, has been observed with Kyprolis. In ASPIRE, the incidence of hypertension events was 17% in the KRd arm versus 9% in the Rd arm. In ENDEAVOR, the incidence of hypertension events was 34% in the Kd arm versus 11% in the Vd arm. In CANDOR, the incidence of hypertension events was 31% in the DKd arm versus 28% in the Kd arm. Some of these events have been fatal.
Optimize blood pressure prior to starting Kyprolis. Monitor blood pressure regularly in all patients while on Kyprolis. If hypertension cannot be adequately controlled, withhold Kyprolis and evaluate. Consider whether to restart Kyprolis based on a benefit/risk assessment.
Venous thromboembolic events (including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) have been observed with Kyprolis. In ASPIRE, with thromboprophylaxis used in both arms, the incidence of venous thromboembolic events in the first 12 cycles was 13% in the KRd arm versus 6% in the Rd arm. In ENDEAVOR, the incidence of venous thromboembolic events in months 1–6 was 9% in the Kd arm versus 2% in the Vd arm. With Kyprolis monotherapy, the incidence of venous thromboembolic events was 2% [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Provide thromboprophylaxis for patients being treated with Kyprolis in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone; with dexamethasone; or with intravenous daratumumab and dexamethasone. Select the thromboprophylaxis regimen based on the patient’s underlying risks.For patients using oral contraceptives or hormonal contraception associated with a risk of thrombosis, consider non-hormonal contraception during treatment when Kyprolis is administered in combination [see Use In Specific Populations].
Infusion-related reactions, including life-threatening reactions, have occurred in patients receiving Kyprolis. Signs and symptoms include fever, chills, arthralgia, myalgia, facial flushing, facial edema, laryngeal edema, vomiting, weakness, shortness of breath, hypotension, syncope, chest tightness, or angina. These reactions can occur immediately following or up to 24 hours after administration of Kyprolis.
Administer dexamethasone prior to Kyprolis to reduce the incidence and severity of infusionrelated reactions [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Fatal or serious cases of hemorrhage have been reported in patients treated with Kyprolis [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Hemorrhagic events have included gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and intracranial hemorrhage and epistaxis. The bleeding can be spontaneous and intracranial hemorrhage has occurred without trauma. Hemorrhage has been reported in patients having either low or normal platelet counts. Hemorrhage has also been reported in patients who were not on antiplatelet therapy or anticoagulation.
Promptly evaluate signs and symptoms of blood loss. Reduce or withhold dose as appropriate [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Kyprolis causes thrombocytopenia with platelet nadirs observed between Day 8 and Day 15 of each 28-day cycle, with recovery to baseline platelet count usually by the start of the next cycle [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Thrombocytopenia was reported in approximately 32% of patients in clinical trials with Kyprolis. Hemorrhage may occur [see ADVERSE REACTIONS, Hemorrhage].
Monitor platelet counts frequently during treatment with Kyprolis. Reduce or withhold dose as appropriate [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Cases of hepatic failure, including fatal cases, have been reported (2%) during treatment with Kyprolis. Kyprolis can cause increased serum transaminases [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Monitor liver enzymes regularly, regardless of baseline values. Reduce or withhold dose as appropriate [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Cases of thrombotic microangiopathy, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/ hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS), have been reported in patients who received Kyprolis. Some of these events have been fatal.
Monitor for signs and symptoms of TTP/HUS. If the diagnosis is suspected, stop Kyprolis and evaluate. If the diagnosis of TTP/HUS is excluded, Kyprolis may be restarted. The safety of reinitiating Kyprolis therapy in patients previously experiencing TTP/HUS is not known.
Cases of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) have been reported in patients receiving Kyprolis. PRES, formerly termed Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome (RPLS), is a neurological disorder which can present with seizure, headache, lethargy, confusion, blindness, altered consciousness, and other visual and neurological disturbances, along with hypertension, and the diagnosis is confirmed by neuro-radiological imaging (MRI).
Discontinue Kyprolis if PRES is suspected and evaluate. The safety of reinitiating Kyprolis therapy in patients previously experiencing PRES is not known.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which can be fatal, has been reported with Kyprolis. In addition to Kyprolis, other possible contributory factors include prior or concurrent immunosuppressive therapy that may cause immunosuppression.
Consider PML in any patient with new onset of or changes in pre-existing neurological signs or symptoms. If PML is suspected, discontinue Kyprolis and initiate evaluation for PML including neurology consultation.
In CLARION, a clinical trial of 955 transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma randomized to Kyprolis (20/36 mg/m2 by 30-minute infusion twice weekly for four of each six-week cycle), melphalan and prednisone (KMP) or bortezomib, melphalan and prednisone (VMP), a higher incidence of fatal adverse reactions (7% versus 4%) and serious adverse reactions (50% versus 42%) were observed in the KMP arm compared to patients in the VMP arm, respectively. Patients in the KMP arm were observed to have a higher incidence of any grade adverse reactions involving cardiac failure (11% versus 4%), hypertension (25% versus 8%), acute renal failure (14% versus 6%), and dyspnea (18% versus 9%). This study did not meet its primary outcome measure of superiority in progression-free survival (PFS) for the KMP arm. Kyprolis in combination with melphalan and prednisone is not indicated for transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.
Based on the mechanism of action and findings in animals, Kyprolis can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Carfilzomib administered intravenously to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis at a dose approximately 40% of the clinical dose of 27 mg/m2 based on BSA caused post-implantation loss and a decrease in fetal weight.
Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with Kyprolis and for 6 months following the last dose. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with Kyprolis and for 3 months following the last dose [see Use In Specific Populations, Nonclinical Toxicology].
Carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted with carfilzomib.
Carfilzomib was clastogenic in the in vitro chromosomal aberration test in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Carfilzomib was not mutagenic in the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test and was not clastogenic in the in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay.
Fertility studies with carfilzomib have not been conducted. No effects on reproductive tissues were noted during 28-day repeat-dose rat and monkey toxicity studies or in 6-month rat and 9-month monkey chronic toxicity studies.
Kyprolis can cause fetal harm based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. There are no available data on Kyprolis use in pregnant women to evaluate for drug-associated risks. Kyprolis caused embryo-fetal lethality in rabbits at doses lower than the clinical dose (see Data). Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to the fetus.
In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2%–4% and 15%–20%, respectively
Animal Data
Carfilzomib administered intravenously to pregnant rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis was not teratogenic at doses up to 2 mg/kg/day in rats and 0.8 mg/kg/day in rabbits. In rabbits, there was an increase in pre-implantation loss at ≥ 0.4 mg/kg/day and an increase in early resorptions and post-implantation loss and a decrease in fetal weight at the maternally toxic dose of 0.8 mg/kg/day. The doses of 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg/day in rabbits are approximately 20% and 40%, respectively, of the recommended dose in humans of 27 mg/m2 based on BSA.
There are no data on the presence of Kyprolis in human milk, the effects on the breastfed child, or the effects of the drug on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in the breastfed child, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with Kyprolis and for 2 weeks after treatment.
Based on its mechanism of action and findings in animals, Kyprolis can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Pregnancy].
Conduct pregnancy testing on females of reproductive potential prior to initiating Kyprolis treatment.
Females
Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with Kyprolis and for 6 months following the last dose.
Males
Advise males with female sexual partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with Kyprolis and for 3 months following the last dose.
Based on the mechanism of action, Kyprolis may have an effect on either male or female fertility [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Nonclinical Toxicology]. There are no data on the effect of Kyprolis on human fertility.
The safety and effectiveness of Kyprolis in pediatric patients have not been established.
The safety and effectiveness of Kyprolis in combination with chemotherapy was evaluated, but not established in an open label trial (Study 20140106; NCT02303821) in 124 patients aged 1 to younger than 17 years with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who have received prior targeted B-cell immune therapy or relapsed or refractory T-cell ALL.
No new safety signals were observed in these pediatric patients. The systemic exposure of carfilzomib in these pediatric patients was within range of that observed in adults given the same dose based on body surface area
Of the 2,837 patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma exposed to Kyprolis in monotherapy and combination therapy studies [see Clinical Studies], 50% were 65 years and older, while 13% were 75 years and older. The incidence of serious adverse reactions was 50% in patients < 65 years of age, 60% in patients 65 to 74 years of age, and 63% in patients ≥ 75 years of age. Of the 308 patients in CANDOR who received DKd, 47% of patients were 65 years and older, while 9% were 75 years and older. Fatal adverse reactions in the DKd arm of CANDOR occurred in 6% of patients <65 years of age, 14% of patients between 65 to 74 years of age, and 14% of patients ≥ 75 years of age [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. No overall differences in effectiveness were observed between older and younger patients.
Reduce the dose of Kyprolis by 25% in patients with mild (total bilirubin 1 to 1.5 × ULN and any AST or total bilirubin ≤ ULN and AST > ULN) or moderate (total bilirubin > 1.5 to 3 × ULN and any AST) hepatic impairment. A recommended dosage of Kyprolis has not been established for patients with severe hepatic impairment (total bilirubin > 3 × ULN and any AST) [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
The incidence of serious adverse reactions was higher in patients with mild, moderate, and severe hepatic impairment combined (22/35 or 63%) than in patients with normal hepatic function (3/11 or 27%) [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
Acute onset of chills, hypotension, renal insufficiency, thrombocytopenia, and lymphopenia has been reported following a dose of 200 mg of Kyprolis administered in error.
There is no known specific antidote for Kyprolis overdosage. In the event of overdose, monitor patients for adverse reactions and provide supportive care as appropriate.
None.
Carfilzomib is a tetrapeptide epoxyketone proteasome inhibitor that irreversibly binds to the N-terminal threonine-containing active sites of the 20S proteasome, the proteolytic core particle within the 26S proteasome. Carfilzomib had antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities in vitro in solid and hematologic tumor cells. In animals, carfilzomib inhibited proteasome activity in blood and tissue and delayed tumor growth in models of multiple myeloma, hematologic, and solid tumors.
Intravenous carfilzomib administration resulted in suppression of proteasome chymotrypsin-like (CT-L) activity when measured in blood 1 hour after the first dose. Doses of carfilzomib ≥ 15 mg/m2 with or without lenalidomide and dexamethasone induced a ≥ 80% inhibition of the CT-L activity of the proteasome. In addition, carfilzomib, 20 mg/m2 intravenously as a single agent, resulted in a mean inhibition of the low molecular mass polypeptide 2 (LMP2) and multicatalytic endopeptidase complex-like 1 (MECL1) subunits of the proteasome ranging from 26% to 32% and 41% to 49%, respectively. Proteasome inhibition was maintained for ≥ 48 hours following the first dose of carfilzomib for each week of dosing.
Carfilzomib at doses between 20 mg/m2 and 70 mg/m2 administered as a 30-minute infusion resulted in dose-dependent increases in maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) and area under the curve over time to infinity (AUC0-INF) in patients with multiple myeloma. A dose-dependent increase in Cmax and AUC0-INF was also observed between carfilzomib 20 mg/m2 and 56 mg/m2 as a 2- to 10-minute infusion in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. A 30-minute infusion resulted in a similar AUC0-INF, but 2- to 3-fold lower Cmax than that observed with a 2- to 10-minute infusion at the same dose. There was no evidence of carfilzomib accumulation following repeated administration of carfilzomib 70 mg/m2 as a 30-minute once weekly infusion or 15 and 20 mg/m2 as a 2- to 10-minute twice weekly infusion.
Table 21 lists the estimated mean average daily area under the curve in the first cycle (AUCC1,avg), average daily area under the curve at steady-state (AUCss) and Cmax at the highest dose in the first cycle (Cmax,C1) for the different dosing regimens.
Table 21: Carfilzomib Exposure Parameters for Different Dosing Regimens
| Estimated Parameters (%CV) | 20/27 mg/m2 twice weekly with 2- to 10-minute infusion | 20/56 mg/m2 twice weekly with 30-minute infusion | 20/70 mg/m2 once weekly with 30-minute infusion |
| AUCC1,avg (ng•hr/mL) | 95 (40) | 170 (35) | 114 (36) |
| AUCss (ng•hr/mL) | 111 (34) | 228 (28) | 150 (35) |
| Cmax,C1 (ng/mL) | 1282 (17) | 1166 (29) | 1595 (36) |
| CV = Coefficient of variation | |||
The mean steady-state volume of distribution of a 20 mg/m2 dose of carfilzomib was 28 L. Carfilzomib is 97% bound to human plasma proteins over the concentration range of 0.4 to 4 micromolar in vitro.
Carfilzomib has a half-life of ≤ 1 hour on Day 1 of Cycle 1 following intravenous doses ≥ 15 mg/m2 . The half-life was similar when administered either as a 30-minute infusion or a 2- to 10-minute infusion. The systemic clearance ranged from 151 to 263 L/hour.
Metabolism
Carfilzomib is rapidly metabolized. Peptidase cleavage and epoxide hydrolysis were the principal pathways of metabolism. Cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated mechanisms contribute a minor role in overall carfilzomib metabolism.
Excretion
Approximately 25% of the administered dose of carfilzomib was excreted in urine as metabolites in 24 hours. Urinary and fecal excretion of the parent compound was negligible (0.3% of total dose).
Age (35-89 years), sex, race or ethnicity (80% White, 11% Black, 6% Asians, 3% Hispanics), and mild to severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance 15-89 mL/min) did not have clinically meaningful effects on the pharmacokinetics of carfilzomib.
Compared to patients with normal hepatic function, patients with mild (total bilirubin 1 to 1.5 × ULN and any AST or total bilirubin ≤ ULN and AST > ULN) and moderate (total bilirubin > 1.5 to 3 × ULN and any AST) hepatic impairment had approximately 50% higher carfilzomib AUC. The pharmacokinetics of carfilzomib has not been evaluated in patients with severe hepatic impairment (total bilirubin > 3 × ULN and any AST).
Relative to patients with normal renal function, ESRD patients on hemodialysis showed 33% higher carfilzomib AUC. Since hemodialysis clearance of Kyprolis concentrations has not been studied, the drug should be administered after the hemodialysis procedure.
Effect of Carfilzomib on Sensitive CYP3A Substrate
Midazolam (a sensitive CYP3A substrate) pharmacokinetics was not affected by concomitant administration of carfilzomib.
Effect of Carfilzomib on Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Enzymes
Carfilzomib showed direct and time-dependent inhibition of CYP3A but did not induce CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in vitro.
Effect of Transporters on Carfilzomib
Carfilzomib is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate in vitro.
Effect of Carfilzomib on Transporters
Carfilzomib inhibits P-gp in vitro. However, given that Kyprolis is administered intravenously and is extensively metabolized, the pharmacokinetics of Kyprolis is unlikely to be affected by P-gp inhibitors or inducers.
Monkeys administered a single bolus intravenous dose of carfilzomib at 3 mg/kg (approximately 1.3 times recommended dose in humans of 27 mg/m2 based on BSA) experienced hypotension, increased heart rate, and increased serum levels of troponin-T.
Repeated bolus intravenous administration of carfilzomib at ≥ 2 mg/kg/dose in rats and 2 mg/kg/dose in monkeys using dosing schedules similar to those used clinically resulted in mortalities that were due to toxicities occurring in the cardiovascular (cardiac failure, cardiac fibrosis, pericardial fluid accumulation, cardiac hemorrhage/degeneration), gastrointestinal (necrosis/hemorrhage), renal (glomerulonephropathy, tubular necrosis, dysfunction), and pulmonary (hemorrhage/inflammation) systems. The dose of 2 mg/kg/dose in rats is approximately half the recommended dose in humans of 27 mg/m2 based on BSA. The dose of 2 mg/kg/dose in monkeys is approximately equivalent to the recommended dose in humans based on BSA.
ASPIRE was a randomized, open-label, multicenter trial which evaluated the combination of Kyprolis with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (KRd) versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone alone (Rd) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who had received 1 to 3 lines of therapy (A line of therapy is a planned course of treatment [including sequential induction, transplantation, consolidation, and/or maintenance] without an interruption for lack of efficacy, such as for relapse or progressive disease). Patients who had the following were excluded from the trial: refractory to bortezomib in the most recent regimen, refractory to lenalidomide and dexamethasone in the most recent regimen, not responding to any prior regimen, creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min, ALT/AST > 3.5 × ULN and bilirubin > 2 × ULN, New York Heart Association Class III to IV congestive heart failure, or myocardial infarction within the last 4 months.
In the KRd arm, Kyprolis was evaluated at a starting dose of 20 mg/m2 , which was increased to 27 mg/m2 on Cycle 1, Day 8 onward. Kyprolis was administered as a 10-minute infusion on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of each 28-day cycle for Cycle 1 through 12. Kyprolis was dosed on Days 1, 2, 15, and 16 of each 28-day cycle from Cycle 13 through 18. Dexamethasone 40 mg was administered orally or intravenously on Days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of each cycle. Lenalidomide was given 25 mg orally on Days 1 to 21 of each 28-day cycle. The Rd treatment arm had the same regimen for lenalidomide and dexamethasone as the KRd treatment arm. Kyprolis was administered for a maximum of 18 cycles unless discontinued early for disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Lenalidomide and dexamethasone administration could continue until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Concurrent use of thromboprophylaxis and a proton pump inhibitor were required for both arms and antiviral prophylaxis was required for the KRd arm.
The 792 patients in ASPIRE were randomized 1:1 to the KRd or Rd arm. The demographics and baseline characteristics were well-balanced between the two arms (see Table 22). Only 53% of the patients had testing for genetic mutations; a high-risk genetic mutation was identified for 12% of patients in the KRd arm and in 13% in the Rd arm.
Table 22: Demographics and Baseline Characteristics in ASPIRE
| Characteristics | KRd (N = 396) |
Rd (N = 396) |
| Age, Median, Years (min, max) | 64 (38, 87) | 65 (31, 91) |
| Age ≥ 75 Years, n (%) | 43 (11) | 53 (13) |
| Males, n (%) | 215 (54) | 232 (59) |
| Race, n (%) | ||
| White | 377 (95) | 377 (95) |
| Black | 12 (3) | 11 (3) |
| Other or Not Reported | 7 (2) | 8 (2) |
| Number of Prior Regimens, n (%) | ||
| 1 | 184 (46) | 157 (40) |
| 2 | 120 (30) | 139 (35) |
| 3a | 92 (23) | 100 (25) |
| Prior Transplantation, n (%) | 217 (55) | 229 (58) |
| ECOG Performance Status, n (%) | ||
| 0 | 165 (42) | 175 (44) |
| 1 | 191 (48) | 186 (47) |
| 2 | 40 (10) | 35 (9) |
| ISS Stage at Study Baseline, n (%) | ||
| I | 167 (42) | 154 (39) |
| II | 148 (37) | 153 (39) |
| III | 73 (18) | 82 (21) |
| Unknown | 8 (2) | 7 (2) |
| Creatinine Clearance mL/min, Median (min, max) | 79 (39, 212) | 79 (30, 208) |
| 30 to < 50, n (%) | 19 (5) | 32 (8) |
| 50 to < 80, n (%) | 185 (47) | 170 (43) |
| Refractory to Last Therapy, n (%) | 110 (28) | 119 (30) |
| Refractory at Any Time to, n (%): | ||
| Bortezomib | 60 (15) | 58 (15) |
| Lenalidomide | 29 (7) | 28 (7) |
| Bortezomib + immunomodulatory agent | 24 (6) | 27 (7) |
| ECOG = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; IgG = immunoglobulin G; ISS = International Staging System; KRd = Kyprolis, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone; Rd = lenalidomide and dexamethasone a Including 2 patients with 4 prior regimens. |
||
Patients in the KRd arm demonstrated improved PFS compared with those in the Rd arm (HR = 0.69, with 2-sided P-value = 0.0001) as determined using standard International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG)/European Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) response criteria by an Independent Review Committee (IRC). The median PFS was 26.3 months in the KRd arm versus 17.6 months in the Rd arm (see Table 23 and Figure 1).
A pre-planned overall survival (OS) analysis was performed after 246 deaths in the KRd arm and 267 deaths in the Rd arm. The median follow-up was approximately 67 months. A statistically significant advantage in OS was observed in patients in the KRd arm compared to patients in the Rd arm (see Table 23 and Figure 2).
Table 23: Efficacy Outcomes in ASPIREa
| Combination Therapy | ||
| KRd (N = 396) |
Rd (N = 396) |
|
| PFSb | ||
| Medianc, Months (95% CI) | 26.3 (23.3, 30.5) | 17.6 (15.0, 20.6) |
| HR (95% CI)d | 0.69 (0.57, 0.83) | |
| P-value (2-sided)e | 0.0001 | |
| Overall Survival | ||
| Medianc, Months (95% CI) | 48.3 (42.4, 52.8) | 40.4 (33.6, 44.4) |
| HR (95% CI)d | 0.79 (0.67, 0.95) | |
| P-value (2-sided)e | 0.0091 | |
| Overall Responseb | ||
| N with response | 345 | 264 |
| ORR (%) (95% CI)f | 87 (83, 90) | 67 (62, 71) |
| P-value (2-sided)g | < 0.0001 | |
| Response Category, n (%) | ||
| sCR | 56 (14) | 17 (4) |
| CR | 70 (18) | 20 (5) |
| VGPR | 151 (38) | 123 (31) |
| PR | 68 (17) | 104 (26) |
| CI = confidence interval; CR = complete response; HR = hazard ratio; KRd = Kyprolis, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone; ORR = overall response rate; PFS = progression-free survival; PR = partial response; Rd = lenalidomide and dexamethasone; sCR = stringent CR; VGPR = very good partial response a Eligible patients had 1-3 prior lines of therapy. b As determined by an Independent Review Committee. c Based on Kaplan-Meier estimates. d Based on stratified Cox’s model. e The P-value was derived using stratified log-rank test. f Exact confidence interval. g The P-value was derived using Cochran Mantel Haenszel test. |
||
The median duration of response (DOR) was 28.6 months (95% CI: 24.9, 31.3) for the 345 patients achieving a response in the KRd arm and 21.2 months (95% CI: 16.7, 25.8) for the 264 patients achieving a response in the Rd arm. The median time to response was 1 month (range 1 to 14 months) in the KRd arm and 1 month (range 1 to 16 months) in the Rd arm.
Figure 1: Kaplan-Meier Curve of Progression-Free Survival in ASPIRE
 |
| CI = confidence interval; EBMT = European Blood and Marrow Transplantation; HR = hazard ratio; IMWG = International Myeloma Working Group; KRd = Kyprolis, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone; mo = months; PFS = progression-free survival; Rd = lenalidomide and dexamethasone arm Note: The response and PD outcomes were determined using standard objective IMWG/EBMT response criteria. |
Figure 2: Kaplan-Meier Curve of Overall Survival in ASPIRE
 |
| CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; KRd = Kyprolis, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone; mo = months; OS = overall survival; Rd = lenalidomide and dexamethasone arm |
The efficacy of Kyprolis in combination with dexamethasone was evaluated in two openlabel randomized trials (ENDEAVOR and A.R.R.O.W.).
ENDEAVOR was a randomized, open-label, multicenter trial of Kyprolis and dexamethasone (Kd) versus bortezomib and dexamethasone (Vd) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who had received 1 to 3 lines of therapy. A total of 929 patients were enrolled and randomized (464 in the Kd arm; 465 in the Vd arm). Randomization was stratified by prior proteasome inhibitor therapy (yes versus no), prior lines of therapy (1 versus 2 or 3), current International Staging System stage (1 versus 2 or 3), and planned route of bortezomib administration. Patients were excluded if they had less than PR to all prior regimens; creatinine clearance < 15 mL/min; hepatic transaminases ≥ 3 × ULN; or left-ventricular ejection fraction < 40% or other significant cardiac conditions.
This trial evaluated Kyprolis at a starting dose of 20 mg/m2 , which was increased to 56 mg/m2 on Cycle 1, Day 8 onward. Kyprolis was administered twice weekly as a 30-minute infusion on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of each 28-day cycle. Dexamethasone 20 mg was administered orally or intravenously on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23 of each cycle. In the Vd arm, bortezomib was dosed at 1.3 mg/m2 intravenously or subcutaneously on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle, and dexamethasone 20 mg was administered orally or intravenously on Days 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, and 12 of each cycle. Concurrent use of thromboprophylaxis was optional, and prophylaxis with an antiviral agent and proton pump inhibitor was required. Of the 465 patients in the Vd arm, 381 received bortezomib subcutaneously. Treatment continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
The demographics and baseline characteristics are summarized in Table 24.
Table 24: Demographics and Baseline Characteristics in ENDEAVOR
| Characteristics | Kd (N = 464) |
Vd (N = 465) |
| Age, Years | ||
| Median (min, max) | 65 (35, 89) | 65 (30, 88) |
| < 65, n (%) | 223 (48) | 210 (45) |
| 65 – 74, n (%) | 164 (35) | 189 (41) |
| ≥ 75, n (%) | 77 (17) | 66 (14) |
| Sex, n (%) | ||
| Female | 224 (48) | 236 (51) |
| Male | 240 (52) | 229 (49) |
| Race, n (%) | ||
| White | 353 (76) | 361 (78) |
| Black | 7 (2) | 9 (2) |
| Asian | 56 (12) | 57 (12) |
| Other or Not Reported | 48 (10) | 38 (8) |
| ECOG Performance Status, n (%) | ||
| 0 | 221 (48) | 232 (50) |
| 1 | 210 (45) | 203 (44) |
| 2 | 33 (7) | 30 (6) |
| Creatinine Clearance (mL/min) | ||
| Median (min, max) | 73 (14, 185) | 72 (12, 208) |
| < 30, n (%) | 28 (6) | 28 (6) |
| 30 – < 50, n (%) | 57 (12) | 71 (15) |
| 50 – < 80, n (%) | 186 (40) | 177 (38) |
| ≥ 80, n (%) | 193 (42) | 189 (41) |
| FISH, n (%) | ||
| High-risk | 97 (21) | 113 (24) |
| Standard-risk | 284 (61) | 291 (63) |
| Unknown-risk | 83 (18) | 61 (13) |
| ISS Stage at Study Baseline, n (%) | ||
| ISS I | 219 (47) | 212 (46) |
| ISS II | 138 (30) | 153 (33) |
| ISS III | 107 (23) | 100 (22) |
| Number of Prior Regimens, n (%) | ||
| 1 | 232 (50) | 231 (50) |
| 2 | 158 (34) | 144 (31) |
| 3 | 74 (16) | 88 (19) |
| 4 | 0 (0) | 2 (0.4) |
| Prior Therapies, n (%) | 464 (100) | 465 (100) |
| Bortezomib | 250 (54) | 252 (54) |
| Transplant for Multiple Myeloma | 266 (57) | 272 (59) |
| Thalidomide | 212 (46) | 249 (54) |
| Lenalidomide | 177 (38) | 178 (38) |
| Bortezomib + immunomodulatory agent | 159 (34) | 168 (36) |
| Refractory to last prior therapy, n (%)a | 184 (40) | 189 (41) |
| ECOG = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; FISH = Fluorescence in situ hybridization; ISS = International Staging System; Kd = Kyprolis and dexamethasone; Vd = bortezomib and dexamethasone a Refractory = disease not achieving a minimal response or better, progressing during therapy, or progressing within 60 days after completion of therapy. |
||
The efficacy of Kyprolis was evaluated by PFS as determined by an IRC using IMWG response criteria. The trial showed a median PFS of 18.7 months in the Kd arm versus 9.4 months in the Vd arm (see Table 25 and Figure 3).
Figure 3: Kaplan-Meier Plot of Progression-Free Survival in ENDEAVOR
 |
| CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; Kd = Kyprolis and dexamethasone; mo = months; PFS = progression-free survival; Vd = bortezomib and dexamethasone |
Other endpoints included OS and overall response rate (ORR).
A pre-planned OS analysis was performed after 189 deaths in the Kd arm and 209 deaths in the Vd arm. The median follow-up was approximately 37 months. A significantly longer OS was observed in patients in the Kd arm compared to patients in the Vd arm (HR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.96; P-value = 0.01). Results are provided in Table 25 and Figure 4.
Table 25: Summary of Key Results in ENDEAVOR (Intent-to-Treat Population)a
| Kd (N = 464) |
Vd (N = 465) |
|
| PFSb | ||
| Number of events (%) | 171 (37) | 243 (52) |
| Medianc, Months (95% CI) | 18.7 (15.6, NE) | 9.4 (8.4, 10.4) |
| HR (Kd/Vd) (95% CI)d | 0.53 (0.44, 0.65) | |
| P-value (1-sided)e | < 0.0001 | |
| Overall Survival | ||
| Number of deaths (%) | 189 (41) | 209 (45) |
| Medianc, Months (95% CI) | 47.6 (42.5, NE) | 40.0 (32.6, 42.3) |
| HR (Kd/Vd) (95% CI)d | 0.79 (0.65, 0.96) | |
| P-value (1-sided)e | 0.01 | |
| Overall Responseb | ||
| N with Response | 357 | 291 |
| ORR (%) (95% CI)f | 77 (73, 81) | 63 (58, 67) |
| P-value (1-sided)g | < 0.0001 | |
| Response Category, n (%) | ||
| sCR | 8 (2) | 9 (2) |
| CR | 50 (11) | 20 (4) |
| VGPR | 194 (42) | 104 (22) |
| PRh | 105 (23) | 158 (34) |
| CI = confidence interval; CR = complete response; HR= hazard ratio; Kd = Kyprolis and dexamethasone; ORR = overall response rate; PFS = progression-free survival; PR = partial response; sCR = stringent CR; Vd = bortezomib and dexamethasone; VGPR = very good partial response; NE = non-estimable a Eligible patients had 1-3 prior lines of therapy. b PFS and ORR were determined by an Independent Review Committee. c Based on Kaplan-Meier estimates. d Based on a stratified Cox’s model. e P-value was derived using a stratified log-rank test. f Exact confidence interval. g The P-value was derived using Cochran Mantel Haenszel test. h Includes one patient in each arm with a confirmed PR which may not have been the best response. |
||
Figure 4: Kaplan-Meier Plot of Overall Survival in ENDEAVOR
 |
| CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; Kd = Kyprolis and dexamethasone; mo = month; OS = overall survival; Vd = bortezomib and dexamethasone |
The median DOR in subjects achieving PR or better was 21.3 months (95% CI: 21.3, not estimable) in the Kd arm and 10.4 months (95% CI: 9.3, 13.8) in the Vd arm. The median time to response was 1 month (range < 1 to 8 months) in both arms.
A.R.R.O.W. was a randomized, open-label, multicenter superiority trial of Kyprolis and dexamethasone (Kd) once weekly (20/70 mg/m2 ) versus Kd twice weekly (20/27 mg/m2 ) in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who had received 2 to 3 prior lines of therapy. Patients were excluded if they had less than PR to at least one prior line; creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min; hepatic transaminases ≥ 3 × ULN; or left-ventricular ejection fraction < 40% or other significant cardiac conditions. A total of 478 patients were enrolled and randomized (240 in 20/70 mg/m2 arm; 238 in 20/27 mg/m2 arm). Randomization was stratified by current International Staging System stage (stage 1 versus stages 2 or 3), refractory to bortezomib treatment (yes versus no), and age (< 65 versus ≥ 65 years).
Arm 1 of this trial evaluated Kyprolis at a starting dose of 20 mg/m2 , which was increased to 70 mg/m2 on Cycle 1, Day 8 onward. Arm 1 Kyprolis was administered once weekly as a 30-minute infusion on Days 1, 8 and 15, of each 28-day cycle. Arm 2 of this trial evaluated Kyprolis at a starting dose of 20 mg/m2 , which was increased to 27 mg/m2 on Cycle 1, Day 8 onward. Arm 2 Kyprolis was administered twice weekly as a 10-minute infusion on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of each 28-day cycle. In both regimens, dexamethasone 40 mg was administered orally or intravenously on Days 1, 8, 15 for all cycles and on Day 22 for cycles 1 to 9 only. Concurrent use of thromboprophylaxis was optional, prophylaxis with an antiviral agent was recommended, and prophylaxis with a proton pump inhibitor was required. Treatment continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
The demographics and baseline characteristics are summarized in Table 26.
Table 26: Demographics and Baseline Characteristics in A.R.R.O.W.
| Characteristics | Once weekly Kd 20/70 mg/m2 (N = 240) |
Twice weekly Kd 20/27 mg/m2 (N = 238) |
| Age, Years | ||
| Median (min, max) | 66 (39, 85) | 66 (35, 83) |
| < 65, n (%) | 104 (43) | 104 (44) |
| 65 – 74, n (%) | 90 (38) | 102 (43) |
| ≥ 75, n (%) | 46 (19) | 32 (13) |
| Sex, n (%) | ||
| Female | 108 (45) | 110 (46) |
| Male | 132 (55) | 128 (54) |
| Race, n (%) | ||
| White | 200 (83) | 202 (85) |
| Black | 3 (1) | 2 (1) |
| Asian | 30 (13) | 15 (6) |
| Other or Not Reported | 7 (3) | 19 (8) |
| ECOG Performance Status, n (%) | ||
| 0 | 118 (49) | 118 (50) |
| 1 | 121 (50) | 120 (50) |
| 2 | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) |
| Creatinine Clearance (mL/min) | ||
| Median (min, max) | 70.80 (28, 212) | 73.20 (29, 181) |
| < 30, n (%) | 2 (1) | 1 (0.4) |
| 30 – < 50, n (%) | 48 (20) | 34 (14) |
| 50 – < 80, n (%) | 91 (38) | 111 (47) |
| ≥ 80, n (%) | 99 (41) | 91 (38) |
| FISH, n (%) | ||
| High-risk | 34 (14) | 47 (20) |
| Standard-risk | 47 (20) | 53 (22) |
| Unknown-risk | 159 (66) | 138 (58) |
| ISS Stage at Study Baseline, n (%) | ||
| ISS I | 94 (39) | 99 (42) |
| ISS II | 80 (33) | 81 (34) |
| ISS III | 63 (26) | 54 (23) |
| Number of Prior Regimens, n (%) | ||
| 2 | 116 (48) | 125 (53) |
| 3 | 124 (52) | 112 (47) |
| >3 | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) |
| Prior Therapies, n (%) | ||
| Bortezomib | 236 (98) | 237 (100) |
| Transplantation | 146 (61) | 157 (66) |
| Thalidomide | 119 (50) | 119 (50) |
| Lenalidomide | 207 (86) | 194 (82) |
| ECOG = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; FISH = Fluorescence in situ hybridization; ISS = International Staging System; Kd = Kyprolis and dexamethasone | ||
The efficacy of Kyprolis was evaluated by PFS using IMWG response criteria. Efficacy results are provided in Table 27 and Figure 5.
Figure 5: Kaplan-Meier Plot of Progression-Free Survival in A.R.R.O.W.
 |
| CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; Kd = Kyprolis and dexamethasone; PFS = progression-free survival |
Table 27: Summary of Key Results in A.R.R.O.W. (Intent-to-Treat Population)
| Once weekly Kd 20/70 mg/m2 (N = 240) |
Twice weekly Kd 20/27 mg/m2 (N = 238) |
|
| PFS | ||
| Number of events, n (%) | 126 (52.5) | 148 (62.2) |
| Median, Months (95% CI) | 11.2 (8.6, 13.0) | 7.6 (5.8, 9.2) |
| HR (95% CI) | 0.69 (0.54, 0.88) | |
| P-value (1-sided) | 0.0014 | |
| Overall Responsea | ||
| N with Response | 151 | 97 |
| ORR (%) (95% CI) | 62.9 (56.5, 69.0) | 40.8 (34.5, 47.3) |
| P-value (1-sided) | < 0.0001 | |
| Response Category, n (%) | ||
| sCR | 4 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| CR | 13 (5.4) | 4 (1.7) |
| VGPR | 65 (27.1) | 28 (11.8) |
| PR | 69 (28.8) | 65 (27.3) |
| CI = confidence interval; CR = complete response; HR = hazard ratio; Kd = Kyprolis and dexamethasone; ORR = overall response rate; PFS = progression-free survival; PR = partial response; sCR = stringent complete response; VGPR = very good partial response a Overall response is defined as achieving a best overall response of PR, VGPR, CR or sCR. |
||
The median DOR in subjects achieving PR or better was 15 months (95% CI: 12.2, not estimable) in the Kd 20/70 mg/m2 arm and 13.8 months (95% CI: 9.5, not estimable) in the Kd 20/27 mg/m2 arm. The median time to response was 1.1 months in the Kd 20/70 mg/m2 arm and 1.9 months in the Kd 20/27 mg/m2 arm.
Kyprolis is not approved for twice weekly 20/27 mg/m2 administration in combination with dexamethasone alone.
The efficacy of Kyprolis in combination with daratumumab and dexamethasone or daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj and dexamethasone (DKd) was evaluated in three open-label clinical trials (CANDOR, EQUULEUS, and PLEIADES).
CANDOR was a randomized, open-label, multicenter trial which evaluated the combination of Kyprolis 20/56 mg/m2 twice weekly with intravenous daratumumab and dexamethasone (DKd) versus Kyprolis 20/56 mg/m2 twice weekly and dexamethasone (Kd) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who had received 1 to 3 prior lines of therapy. Patients who had the following were excluded from the trial: known moderate or severe persistent asthma within the past 2 years, known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a FEV1 < 50% of predicted normal, and active congestive heart failure. Randomization was stratified by the ISS (stage 1 or 2 vs stage 3) at screening, prior proteasome inhibitor exposure (yes vs no), number of prior lines of therapy (1 vs ≥ 2), or prior cluster differentiation antigen 38 (CD38) antibody therapy (yes vs no).
Kyprolis was administered intravenously over 30 minutes at a dose of 20 mg/m2 in Cycle 1 on Days 1 and 2; at a dose of 56 mg/m2 in Cycle 1 on Days 8, 9, 15 and 16; and on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15 and 16 of each 28-day cycle thereafter. Dexamethasone 20 mg was administered orally or intravenously on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15 and 16 and then 40 mg orally or intravenously on Day 22 of each 28-day cycle. In the DKd arm, daratumumab was administered intravenously at a dose of 8 mg/kg in Cycle 1 on Days 1 and 2. Thereafter, daratumumab was administered intravenously at a dose of 16 mg/kg on Days 8, 15 and 22 of Cycle 1; Days 1, 8 and 15 and 22 of Cycle 2; Days 1 and 15 of Cycles 3 to 6; and Day 1 for the remaining cycles or until disease progression. For patients >75 years on a reduced dexamethasone dose of 20 mg, the entire 20 mg dose was given as a daratumumab pre-infusion medication on days when daratumumab was administered. Dosing of dexamethasone was otherwise split across days when Kyprolis was administered in both study arms. Treatment was continued in both arms until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
A total of 466 patients were randomized; 312 to the DKd arm and 154 to the Kd arm. The demographics and baseline characteristics are summarized in Table 28.
Table 28: Demographics and Baseline Characteristics in CANDOR
| Characteristics | DKd (N = 312) |
Kd (N = 154) |
| Age at randomization (years) | ||
| Median (min, max) | 64 (29, 84) | 65 (35, 83) |
| Age group – n (%) | ||
| 18 – 64 years | 163 (52) | 77 (50) |
| 65 – 74 years | 121 (39) | 55 (36) |
| 75 years and older | 28 (9) | 22 (14) |
| Sex – n (%) | ||
| Male | 177 (57) | 91 (59) |
| Female | 135 (43) | 63 (41) |
| Race – n (%) | ||
| Asian | 46 (15) | 20 (13) |
| Black or African American | 7 (2.2) | 2 (1.3) |
| White | 243 (78) | 123 (80) |
| Other | 16 (5) | 9 (6) |
| Geographic region – n (%) | ||
| North America | 21 (7) | 12 (8) |
| Europe | 207 (66) | 103 (67) |
| Asia Pacific | 84 (27) | 39 (25) |
| ECOG performance status – n (%) | ||
| 0 or 1 | 295 (95) | 147 (95) |
| 2 | 15 (4.8) | 7 (4.5) |
| Missing | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) |
| Risk group as determined by FISH – n (%) | ||
| High risk | 48 (15) | 26 (17) |
| Standard risk | 104 (33) | 52 (34) |
| Unknown | 160 (51) | 76 (49) |
| ISS stage per I x RS at screening – n (%) | ||
| I or II | 252 (81) | 127 (82) |
| III | 60 (19) | 27 (17) |
| Number of prior regimens – n (%)* | ||
| 1 | 144 (46) | 70 (45) |
| 2 | 99 (32) | 46 (30) |
| 3 | 69 (22) | 37 (24) |
| Prior Therapies | ||
| Lenalidomide | 123 (39) | 74 (48) |
| Refractory to lenalidomide | 99 (32) | 55 (36) |
| Bortezomib | 287 (92) | 134 (87) |
| Prior CD38 antibody therapy – n (%) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Prior stem cell transplant (ASCT) – n (%) | 195 (62) | 75 (49) |
| DKd = Kyprolis, daratumumab, and dexamethasone; ECOG = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; FISH = Fluorescence in situ hybridization; ISS = International Staging System; Kd = Kyprolis and dexamethasone *Subjects with number of prior regimens > 3 was 0 in the DKd arm and 1 in Kd arm. |
||
Efficacy was assessed by an IRC evaluation of PFS using the IMWG response criteria. Efficacy results are provided in Table 29 and Figure 6. The median duration of response has not been reached for the DKd arm and was 16.6 months (13.9, NE) for the Kd arm. The median (min, max) time to response was 1.0 (1, 14) months for the DKd arm and 1.0 (1, 10) months for the Kd arm.
Figure 6: Kaplan-Meier Plot of Progression-Free Survival in CANDOR
 |
| CI = confidence interval; DKd = Kyprolis, daratumumab and dexamethasone; HR = hazard ratio; Kd= Kyprolis and dexamethasone |
Table 29: Summary of Key Results in CANDOR
(Intent-to-Treat Population)
| DKd (N = 312) |
Kd (N = 154) |
|
| PFS | ||
| Number of events (%) | 110 (35%) | 68 (44%) |
| Median, Months (95% CI) | NE (NE, NE) | 15.8 (12.1, NE) |
| HR (95% CI) | 0.63 (0.46, 0.85) | |
| P-value (1-sided)a | 0.0014 | |
| Overall Response | ||
| N with Response | 263 | 115 |
| ORR (%) (95% CI) | 84% (80%, 88%) | 75% (67%, 81%) |
| P-value (1-sided)b | 0.0040 | |
| CR | 89 (28%) | 16 (10%) |
| VGPR | 127 (41%) | 59 (38%) |
| PR | 47 (15%) | 40 (26%) |
| MRD [-] CR rate at 12 months n (%)c (95% CI) | 39 (12%) (9%, 17%) | 2 (1.3%) (0.2%, 4.6%) |
| P-value (1-sided)b | < 0.0001 | |
| MRD [-] CRd | 43 (14%) | 5 (3.2%) |
| CI = confidence interval; CR = complete response; HR = hazard ratio; DKd = Kyprolis, daratumumab, and dexamethasone; Kd = Kyprolis and dexamethasone; ORR = overall response rate; PFS = progression-free survival; PR = partial response; MRD [-] CR = minimal residual disease negative-complete response; NE = non-estimable; VGPR = very good partial response a The P-value was derived using stratified log-rank test b The P-value was derived using stratified Cochran Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Squared test c MRD [-] CR (at a 10-5 level) is defined as achievement of CR per IMWG-URC and MRD[-] status as assessed by the next-generation sequencing assay (ClonoSEQ) at the 12 months landmark (from 8 months to 13 months window) d MRD[-]CR (at a 10-5 level) is defined as achievement of CR per IMWG-URC and MRD[-] status as assessed by the next-generation sequencing assay (ClonoSEQ) at any timepoint during the trial |
||
EQUULEUS was an open-label, multi-cohort trial which evaluated the combination of Kyprolis with intravenous daratumumab and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who had received 1 to 3 prior lines of therapy. Patients who had the following were excluded from the trial: known moderate or severe persistent asthma within the past 2 years, known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a FEV1 < 50% of predicted normal, or active congestive heart failure (defined as New York Heart Association Class III-IV).
Kyprolis was administered intravenously over 30 minutes once weekly at a dose of 20 mg/m2 on Cycle 1 Day 1 and escalated to a dose of 70 mg/m2 on Cycle 1, Days 8 and 15; and on Days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle. Ten patients were administered daratumumab at a dose of 16 mg/kg intravenously on Cycle 1, Day 1 and the remaining patients were administered daratumumab at a dose of 8 mg/kg intravenously on Cycle 1, Days 1 and 2. Thereafter, daratumumab was administered intravenously at a dose of 16 mg/kg on Days 8, 15 and 22 of Cycle 1; Days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of Cycle 2; Days 1 and 15 of Cycles 3 to 6; and then Day 1 for the remaining cycles of each 28-day cycle. In Cycles 1 and 2, dexamethasone 20 mg was administered orally or intravenously on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22 and 23; in cycles 3 to 6, dexamethasone 20 mg was administered orally or intravenously on Days 1, 2, 15 and 16 and at a dose of 40 mg on Day 8 and 22; and in cycles 7 and thereafter, dexamethasone 20 mg was administered orally or intravenously on Days 1 and 2 and at a dose of 40 mg on Days 8, 15, and 22. For patients > 75 years of age, dexamethasone 20 mg was administered orally or intravenously weekly after the first week. Treatment continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
The EQUULEUS trial enrolled 85 patients. The demographics and baseline characteristics are summarized in Table 30.
Table 30: Demographics and Baseline Characteristics in DKd 20/70 mg/m2 Regimen of EQUULEUS (Combination Therapy for Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma)
| Characteristics | Number of Patients (%) |
| Age (years) | |
| Median (min, max) | 66 (38, 85) |
| Age group – n (%) | |
| < 65 years | 36 (42) |
| 65 - < 75 years | 41 (48) |
| ≥ 75 years | 8 (9) |
| Sex – n (%) | |
| Male | 46 (54) |
| Female | 39 (46) |
| Race – n (%) | |
| Asian | 3 (3.5) |
| Black or African American | 3 (3.5) |
| White | 68 (80) |
| ECOG Score, n (%) | |
| 0 | 32 (38) |
| 1 | 46 (54) |
| 2 | 7 (8) |
| FISH, n (%) | |
| N | 67 |
| Standard Risk | 54 (81) |
| High Risk | 13 (19) |
| Number of Prior regimens | |
| 1 | 20 (23) |
| 2 | 40 (47) |
| 3 | 23 (27) |
| > 3 | 2 (2.4) |
| Prior Therapies | |
| Bortezomib | 85 (100) |
| Lenalidomide | 81 (95) |
| Prior stem cell transplant (ASCT) | 62 (73) |
| Refractory to lenalidomide | 51 (60) |
| Refractory to both a PI and IMiD | 25 (29) |
| ECOG = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; FISH = Fluorescence in situ hybridization; PI = proteasome inhibitor; IMiD = immunomodulatory agent. | |
Efficacy results were based on overall response rate using IMWG criteria. Efficacy results are provided in Table 31. The median time to response was 0.95 months (range: 0.9, 14.3). The median duration of response was 28 months (95% CI: 20.5, not estimable).
Table 31: Summary of Key Results in EQUULEUS
(Intent-to-Treat Population)
| Study Patients n (%) |
|
| Overall Response | |
| N with Response | 69 |
| ORR (%) (95% CI) | 81% (71, 89) |
| Response category, n (%) | |
| sCR | 18 (21%) |
| CR | 12 (14%) |
| VGPR | 28 (33%) |
| PR | 11 (13%) |
| CI = confidence interval; sCR = stringent complete response; CR = complete response; ORR = overall response rate; PR = partial response; VGPR = very good partial response | |
The efficacy of Kyprolis with daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj plus dexamethasone (DKd) was evaluated in a single-arm cohort of PLEIADES, a multi-cohort, open-label trial. This cohort enrolled patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma excluding patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 40%, myocardial infarction within 6 months, uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia, or uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure >159 mmHg or diastolic >99 mmHg despite optimal treatment). Patients received Kyprolis administered by IV infusion at a dose of 20 mg/m2 on Cycle 1 Day 1 and if a dose of 20 mg/m2 was tolerated Kyprolis was administered at a dose of 70 mg/m2 as a 30-minute IV infusion on Cycle 1 Day 8 and Day 15, and then Day 1, 8 and 15 of each cycle; daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj1,800 mg/30,000 units administered subcutaneously once weekly from Weeks 1 to 8, once every 2 weeks from Weeks 9 to 24 and once every 4 weeks starting with Week 25 until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity; and dexamethasone 40 mg per week (or a reduced dose of 20 mg per week for patients ≥75 years or BMI <18.5). The major efficacy outcome measure was ORR.
A total of 66 patients received the DKd regimen. The median age was 61 years (range: 42, 84); 52% were male; 73% were White and 3% Black or African American; and 68% had ISS Stage I, 18% had ISS Stage II, and 14% had ISS Stage III disease. A total of 79% of patients had a prior ASCT; 91% of patients received a prior PI. All patients received 1 prior line of therapy with exposure to lenalidomide and 62% of patients were refractory to lenalidomide.
Efficacy results are summarized in Table 32. At a median follow-up of 9.2 months, the median duration of response had not been reached and an estimated 85.2% (95% CI: 72.5, 92.3) maintained response for at least 6 months and 82.5% (95% CI: 68.9, 90.6) maintained response for at least 9 months.
Table 32: Efficacy Results from PLEIADES in Patients Who Received DKd
| DKd (N=66) |
|
| Overall response rate (sCR+CR+VGPR+PR), n (%)a | 56 (84.8%) |
| 95% CI (%) | (73.9%, 92.5%) |
| Stringent complete response (sCR) | 11 (16.7%) |
| Complete response (CR) | 14 (21.2%) |
| Very good partial response (VGPR) | 26 (39.4%) |
| Partial response (PR) | 5 (7.6%) |
| CI = confidence interval a Based on treated patients |
|
The efficacy and safety of Kyprolis in combination with isatuximab and dexamethasone were evaluated in IKEMA, a multicenter, multinational, randomized, open-label, 2-arm, phase 3 study in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. Patients had received one to three prior lines of therapy. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they had an ECOG status of 0-2, platelets ≥50,000 cells/mm3 , absolute neutrophil count ≥1 × 109 /L, creatinine clearance ≥15 mL/min/1.73 m2 (MDRD formula), AST ≤3 × ULN, and ALT ≤3 × ULN.
A total of 302 patients were randomized in a 3:2 ratio to receive either Kyprolis in combination with isatuximab and dexamethasone (Isa-Kd, 179 patients) or Kyprolis and dexamethasone (Kd, 123 patients). Treatment was administered in both groups in 28-day cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Isatuximab 10 mg/kg was administered as an intravenous infusion weekly in the first cycle and every two weeks thereafter. Kyprolis was administered as an intravenous infusion at the dose of 20 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2; 56 mg/m2 on days 8, 9, 15, and 16 of cycle 1; and at the dose of 56 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 for subsequent cycles of each 28-day cycle. Dexamethasone (intravenously on the days of isatuximab and/or Kyprolis infusions, and orally on the other days) 20 mg was given on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23 for each 28-day cycle. On the days where both Kyprolis and isatuximab were administered, dexamethasone was administered first, followed by isatuximab infusion, then followed by Kyprolis infusion.
Overall, demographic and disease characteristics at baseline were similar between the two treatment groups. The median patient age was 64 years (range 33-90), 9% of patients were ≥ 75 years, 71% were White, 17% Asian, and 3% Black or African American. The proportion of patients with renal impairment (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 ) was 24% in the Isa-Kd group versus 15% in the Kd group. The International Staging System (ISS) stage at study entry was I in 53%, II in 31%, and III in 15% of patients. Overall, 24% of patients had high-risk chromosomal abnormalities at study entry; del(17p), t(4;14), t(14;16) were present in 11%, 14%, and 2% of patients, respectively. In addition, gain(1q21) was present in 42% of patients.
The median number of prior lines of therapy was 2 (range 1-4) with 44% of patients who received 1 prior line of therapy. Overall, 90% of patients received prior proteasome inhibitors, 78% received prior immunomodulators (including 43% who received prior lenalidomide), and 61% received prior stem cell transplantation. Overall, 33% of patients were refractory to prior proteasome inhibitors, 45% were refractory to prior immunomodulators (including 33% refractory to lenalidomide), and 21% were refractory to both a proteasome inhibitor and an immunomodulator.
The median duration of treatment was 80 weeks for the Isa-Kd group compared to 61 weeks for the Kd group.
Efficacy was based upon PFS. PFS results were assessed by an Independent Response Committee based on central laboratory data for M-protein and central radiologic imaging review using the IMWG criteria. The improvement in PFS represented a 45% reduction in the risk of disease progression or death in patients treated with Isa-Kd compared to patients treated with Kd.
Efficacy results are presented in Table 33.
Table 33a*: Efficacy of Kyprolis in Combination with Isatuximab and Dexamethasone versus Kyprolis and Dexamethasone in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma (IKEMA)
| Endpoint | Isa-Kd N=179 |
Kd N=123 |
| Progression-Free Survivalb | ||
| Median (months) [95% CI] |
NR [NR- NR] |
20.27 [15.77- NR] |
| Hazard ratioc [95% CI] | 0.548 [0.366-0.822] | |
| p-value (stratified log-rank test) c | 0.0032 | |
| Overall Response Rated | ||
| Responders (sCR+CR+VGPR+PR) n (%) [95% CI]e |
155 (86.6) [80.7-91.2] |
102 (82.9) [75.1-89.1] |
| p-value (stratified Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel)c | 0.3859 | |
| Complete Response (CR) n (%) | 71 (39.7) | 34 (27.6) |
| Very Good Partial Response (VGPR) n (%) | 59 (33) | 35 (28.5) |
| Partial Response (PR) n (%) | 25 (14) | 33 (26.8) |
| NR: not reached. * Median follow-up time 20.7 months. a Results are based on a prespecified interim analysis. b PFS results were assessed by the IRC based on central laboratory data for M-protein and central radiologic imaging review using the IMWG criteria. A comparison is considered statistically significant if the p-value is <0.008 (efficacy boundary). c Stratified on number of previous lines of therapy (1 versus >1) and R-ISS (I or II versus III versus not classified) according to IRT. d sCR, CR, VGPR, and PR were evaluated by the IRC using the IMWG response criteria. e Estimated using Clopper-Pearson method. |
||
Figure 7: Kaplan-Meier Plot of Progression-Free Survival in IKEMA
 |
Study PX-171-007 was a multicenter, open-label, dose escalation, single-arm trial that evaluated the safety of Kyprolis monotherapy as a 30-minute infusion in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma after 2 or more lines of therapy. Patients were excluded if they had a creatinine clearance < 20 mL/min; ALT ≥ 3 × upper limit of normal (ULN), bilirubin ≥ 1.5 × ULN; New York Heart Association Class III or IV congestive heart failure; or other significant cardiac conditions. A total of 24 subjects with multiple myeloma were enrolled at the maximum tolerated dose level of 20/56 mg/m2 . Kyprolis was administered twice weekly for 3 consecutive weeks (Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16) of a 28-day cycle. In Cycle 13 onward, the Day 8 and 9 Kyprolis doses could be omitted. Patients received Kyprolis at a starting dose of 20 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 2 of Cycle 1, which was increased to 56 mg/m2 for all subsequent doses. Dexamethasone 8 mg orally or intravenously was required prior to each Kyprolis dose in Cycle 1 and was optional in subsequent cycles. Treatment was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Efficacy was evaluated by ORR and DOR. ORR by investigator assessment was 50% (95% CI: 29, 71) per IMWG criteria (see Table 34). The median DOR in subjects who achieved a PR or better was 8.0 months (Range: 1.4, 32.5).
Table 34: Response Categories in Study PX-171-007 (20/56 mg/m2 Monotherapy Regimen)
| Characteristics | Study Patientsa n (%) |
| Number of Patients (%) | 24 (100) |
| Overall Responseb | 12 (50) |
| 95% CIc | (29, 71) |
| Response Category | |
| sCR | 1 (4) |
| CR | 0 (0) |
| VGPR | 4 (17) |
| PR | 7 (29) |
| CI = confidence interval; CR = complete response; PR = partial response; sCR = stringent complete response; VGPR = very good partial response a Eligible patients had 2 or more prior lines of therapy. b Per investigator assessment. c Exact confidence interval. |
|
Study PX-171-003 A1 was a single-arm, multicenter clinical trial of Kyprolis monotherapy by up to 10-minute infusion. Eligible patients were those with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who had received at least two prior therapies (including bortezomib and thalidomide and/or lenalidomide) and had ≤ 25% response to the most recent therapy or had disease progression during or within 60 days of the most recent therapy. Patients were excluded from the trial if they were refractory to all prior therapies or had a total bilirubin ≥ 2 × ULN; creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min; New York Heart Association Class III to IV congestive heart failure; symptomatic cardiac ischemia; myocardial infarction within the last 6 months; peripheral neuropathy Grade 3 or 4, or peripheral neuropathy Grade 2 with pain; active infections requiring treatment; or pleural effusion.
Kyprolis was administered intravenously up to 10 minutes on two consecutive days each week for three weeks, followed by a 12-day rest period (28-day treatment cycle), until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or for a maximum of 12 cycles. Patients received 20 mg/m2 at each dose in Cycle 1, and 27 mg/m2 in subsequent cycles. Dexamethasone 4 mg orally or intravenously was administered prior to Kyprolis doses in the first and second cycles.
A total of 266 patients were enrolled. Baseline patient and disease characteristics are summarized in Table 35.
Table 35: Demographics and Baseline Characteristics in Study PX-171-003 A1 (20/27 mg/m2 Monotherapy Regimen)
| Characteristics | Number of Patients (%) |
| Patient Characteristics | |
| Enrolled patients | 266 (100) |
| Median age, years (range) | 63 (37, 87) |
| Age group, < 65 / ≥ 65 (years) | 146 (55) / 120 (45) |
| Sex (male / female) | 155 (58) / 111 (42) |
| Race (White / Black / Asian / Other) | 190 (71) / 53 (20) / 6 (2) / 17 (6) |
| Disease Characteristics | |
| Number of Prior Regimens (median) | 5a |
| Prior Transplantation | 198 (74) |
| Refractory Status to Most Recent Therapyb | |
| Refractory: Progression during most recent therapy | 198 (74) |
| Refractory: Progression within 60 days after completion of most recent therapy | 38 (14) |
| Refractory: ≤ 25% response to treatment | 16 (6) |
| Relapsed: Progression after 60 days post treatment | 14 (5) |
| Years since diagnosis, median (range) | 5.4 (0.5, 22.3) |
| Plasma cell involvement (< 50% / ≥ 50% / unknown) | 143 (54) / 106 (40) / 17 (6) |
| ISS Stage at Study Baseline | |
| I | 76 (29) |
| II | 102 (38) |
| III | 81 (31) |
| Unknown | 7 (3) |
| Cytogenetics or FISH analyses | |
| Normal/Favorable | 159 (60) |
| Poor Prognosis | 75 (28) |
| Unknown | 32 (12) |
| Creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min | 6 (2) |
| FISH = Fluorescence in situ hybridization; ISS = International Staging System a Range: 1, 20. b Categories for refractory status are derived by programmatic assessment using available laboratory data. |
|
Efficacy was evaluated by ORR as determined by IRC assessment using IMWG criteria.
Efficacy results are provided in Table 36. The median DOR was 7.8 months (95% CI: 5.6, 9.2).
Table 36: Response Categories in Study PX-171-003 A1 (20/27 mg/m2 Monotherapy Regimen)
| Characteristics | Study Patientsa n (%) |
| Number of Patients (%) | 266 (100) |
| Overall Responseb | 61 (23) |
| 95% CIc | (18, 28) |
| Response Category | |
| CR | 1 (< 1) |
| VGPR | 13 (5) |
| PR | 47 (18) |
| CI = confidence interval; CR = complete response; PR = partial response; VGPR = very good partial response a Eligible patients had 2 or more prior lines of therapy and were refractory to the last regimen. b As assessed by the Independent Review Committee. c Exact confidence interval. |
|
Study PX-171-004 Part 2 was a single-arm, multicenter clinical trial of Kyprolis monotherapy by up to 10-minute infusion. Eligible patients were those with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who were bortezomib-naïve, had received one to three prior lines of therapy and had ≤ 25% response or progression during therapy or within 60 days after completion of therapy. Patients were excluded from the trial if they were refractory to standard first-line therapy or had a total bilirubin ≥ 2 × ULN; creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min; New York Heart Association Class III to IV congestive heart failure; symptomatic cardiac ischemia; myocardial infarction within the last 6 months; active infections requiring treatment; or pleural effusion.
Kyprolis was administered intravenously up to 10 minutes on two consecutive days each week for three weeks, followed by a 12-day rest period (28-day treatment cycle), until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or for a maximum of 12 cycles. Patients received 20 mg/m2 at each dose in Cycle 1, and 27 mg/m2 in subsequent cycles. Dexamethasone 4 mg orally or intravenously was administered prior to Kyprolis doses in the first and second cycles.
A total of 70 patients were treated with this 20/27 mg/m2 regimen. Baseline patient and disease characteristics are summarized in Table 37.
Table 37: Demographics and Baseline Characteristics in Study PX-171-004 Part 2 (20/27 mg/m2 Monotherapy Regimen)
| Characteristics | Number of Patients (%) |
| Patient Characteristics | |
| Enrolled patients | 70 (100) |
| Median age, years (range) | 66 (45, 85) |
| Age group, < 65 / ≥ 65 (years) | 31 (44) / 39 (56) |
| Sex (male / female) | 44 (63) / 26 (37) |
| Race (White / Black / Asian / Hispanic / Other) | 52 (74) / 12 (17) / 3 (4) / 2 (3) / 1 (1) |
| Disease Characteristics | |
| Number of Prior Regimens (median) | 2a |
| Prior Transplantation | 47 (67) |
| Refractory Status to Most Recent Therapyb | |
| Refractory: Progression during most recent therapy | 28 (40) |
| Refractory: Progression within 60 days after completion of most recent therapy | 7 (10) |
| Refractory: ≤ 25% response to treatment | 10 (14) |
| Relapsed: Progression after 60 days post treatment | 23 (33) |
| No Signs of Progression | 2 (3) |
| Years since diagnosis, median (range) | 3.6 (0.7, 12.2) |
| Plasma cell involvement (< 50% / ≥ 50% / unknown) | 54 (77) / 14 (20) / 1 (1) |
| ISS Stage at Study Baseline, n (%) | |
| I | 28 (40) |
| II | 25 (36) |
| III | 16 (23) |
| Unknown | 1 (1) |
| Cytogenetics or FISH analyses | |
| Normal/Favorable | 57 (81) |
| Poor Prognosis | 10 (14) |
| Unknown | 3 (4) |
| Creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min | 1 (1) |
| FISH = Fluorescence in situ hybridization; ISS = International Staging System a Range: 1, 4. b Categories for refractory status are derived by programmatic assessment using available laboratory data. |
|
Efficacy was evaluated by ORR as determined by IRC assessment using IMWG criteria.
Efficacy results are provided in Table 38. The median DOR was not reached.
Table 38: Response Categories in Study PX-171-004 Part 2 (20/27 mg/m2 Monotherapy Regimen)
| Characteristics | Study Patientsa n (%) |
| Number of Patients (%) | 70 (100) |
| Overall Responseb | 35 (50) |
| 95% CIc | (38, 62) |
| Response Category | |
| CR | 1 (1) |
| VGPR | 18 (26) |
| PR | 16 (23) |
| CI = confidence interval; CR = complete response; PR = partial response; VGPR = very good partial response a Eligible patients had 1-3 prior lines of therapy and were refractory to the last regimen. b As assessed by an Independent Review Committee. c Exact confidence interval. |
|
Discuss the following with patients prior to treatment with Kyprolis:
Advise patients of the risks and symptoms of cardiac failure and ischemia [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Counsel patients to avoid dehydration, since patients receiving Kyprolis therapy may experience vomiting and/or diarrhea. Instruct patients to seek medical advice if they experience symptoms of dehydration [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients that they may experience cough or shortness of breath (dyspnea) during treatment with Kyprolis. This most commonly occurs within a day of dosing. Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider if they experience shortness of breath [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Inform patients of the risk of venous thromboembolism and discuss the options for prophylaxis. Advise patients to seek immediate medical attention for symptoms of venous thrombosis or embolism [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients of the risk of infusion-related reactions and discuss the common signs and symptoms of infusion-related reactions with the patients [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Inform patients that they may bruise or bleed more easily or that it may take longer to stop bleeding and to report to their healthcare provider any prolonged, unusual or excessive bleeding. Instruct patients on the signs of occult bleeding [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Inform patients of the risk of developing hepatic failure. Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider for symptoms of hepatitis including worsening fatigue or yellow discoloration of skin or eyes [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Inform patients to contact their healthcare provider if they experience neurologic symptoms such as headaches, confusion, dizziness or loss of balance, difficulty talking or walking, decreased strength or weakness on one side of the body, seizures, or visual loss [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Advise patients that Kyprolis may cause fatigue, dizziness, fainting, and/or drop in blood pressure. Advise patients not to drive or operate machinery if they experience any of these symptoms [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Advise females of the potential risk to the fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to inform their healthcare provider immediately of a known or suspected pregnancy. Advise female patients to use effective contraceptive during treatment with Kyprolis and for 6 months following the last dose. Advise male patients with female sexual partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with Kyprolis and for 3 months following the last dose [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Use In Specific Populations].
Advise patients to avoid breastfeeding while receiving Kyprolis and for 2 weeks after the last dose [see Use In Specific Populations].
Advise patients to discuss with their healthcare provider any medication they are currently taking prior to starting treatment with Kyprolis, or prior to starting any new medication(s) during treatment with Kyprolis.
