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FLEQSUVY (baclofen oral suspension) is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA-ergic) agonist available as 25 mg per 5 mL (5 mg/mL) suspension for oral administration. Its chemical name is 4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-butanoic acid, and its structural formula is:
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Baclofen USP is a white to off-white, odorless or practically odorless crystalline powder. It is slightly soluble in water, very slightly soluble in methanol, and insoluble in chloroform.
The FLEQSUVY (baclofen oral suspension) inactive ingredients are: artificial grape flavor, citric acid anhydrous, D&C yellow No. 10, FD&C red No. 40, hydroxyethyl cellulose, propylene glycol, purified water, simethicone emulsion, sodium benzoate, and sucralose.
FLEQSUVY is indicated for the treatment of spasticity resulting from multiple sclerosis, particularly for the relief of flexor spasms and concomitant pain, clonus, and muscular rigidity.
FLEQSUVY may also be of some value in patients with spinal cord injuries and other spinal cord diseases.
FLEQSUVY is not indicated in the treatment of skeletal muscle spasm resulting from rheumatic disorders.
FLEQSUVY is a concentrated formulation. Verify the strength and the dose of the product prior to prescribing, dispensing, and administering.
Initiate FLEQSUVY with a low dosage, preferably in divided doses, administered orally. The following gradually increasing dosage regimen is suggested, but should be adjusted based on clinical response and tolerability:
Additional increases may be necessary up to the maximum recommended dosage of 80 mg daily [4 mL (20 mg) four times a day].
Shake well FLEQSUVY oral suspension before administration. Discard unused portion 2 months after first opening.
A calibrated measuring device is recommended to measure and deliver the prescribed dose accurately. A household teaspoon or tablespoon is not an adequate measuring device.
FLEQSUVY can be administered via a nasogastric (NG) tube at sizes 8 French or larger using the following steps:
When discontinuing FLEQSUVY, reduce the dosage slowly and avoid abrupt withdrawn from the drug to help minimize the risk of adverse reactions [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] .
Oral Suspension: 25 mg per 5 mL (5 mg/mL) baclofen as a concentrated orange to yellow- colored, grape-flavored suspension.
FLEQSUVY (baclofen oral suspension) contains 25 mg per 5 mL (5 mg/mL) baclofen. It is a concentrated orange to yellow-colored, grape-flavored suspension and is supplied in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles with white, polypropylene, child-resistant closures with a foam liner and heat induction layered inner seal.
120 mL, NDC 52652-6001-1
300 mL, NDC 52652-6001-2
Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted between 15° and 30° (59° and 86° F) (see USP Controlled Room Temperature).
Discard unused portion 2 months after first opening.
Manufactured for: Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Woburn, MA 01801. Revised: Apr 2024
The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling:
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The most common adverse reaction is transient drowsiness. In one controlled study of 175 patients, transient drowsiness was observed in 63% of those receiving baclofen compared to 36% of those in the placebo group. Other common adverse reactions (up to 15%) are dizziness and weakness. Adverse reactions with a frequency of ≥1% are listed in Table 1.
Table 1: Common (≥1%) Adverse Reactions in Patients Treated with Baclofen for Spasticity
| ADVERSE REACTION | PERCENT |
| Drowsiness | 10-63% |
| Dizziness | 5-15% |
| Weakness | 5-15% |
| Nausea | 4-12% |
| Confusion | 1-11% |
| Hypotension | 0-9% |
| Headache | 4-8% |
| Insomnia | 2-7% |
| Constipation | 2-6% |
| Urinary Frequency | 2-6% |
| Fatigue | 2-4% |
The following adverse reactions not included in Table 1, classified by body system, were also reported:
Neuropsychiatric: euphoria, excitement, depression, hallucinations, paresthesia, muscle pain, tinnitus, slurred speech, coordination disorder, tremor, rigidity, dystonia, ataxia, blurred vision, nystagmus, strabismus, miosis, mydriasis, diplopia, dysarthria, epileptic seizure
Cardiovascular: dyspnea, palpitation, chest pain, syncope
Gastrointestinal: dry mouth, anorexia, taste disorder, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and positive test for occult blood in stool
Genitourinary: enuresis, urinary retention, dysuria, impotence, inability to ejaculate, nocturia, hematuria
Other: rash, pruritus, ankle edema, excessive perspiration, weight gain, nasal congestion
The following laboratory tests have been found to be abnormal in patients receiving baclofen: increased SGOT, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and elevation of blood sugar.
FLEQSUVY can cause CNS depression, including drowsiness and sedation, which may be additive when used concomitantly with other CNS depressants or alcohol [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.
Abrupt discontinuation of baclofen, regardless of the cause, has resulted in adverse reactions that include hallucinations, seizures, high fever, altered mental status, exaggerated rebound spasticity, and muscle rigidity, that in rare cases has advanced to rhabdomyolysis, multiple organ-system failure, and death. Therefore, reduce the dosage slowly when FLEQSUVY is discontinued, unless the clinical situation justifies a rapid withdrawal.
Withdrawal symptoms in neonates whose mothers were treated with oral baclofen throughout pregnancy have been reported starting hours to days after delivery. The symptoms of withdrawal in these infants have included increased muscle tone, tremor, jitteriness, and seizure. If the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus and FLEQSUVY is continued during pregnancy, gradually reduce the dosage and discontinue FLEQSUVY before delivery. If slow withdrawal is not feasible, advise the parents or caregivers of the exposed neonate of the potential for neonatal withdrawal.
Drowsiness and sedation have been reported in up to 63% of patients taking baclofen, the active ingredient in FLEQSUVY [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Patients should avoid operation of automobiles or other dangerous machinery and activities made hazardous by decreased alertness when starting FLEQSUVY or increasing the dose until they know how the drug affects them.
Advise patients that the central nervous system depressant effects of FLEQSUVY may be additive to those of alcohol and other CNS depressants.
FLEQSUVY should be used with caution in patients who have had a stroke. Baclofen has not significantly benefited patients with stroke. These patients have also shown poor tolerability to the drug.
FLEQSUVY should be used with caution in patients suffering from psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, or confusional states. If treated with FLEQSUVY, these patients should be kept under careful surveillance because exacerbations of these conditions have been observed with oral baclofen administration.
FLEQSUVY should be used with caution in patients with a history of autonomic dysreflexia. The presence of nociceptive stimuli or abrupt withdrawal of FLEQSUVY may cause an autonomic dysreflexic episode.
FLEQSUVY should be used with caution in patients with epilepsy. Deterioration in seizure control has been reported in patients taking baclofen.
FLEQSUVY should be used with caution in patients where spasticity is utilized to sustain upright posture and balance in locomotion or whenever spasticity is utilized to obtain increased function.
A dose-related increase in incidence of ovarian cysts was observed in female rats treated chronically with oral baclofen. Ovarian cysts have been found by palpation in about 4% of the multiple sclerosis patients who were treated with oral baclofen for up to one year. In most cases, these cysts disappeared spontaneously while patients continued to receive the drug. Ovarian cysts are estimated to occur spontaneously in approximately 1% to 5% of the normal female population.
No increase in tumors was seen in rats receiving baclofen orally for two years at approximately 30 to 60 times on a mg/kg basis, or 10 to 20 times on a mg/m&suo2; basis, the maximum oral dose recommended for human use.
Genetic toxicology assays have not been conducted for baclofen.
Studies to evaluate the effects of baclofen on fertility have not been conducted.
There are no adequate data on the risk of major birth defects, miscarriages, or other maternal adverse outcomes associated with the use of FLEQSUVY in pregnant women. There are adverse effects on fetal outcomes associated with withdrawal from baclofen after delivery (see Clinical Considerations). Oral administration of baclofen to pregnant rats resulted in an increased incidence of fetal structural abnormalities at a dose that was also associated with maternal toxicity. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.
Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions
FLEQSUVY may increase the risk of late-onset neonatal withdrawal symptoms [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Animal Data
Baclofen given orally has been shown to increase the incidence of omphaloceles (ventral hernias) in fetuses of rats given approximately 13 times on a mg/kg basis, or 3 times on a mg/m&suo2; basis, the maximum oral dose recommended for human use; this dose also caused reductions in food intake and weight gain in the dams. This abnormality was not seen in mice or rabbits.
At recommended oral doses, baclofen is present in human milk. There are no human data on the effects of baclofen on milk production. Withdrawal symptoms can occur in breastfed infants when maternal administration of FLEQSUVY is stopped, or when breastfeeding is stopped [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. There are no adequate data on other effects of baclofen on the breastfed infant.
The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for FLEQSUVY and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from FLEQSUVY or from the underlying maternal condition.
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 12 have not been established.
In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function [see Use In Specific Populations].
Because baclofen is primarily excreted unchanged through the kidneys, FLEQSUVY should be given with caution to patients with renal impairment, and it may be necessary to reduce the dosage.
With overdose of baclofen, patients may present in coma or with progressive drowsiness, lightheadedness, dizziness, somnolence, accommodation disorders, respiratory depression, seizures, or hypotonia progressing to loss of consciousness.
The treatment of baclofen overdose includes gastric decontamination, maintaining an adequate airway and respirations.
FLEQSUVY is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to baclofen.
The precise mechanism of action of baclofen is not fully understood. Baclofen inhibits both monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes at the spinal level, possibly by decreasing excitatory neurotransmitter release from afferent terminals, although actions at supraspinal sites may also occur and contribute to its clinical effect. Baclofen is a structural analog of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma- aminobutyric acid (GABA) and may exert its effects by stimulation of the GABA receptor subtype.
Baclofen has been shown to have general CNS depressant properties, as indicated by the production of sedation with tolerance, somnolence, ataxia, and respiratory and cardiovascular depression [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, ADVERSE REACTIONS, and OVERDOSAGE].
A pharmacokinetic study in heathy adult male and female subjects under fasting conditions at 20 mg dose level demonstrated similar bioavailability for baclofen oral suspension and oral tablets.
The peak plasma concentrations of baclofen were achieved in about 1 hour from administration of FLEQSUVY oral suspension in the fasted state, and the apparent elimination half-life is about 5.6 hours.
Effect Of Food
Administration of FLEQSUVY with a high-fat meal resulted in 9% decrease in AUC and 33% decrease in Cmax compared to the fasted state.
Baclofen is excreted primarily by the kidney in unchanged form, and there is relatively large intersubject variation in absorption and/or elimination.
The efficacy of FLEQSUVY is based upon a bioavailability study in healthy adults comparing baclofen oral tablets to FLEQSUVY [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
Inform patients that FLEQSUVY is a concentrated formulation. Instruct patients or caregivers to use an oral dosing syringe and not to use a household teaspoon to correctly measure the prescribed amount of medication. Inform patients that oral dosing syringes may be obtained from their pharmacy. Instruct patients to shake before using [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Advise patients and caregivers not to discontinue use of FLEQSUVY without consulting with their healthcare provider because sudden withdrawal of FLEQSUVY can result in serious complications that include hallucinations, seizures, high fever, confusion, muscle stiffness, multiple organ-system failure, and death [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. Inform patients that early symptoms of FLEQSUVY withdrawal may include increased spasticity, itching, and tingling of extremities.
Advise patients to notify their healthcare provider if they are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or plan to breastfeed [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and Use In Specific Populations].
Advise patients that FLEQSUVY may cause drowsiness, and that they should avoid the operation of automobiles or other dangerous machinery, or activities made hazardous by decreased alertness when starting FLEQSUVY or increasing the dose until they know how the drug affects them [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. Inform patients and their caregivers that the drowsiness associated with FLEQSUVY use can be worsened by alcohol and other CNS depressants. Advise patients to read all medicine labels carefully, and to tell their healthcare provider about all prescription and nonprescription drugs they may use.
Instruct patients to store FLEQSUVY at room temperature and to discard unused portion 2 months after first opening [see HOW SUPPLIED/Storage And Handling].
