Achromobacter Xylosoxidans

Achromobacter xylosoxidans

Background:

——————————————————————–
Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli
——————————————————————–
[cannot catabolize glucose and therefore are not able to ferment. Non-spore forming.]
>Acinetobacter baumannii
>Achromobacter xylosoxidans

>Bordetella pertussis
>Burkholderia species:
     1] Burkholderia cepacia (also known as Pseudomonas cepacia) – important
            pathogen of pulmonary infections in people with cystic fibrosis.
     2] Burkholderia pseudomallei (also known as Pseudomonas pseudomallei)
>Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (Previously Chryseobacterium meningosepticum)
>Moraxella catarrhalis (formerly known as Branhamella catarrhalis)
>Pseudomonas aeruginosa
>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Initially classified as Pseudomonas maltophilia)

Achromobacter xylosoxidans:

Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase and catalase-positive, motile bacterium with peritrichous flagella, from the genus of Achromobacter which exist in water environment and was isolated from patients (pulmonary).
Achromobacter xylosoxidans can cause infections like bacteremia, especially for patients who suffer from cystic fibrosis.
The complete genome of Achromobacter xylosoxidans is sequenced.

Therapy:

Important considerations: The choice of an agent should be based on local antimicrobial sensitivities, site of infection, cost, and comorbid conditions. Generally, the most common agents/regimens are listed first. Listed dosages may need to be adjusted for renal dysfunction.

Achromobacter xylosoxidans: Usually resistant to multiple antibiotics which complicates therapy.

Cefepime 1-2 grams IV every 8-12 hours
Bactrim Mild-moderate infection: 8 to 10 mg/kg/day (based on trimethoprim component) IV divided in 2-4 doses. Severe infection: 15 to 20 mg/kg/day (based on trimethoprim component) IV, given in equally divided doses every 6 to 8 hours.
Imipenem 500mg IV every 6 hours [Range: 250-1000 mg q6-8h]
Meropenem 0.5 – 1 gram IV q8h