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Dojolvi (triheptanoin) is a synthetic medium odd-chain (C7) triglyceride supplied as a colorless to light yellow clear oral liquid. The chemical name of triheptanoin is heptanoic acid, 1,1',1''-(1,2,3propanetriyl) ester. The empirical formula is C24H44O6 and its molecular weight is 428.6 g/mol. The chemical structure is:
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The caloric value of triheptanoin is 8.3 kcal/mL.
DOJOLVI is indicated as a source of calories and fatty acids for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with molecularly confirmed long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC-FAOD).
All patients treated with DOJOLVI should be under the care of a clinical specialist knowledgeable in appropriate disease-related dietary management based upon current nutritional recommendations.
Assess the metabolic requirements of the patient by determining their daily caloric intake (DCI) prior to calculating the dose of DOJOLVI.
For patients receiving another medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) product, discontinue prior to the first dose of DOJOLVI.
The recommended target daily dosage of DOJOLVI is up to 35% of the patient’s total prescribed DCI divided into at least four doses and administered by mixing thoroughly into semi-solid food/liquid or medical food/formula at mealtimes or with snacks.
In order to reach a target daily dosage, patients may require an increase in their total fat intake.
The neonatal population may require higher fat intake and therefore an increased amount of DOJOLVI. Consider current nutritional recommendations when dosing the neonatal population.
The target daily dosage from DOJOLVI (%) is converted to a volume of DOJOLVI (mL) to be administered using the following calculation:
| Total Daily Dosage (_mL) = | Daily Caloric Intake (DCI) (__kcal) x___% Target from DOJOLVI | ||
| 8.3 | kcal mL |
of DOJOLVI | |
If a dose is missed, take the next dose as soon as possible with subsequent doses taken at 3 to 4-hour intervals. Skip the missed dose if it will not be possible to take all doses in a day.
Initiate DOJOLVI at a total daily dosage of approximately 10% DCI divided into at least four times per day. Increase to the recommended total daily dosage by approximately 5% DCI every 2 to 3 days until the target dosage of up to 35% DCI is achieved.
Discontinue use of MCT products before starting DOJOLVI.
Initiate DOJOLVI at the last tolerated daily dosage (mL) of MCT divided into at least four times per day. Increase the total daily dosage by approximately 5% DCI every 2 to 3 days until the target dosage of up to 35% DCI is achieved.
Administer DOJOLVI by mixing thoroughly with semi-solid food/liquid (oral administration) or medical food/formula (feeding tube administration). Do not administer DOJOLVI alone to avoid gastrointestinal upset and feeding tube degradation [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Prepare or administer DOJOLVI using containers, oral syringes, or measuring cups made of compatible materials such as stainless steel, glass, high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene, low density polyethylene, polyurethane, and silicone.
Do not prepare or administer DOJOLVI using containers, oral syringes, or measuring cups made of polystyrene or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics.
Regularly monitor the containers, dosing components, or utensils that are in contact with DOJOLVI to ensure proper functioning and integrity.
DOJOLVI is administered as an oral or enteral bolus medication. Do not add DOJOLVI to the feeding bag, as the feeding equipment may degrade over time.
DOJOLVI can be administered via oral or enteral feeding tubes manufactured of silicone or polyurethane. Do not use feeding tubes manufactured of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Feeding device performance and functionality can degrade over time depending on usage and environmental conditions. Regularly monitor the feeding tube to ensure proper functioning and integrity [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Oral liquid: clear, colorless to light yellow liquid supplied in a 500 mL bottle containing 100% w/w of triheptanoin.
DOJOLVI (triheptanoin) oral liquid is supplied in a glass bottle as follows:
| 500 mL bottle | NDC 69794-050-50 |
Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) (see USP Controlled Room Temperature). Do not freeze.
DOJOLVI can be used for up to 9 months after opening but not beyond the expiration date on the bottle.
Do not dose or store using materials made of polystyrene or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) containers [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION)].
Dispense only in glass or HDPE bottles.
Manufactured for: Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. 60 Leveroni Court Novato, CA 94949. Revised: Oct 2023.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The safety population included 79 patients with LC-FAOD exposed to DOJOLVI in two studies: one open-label 78-week study of DOJOLVI in 29 patients (Study 1) followed by an open-label extension study (Study 2). Twenty-four patients from Study 1 continued into Study 2. Patients ranged from 4 months to 63 years of age and the population was 52% male. Of the 79 patients, 87% were White, 5% were Black or African-American, 4% were Asian, and 4% other. The daily dosage of DOJOLVI ranged between 12% and 41% DCI (which corresponds to 0.7 g/kg/day to 6.0 g/kg/day for pediatric patients and 0.5 g/kg/day to 1.3 g/kg/day for adult patients) for a mean duration of 23 months.
The most common adverse reactions to DOJOLVI reported in the pooled safety population of Study 1 and Study 2 were gastrointestinal (GI)-related, and included abdominal pain (abdominal discomfort, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, abdominal pain upper, GI pain) [60%], diarrhea [44%], vomiting [44%], and nausea [14%].
In Study 1 and Study 2, median time to onset of a first occurrence of a GI adverse reaction was 7.3 weeks. GI adverse reactions led to dose reductions in 35% and 12% of patients in Study 1 and Study 2, respectively.
In Study 3, a 4-month double-blind randomized controlled study, commonly reported adverse reactions with triheptanoin were similar to those reported in Study 1 and Study 2.
Co-administration of triheptanoin with a pancreatic lipase inhibitor (e.g., orlistat) may reduce exposure to the triheptanoin metabolite, heptanoate, and reduce the clinical effect of triheptanoin [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. Avoid co-administration of DOJOLVI with pancreatic lipase inhibitors.
Included as part of the "PRECAUTIONS" Section
Feeding tube performance and functionality can degrade over time depending on usage and environmental conditions. In clinical trials, feeding tube dysfunction was reported in patients receiving triheptanoin. The contribution of DOJOLVI cannot be ruled out. Do not administer DOJOLVI in feeding tubes manufactured of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. Regularly monitor the feeding tube to ensure proper functioning and integrity.
Pancreatic enzymes hydrolyze triheptanoin and release heptanoate as medium-chain fatty acids in the small intestine. Low or absent pancreatic enzymes may result in reduced absorption of heptanoate subsequently leading to insufficient supplementation of medium-chain fatty acids. Avoid administration of DOJOLVI in patients with pancreatic insufficiency.
Advise the patient and/or caregiver to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (PATIENT INFORMATION and INSTRUCTION FOR USE).
Instruct the patient or caregiver:
Instruct the patient or caregiver to store DOJOLVI at room temperature in the bottle in which it was dispensed [see HOW SUPPLIED].
Advise the patient or caregiver to regularly monitor the feeding tube for proper functioning and integrity and report to the healthcare provider if any issues are identified [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Inform the patient or caregiver that pancreatic insufficiency may reduce the clinical effect of DOJOLVI. Any known pancreatic insufficiency should be reported to the healthcare provider [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise a patient who is exposed to DOJOLVI during pregnancy that there is a pregnancy safety study that monitors pregnancy outcomes. Encourage the patient to report the pregnancy to Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. at 1-888-756-8657 [see Use In Specific Populations].
Nonclinical animal studies evaluating long-term administration of triheptanoin have not been conducted to assess the carcinogenic potential of the drug. In a published chronic 9-month dietary study conducted in rats, daily administration of triheptanoin at dose levels up to 1.14 g/kg was associated with atrophy or hyperplasia of the intestinal villa. In a chronic 9-month dietary study conducted in juvenile minipigs, treatment with triheptanoin at dose levels up to 10 g/kg was well tolerated with no changes in histopathology suggestive of any carcinogenic potential.
Published studies with structurally similar triglycerides (i.e., MCTs) were also evaluated. In a 2-year dietary study of rats fed tricaprylin (C8 MCT) at dose levels up to 9.5 g/kg (approximately 1.2 times the anticipated maximum clinical dose), there were increased incidences of pancreatic and forestomach hyperplasia and adenomas but not carcinomas. Chronic administration of a diet containing approximately 17% MCT was not shown to promote effects on colon tumor incidence in an azomethane-induced colon tumorigenicity rat model.
Triheptanoin was not genotoxic in a battery of genotoxicity tests including the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation in S. typhimurium and E. coli, in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and the in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test in rat bone marrow.
Triheptanoin had no effect on fertility or any other parameters of mating performance in rats exposed to repeat dietary administration at dose levels equivalent to up to 50% daily caloric intake (16 g/kg) that resulted in systemic drug exposure (AUC) of heptanoate approximately equal to the maximum recommended human dose.
There are no available data on triheptanoin use in pregnant women to evaluate for a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. In animal reproduction studies conducted in pregnant rats and rabbits administered triheptanoin during the period of organogenesis, the primary toxicological effect (reduced body weight gain) was considered to be specific to decreased food consumption related to taste aversion in animals, and therefore is not relevant to clinical use in the intended populations.
There is a pregnancy safety study for DOJOLVI. If a patient becomes pregnant while receiving DOJOLVI, healthcare providers should report DOJOLVI exposure by calling Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. at 1-888-756-8657.
The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.
Animal Data
Embryofetal developmental studies have been conducted with triheptanoin in rats and rabbits following oral administration of 10% (3.2 g/kg), 30% (9.7 g/kg) and 50% (16 g/kg) DCI in rats and 10% (1.2 g/kg), 20% (2.3 g/kg) and 30% (3.5 g/kg) DCI in rabbits during the period of organogenesis. Reduced body weight gain, associated with decreased food consumption, was observed in pregnant rats and rabbits following administration of triheptanoin food mixture and was attributed to taste aversion. The NOAEL for this maternal toxicity (lack of body weight gain) was 10% DCI for both rats and rabbits. Administration of dietary triheptanoin to pregnant rats at doses approximately 2 times above, and pregnant rabbits approximately equal to the targeted clinical dose of 35% DCI resulted in increased incidence of skeletal malformations and decreased litter weights in both species and reduced number of viable litters in rabbits. The adverse effects on rat and rabbit embryofetal development were associated with the reduced body weight gain observed in pregnant animals. The NOAEL for embryofetal development toxicity was 30% and 20% DCI for rats and rabbits, respectively. In a pre- and postnatal developmental study in rats, reduced birthweights and delayed sexual maturation in pups were observed at 50% DCI and were considered secondary to the reductions in body weight gain in pregnant rats.
There are no data on the presence of triheptanoin or its metabolites in human or animal milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. Medium-chain triglycerides and other fatty acids are normal components of breastmilk and the composition of breastmilk varies within feedings, over stages of lactation, and between mothers and populations due to maternal factors including genetics, environment, and diet. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the clinical need for DOJOLVI and any potential adverse effect on the breastfed infant from DOJOLVI or from the underlying maternal condition.
The safety and effectiveness of DOJOLVI have been established in pediatric patients [see ADVERSE REACTIONS and Clinical Studies].
Clinical studies of DOJOLVI did not include patients 65 years of age and older to determine if they respond differently from younger adult patients.
No Information Provided
None.
Triheptanoin is a medium-chain triglyceride consisting of three odd-chain 7-carbon length fatty acids (heptanoate) that provide a source of calories and fatty acids to bypass the long-chain FAOD enzyme deficiencies for energy production and replacement.
No formal pharmacodynamic studies have been conducted with DOJOLVI.
Following oral administration, triheptanoin is extensively hydrolyzed to heptanoate and glycerol by pancreatic lipases in the intestines. The exposure of triheptanoin in the human plasma is minimal. Pharmacokinetics of heptanoate exhibits high inter-patient variability. Heptanoate exposure increases greater than dose-proportional in the dose range between triheptanoin 0.3 and 0.4 g/kg.
The pharmacokinetics of heptanoate in healthy adult subjects following an oral administration of DOJOLVI mixed with food are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1: Summary of Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Heptanoate after Single and Multiple Oral Administration of DOJOLVI to Healthy Adults (N = 13)
| DOJOLVI Dose | Mean (SD) Cmax (μmol/L) | Mean (SD) AUC0-8h (μmol*hr/L) | Time to First Peak Concentration* Median (range) (hours) | |
| SingleDose | 0.3 g/kg | 178.9 (145) | 336.5 (223) | 0.5 (0.4 to 1.0) |
| 0.4 g/kg | 259.1 (134) | 569.1 (189) | 0.8 (0.4 to 6.4) | |
| Multiple Doses | 0.3 g/kg administered 4 times a day for 2 days (total daily dosage of 1.3 g/kg/day) | 319.9 (164) | 789.8 (346) | 1.2 (0.0 to 2.4) |
| * After oral administration of DOJOLVI, more than one peak concentration of heptanoate is observed. | ||||
The plasma protein binding of heptanoate is approximately 80% and is independent of total concentration.
After a single dose of either 0.3 g/kg or 0.4 g/kg triheptanoin to healthy subjects, the mean apparent clearance (CL/F) of heptanoate was 6.05 and 4.31 L/hr/kg, respectively. Half-life (t1/2) of heptanoate could not be determined due to multiple peak concentrations of heptanoate observed.
Metabolism
Heptanoate, formed by hydrolysis of triheptanoin, can be metabolized to beta-hydroxypentanoate (BHP) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in the liver.
Excretion
After single or multiple repeat doses of triheptanoin to healthy subjects, triheptanoin and its metabolites were minimally excreted in urine.
Heptanoate is not an inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, or CYP3A4. Heptanoate and BHP are not CYP substrates nor UGT substrates. Heptanoate increases the unbound fraction of valproic acid by approximately 2-fold.
The efficacy of triheptanoin as a source of calories and fatty acids was evaluated in Study 3 (NCT01379625), a 4-month double-blind randomized controlled study comparing triheptanoin (7-carbon chain fatty acid) with trioctanoin (8-carbon chain fatty acid). The study enrolled 32 adult and pediatric patients with a confirmed diagnosis of LC-FAOD and evidence of at least one significant episode of rhabdomyolysis and at least two of the following diagnostic criteria: disease specific elevation of acylcarnitines on a newborn blood spot or in plasma, low enzyme activity in cultured fibroblasts, or one or more known pathogenic mutations in CPT2, ACADVL, HADHA, or HADHB.
The dosage of study drug was titrated to a protocol-specified target of 20% DCI (actual mean daily dose achieved was 16% for triheptanoin and 14% for trioctanoin). The recommended target dosage of DOJOLVI is up to 35% of DCI [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. Patients ranged in age from 7 years to 64 years (median 24 years) and 12 were male. Of the 32 patients, 100% were White and 3% were Hispanic.
Baseline cardiovascular function in both groups was normal and within test/retest variability normally observed in repeated echocardiograms. After 4 months, patients in both groups had similar mean changes from baseline in left ventricular ejection fraction and wall mass on resting echocardiogram and similar maximal heart rates on treadmill ergometry.
Five patients experienced 7 events of rhabdomyolysis in the triheptanoin group and 4 patients experienced 7 events of rhabdomyolysis in the trioctanoin group.
No differences were observed between triheptanoin and trioctanoin groups in blood markers of metabolism including glucose, insulin, lactate, total serum, ketones, acylcarnitines, and serum-free fatty acid concentrations.
DOJOLVI
(doh-johl-vee)
(triheptanoin) oral liquid
What is DOJOLVI?
DOJOLVI is a prescription medicine used to treat long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC-FAOD) in children and adults.
Before taking DOJOLVI, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you:
Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
How should I take DOJOLVI?
What are the possible side effects of DOJOLVI?
These are not all the possible side effects of DOJOLVI. Call your healthcare provider for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Ultragenyx at 1-888-756-8657 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
How should I store DOJOLVI?
General information about the safe and effective use of DOJOLVI.
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information Leaflet. Do not use DOJOLVI for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give DOJOLVI to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about DOJOLVI that is written for health professionals.
What are the ingredients in DOJOLVI?
DOJOLVI is made of 100% triheptanoin and contains no other ingredients.
This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
DOJOLVI
(doh-johl-vee)
(triheptanoin) oral liquid
This Instructions for Use contains information on how to take DOJOLVI. Read this Instructions for Use before you start taking DOJOLVI and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This Instructions for Use does not take the place of talking to your healthcare provider about your medical condition or treatment.
Important Information You Need to Know Before Taking or Giving DOJOLVI:
Taking DOJOLVI by mouth:
Giving DOJOLVI by feeding tube:
How should I store DOJOLVI?
Keep DOJOLVI and all medicines out of the reach of children.
This Instructions for Use has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
