WARNINGS
Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.
PRECAUTIONS
Hepatic Injury
ZINBRYTA can cause life-threatening severe liver injury,
including liver failure and autoimmune hepatitis. In controlled studies,
serious drug-related hepatic injury occurred in 0.7% of ZINBRYTA-treated
patients compared with 0.4% of AVONEX-treated patients (Study 1) and in 1.0% of
ZINBRYTA-treated patients compared with no injury in placebo patients (Study
2). Across all clinical studies (controlled and open-label), serious
drug-related hepatic injury occurred in 1% of ZINBRYTA-treated patients, with
monthly monitoring of transaminases and total bilirubin. The incidence of
discontinuation due to drug related hepatic injury was 5% in ZINBRYTA-treated
patients and 4% in AVONEX-treated patients.
Autoimmune Hepatitis
Across all clinical studies (controlled and open-label),
0.3% of ZINBRYTA-treated patients developed autoimmune hepatitis. One fatal
case of autoimmune hepatitis occurred in a patient re-initiating ZINBRYTA after
a planned 6 month treatment interruption period. This patient subsequently
received two doses of ZINBRYTA in the presence of persisting alanine
aminotransferase levels (ALT) more than 5 times the upper limit of normal
(ULN).
Transaminase And Total Bilirubin Elevations
The incidence of increases in hepatic transaminases was
greater in patients taking ZINBRYTA than in those taking AVONEX or placebo. The
incidence of ALT or AST elevations above 5 times the ULN was 6% in
ZINBRYTA-treated patients compared with 3% in AVONEX-treated patients (Study 1)
and 4% in ZINBRYTA-treated patients compared with 1% in patients on placebo
(Study 2). Less than 1% of ZINBRYTA-treated patients had ALT or AST greater
than 20 times the ULN. Elevations of hepatic transaminases of at least 3 times
the ULN combined with elevated bilirubin at least 2 times the ULN and alkaline
phosphatase less than 2 times the ULN occurred in 0.7% of ZINBRYTA-treated
patients compared with 0.1% of AVONEX-treated patients. In clinical trials,
serum transaminase elevations occurred during treatment and up to 4 months
after the last dose of ZINBRYTA.
Monitoring
Prior to starting treatment with ZINBRYTA, obtain serum
transaminases (ALT and AST) and total bilirubin levels [see CONTRAINDICATIONS].
Test transaminase levels and total bilirubin monthly and
assess before the next dose of ZINBRYTA. Follow transaminase levels and total
bilirubin monthly for 6 months after the last dose of ZINBRYTA.
Treatment modifications are recommended based on serum
transaminase and total bilirubin values [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
If a patient develops clinical signs or symptoms
suggestive of hepatic dysfunction (e.g., unexplained nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain, fatigue, anorexia, or jaundice and/or dark urine), promptly
measure serum transaminases and total bilirubin and interrupt or discontinue
treatment with ZINBRYTA, as appropriate.
Patients with prolonged elevations of serum transaminases
should be evaluated for other possible causes, such as infection, and a
specialist should evaluate the patient [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Discontinue ZINBRYTA if autoimmune hepatitis is suspected. Treatment of
autoimmune hepatitis with systemic corticosteroids and other immunosuppressant
drugs may be required. Some patients may need long-term immunosuppression.
Risk Of Hepatic Injury With Concomitant Use Of Other
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Caution should be used when using hepatotoxic drugs,
including non-prescription products, concomitantly with ZINBRYTA. Also,
carefully consider the need for the use of herbal products or dietary
supplements that can cause hepatotoxicity [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].
Immune-Mediated Disorders
Treatment with ZINBRYTA increases the risk of
immune-mediated disorders, including autoimmune disorders such as autoimmune
hepatitis. Across all clinical studies (controlled and open-label),
immune-mediated disorders occurred in 28% of patients on ZINBRYTA, the most
common of which were skin reactions and lymphadenopathy. In the active-control
study (Study 1), immune-mediated disorders were observed in 32% of
ZINBRYTA-treated patients compared with 12% for AVONEX-treated patients. In
Study 1, serious immune-mediated disorders were observed in 4% of patients
treated with ZINBRYTA compared with less than 1% for AVONEX-treated patients.
In the placebo-control study (Study 2), immune-mediated disorders were observed
in 13% of ZINBRYTA-treated patients compared with 7% of placebo-treated
patients. In Study 2, serious immune-mediated disorders were observed in 0.5%
of ZINBRYTA-treated patients and in 0.5% of placebo-treated patients. In some
cases, patients had concurrent or sequential occurring disorders while taking
ZINBRYTA.
Some patients required invasive procedures for diagnosis
(e.g., colonoscopy, liver biopsy, kidney biopsy, lung biopsy), hospitalization
for fluid replacement or blood transfusion, or prolonged treatment with
systemic corticosteroids or immunosuppressant drugs. Some of these events did
not resolve after stopping ZINBRYTA during study follow-up.
Prescribers should be vigilant regarding emergent
immune-mediated disorders. For suspected immune-mediated disorders, ensure
adequate evaluation to confirm etiology or to exclude other causes. If a
patient develops a serious immune-mediated disorder, consider stopping ZINBRYTA
and refer the patient to an appropriate specialist for further evaluation and
treatment.
Skin Reactions
ZINBRYTA causes skin reactions. In clinical trials, skin
reactions occurred in 37% of ZINBRYTA-treated patients compared with 19% of
AVONEX-treated patients (Study 1) and in 18% of ZINBRYTA-treated patients
compared with 13% of patients on placebo (Study 2). Skin reactions occurred at
any time during treatment with ZINBRYTA. Rashes occurred in 11% of
ZINBRYTA-treated patients compared to 4% of AVONEX-treated patients, and in 7%
of ZINBRYTA-treated patients compared to 3% of patients on placebo. Dermatitis
occurred more frequently in ZINBRYTA-treated patients compared to
AVONEX-treated patients or to patients on placebo, and eczema was observed more
frequently in ZINBRYTA-treated patients compared to AVONEX-treated patients [see
ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Psoriatic conditions occurred in 2% of ZINBRYTA-treated
patients compared with 0.3% of AVONEX-treated patients. Photosensitivity also
occurred.
Serious skin reactions occurred in 2% of patients treated
with ZINBRYTA compared with 0.1% of patients on AVONEX (Study 1) and in 1% of
patients treated with ZINBRYTA compared with none treated with placebo (Study
2). One death resulted from infectious complications following a serious
cutaneous reaction. In patients with a history of skin conditions, including
eczema or psoriasis, use of ZINBRYTA may exacerbate those conditions. Treatment
of skin reactions included treatment with topical or systemic steroids or
immunosuppressant drugs, including tacrolimus. In clinical trials,
discontinuation because of skin reactions was 4% in ZINBRYTA-treated patients.
Rashes took a mean of 3 months to resolve, some were unresolved at the time of
the last evaluation.
If a patient develops a serious diffuse or inflammatory
rash, it is recommended that a dermatologist evaluate the patient before the
next dose of ZINBRYTA. Discontinuation of ZINBRYTA may be appropriate.
Lymphadenopathy
ZINBRYTA increases the incidence of lymphadenopathy. In
controlled studies, lymphadenopathy or lymphadenitis occurred in 6% of
ZINBRYTA-treated patients compared with 1% of AVONEX-treated patients (Study 1)
and in 2% of ZINBRYTA-treated patients compared with 1% of placebo-treated
patients (Study 2). Onset of lymphadenopathy or lymphadenitis occurred
throughout the treatment period. Serious events related to lymphadenopathy or
lymphadenitis included infections, benign salivary neoplasm, skin reactions,
thrombocytopenia, and interstitial lung changes [see
Infections]. The majority of cases resolved with or
without continued treatment with ZINBRYTA and took a mean of 3 months to
resolve. Lymphadenopathy resulted in discontinuation in 0.6 % of
ZINBRYTA-treated patients.
Some patients with lymphadenopathy underwent diagnostic
biopsy. In the event that lymph node biopsy is considered, full diagnostic
evaluation should be conducted by a specialist.
Non-Infectious Colitis
An increased incidence of serious colitis (less than 1%)
was reported in patients treated with ZINBRYTA compared with none for patients
treated with AVONEX or placebo in clinical trials. Consider referring patients
who develop symptoms of colitis (e.g., abdominal pain, fever, prolonged
diarrhea) to a specialist.
Other Immune-Mediated Disorders
A wide variety of other immune-mediated disorders, some
serious, have occurred infrequently with the use of ZINBRYTA. These include
single organ or systemic multi-organ inflammatory reactions. Many events
occurred in only one patient, and the relationship to ZINBRYTA is unknown [see ADVERSE
REACTIONS]. Some required treatment with systemic corticosteroids. Some
required several months for resolution after the last dose of ZINBRYTA.
For suspected immune-mediated disorders, ensure adequate
evaluation to confirm etiology or to exclude other causes. If a patient
develops a serious immune-mediated disorder, consider stopping ZINBRYTA and
refer the patient to an appropriate specialist for further evaluation and
treatment.
ZINBRYTA REMS Program
ZINBRYTA is available only through a restricted program
under a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) called the ZINBRYTA REMS
Program, because of the risks of hepatic injury including autoimmune hepatitis,
and other immune-mediated disorders [see Hepatic Injury and Immune-Mediated Disorders].
Notable requirements of the ZINBRYTA REMS Program include
the following:
- Prescribers must be certified with the program by
enrolling and completing training.
- Patients must enroll in the program and comply with
ongoing monitoring requirements [see Hepatic Injury and Immune-Mediated Disorders].
- Pharmacies must be certified with the program and must
only dispense to patients who are authorized to receive ZINBRYTA.
Further information, including a list of qualified
pharmacies/distributors, is available at 1-800-456-2255
Acute Hypersensitivity
ZINBRYTA can cause anaphylaxis, angioedema, and urticaria
after the first dose or at any time during treatment. Discontinue and do not
re-start ZINBRYTA if anaphylaxis or other allergic reactions occur [see CONTRAINDICATIONS].
Infections
ZINBRYTA increases the risk for infections. In controlled
trials, infections occurred in 65% of ZINBRYTA-treated patients compared with
57% of AVONEX-treated patients (Study 1) and in 50% of ZINBRYTA-treated
patients compared with 44% of patients taking placebo (Study 2). Serious
infections occurred in 4% of ZINBRYTA-treated patients compared with 2% of
AVONEX-treated patients (Study 1) and in 3% of ZINBRYTA-treated patients compared
with none on placebo (Study 2).
The most common types of infections observed were upper
respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections and viral infections.
In clinical trials, cases of tuberculosis occurred in
countries where tuberculosis is endemic. Evaluate high-risk patients for
tuberculosis infection prior to initiating treatment with ZINBRYTA. For
patients testing positive for tuberculosis, treat by standard medical practice
prior to therapy with ZINBRYTA [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Avoid initiating ZINBRYTA in patients with severe active
infection until the infection is fully controlled. If serious infection
develops, consider withholding treatment with ZINBRYTA until the infection
resolves.
Vaccinations
The safety of immunization with live viral vaccines
during treatment with ZINBRYTA has not been studied. Vaccination with live
vaccines is not recommended during treatment and up to 4 months after
discontinuation of ZINBRYTA [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Depression And Suicide
Depression-related events occurred more frequently in
patients receiving ZINBRYTA than in patients receiving AVONEX or placebo. In
controlled trials, depression-related events occurred in 10% of ZINBRYTA-treated
patients compared with 8% of AVONEX-treated patients (Study 1) and in 7% of
ZINBRYTA-treated patients compared with 2% of patients taking placebo (Study
2). In Study 1, serious events related to depression, including suicidal
ideation or suicide attempt, occurred in 0.4% of ZINBRYTA-treated patients and
in 0.7% of AVONEX-treated patients. None occurred in Study 2
(placebo-controlled).
Administer ZINBRYTA with caution to patients with
previous or current depressive disorders. Advise patients and/or caregivers to
immediately report any symptoms of new or worsening depression and/or suicidal
ideation to their healthcare provider.
If a patient develops severe depression and/or suicidal
ideation, consider discontinuation of ZINBRYTA.
Patient Counseling Information
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient
labeling (Medication Guide and Instructions for Use).
Hepatic Injury
Inform the patient of the risk of severe hepatic injury
associated with ZINBRYTA. Advise patients of the symptoms of hepatic
dysfunction, and instruct patients to report such symptoms to their health care
provider immediately [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Discuss with the patient the importance of measuring
hepatic laboratory values and having them evaluated by the health care provider
monthly while taking ZINBRYTA and for up to 6 months after the last dose of
ZINBRYTA.
Discuss with the patient the risk of concomitant use of
other hepatotoxic medications, over the counter medications, herbal products,
or dietary supplements.
Inform the patient that they will be given a ZINBRYTA
Patient Wallet Card that they should carry with them at all times. This card
describes symptoms which, if experienced, should prompt the patient to
immediately seek medical evaluation.
Advise the patient to show the ZINBRYTA Patient Wallet
Card to other treating health care providers.
Immune-Mediated Disorders
Advise patients that ZINBRYTA can cause their immune
system to attack healthy cells in their body and that this can affect any organ
system.
Skin Reactions
Advise patients that ZINBRYTA can cause dermatologic
reactions that can range from mild rashes to serious reactions that could
require treatment with other medications or result in hospitalization. Instruct
patients to seek immediate medical attention if dermatologic reactions occur [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Lymphadenopathy
Inform patients that ZINBRYTA may cause lymphadenopathy
that can range from mild events that can resolve on their own to serious
lymphadenopathy that may require invasive procedures for diagnosis. Inform
patients of the symptoms and instruct patients to contact their health care
provider if they develop lymphadenopathy [see WARNINGS
AND PRECAUTIONS].
Non-Infectious Colitis
Inform patients that ZINBRYTA may cause gastrointestinal
reactions that may be serious and could require treatment. Advise patients of
the symptoms of colitis and instruct patients to promptly contact their
healthcare provider if they experience these symptoms [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
ZINBRYTA REMS Program
ZINBRYTA is available only through a restricted program
called the ZINBRYTA REMS Program [see WARNINGS AND
PRECAUTIONS]. Inform the patient of the following notable
requirements:
- Patients must enroll in the program and comply with
ongoing monitoring requirements [see WARNINGS AND
PRECAUTIONS].
ZINBRYTA is available only from certified pharmacies
participating in the program. Therefore, provide patients with the telephone
number and website for information on how to obtain the product.
Allergic Reactions And Anaphylaxis
Advise patients of the symptoms of allergic reactions and
anaphylaxis, and instruct patients to seek immediate medical attention if these
symptoms occur [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Risk Of Infections
Inform patients that they may be more likely to get
infections when taking ZINBRYTA, and that they should contact their health care
provider if they develop symptoms of infection [see
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Depression And Suicide
Advise patients of the symptoms of depression and
suicidal ideation as they have occurred with the use of ZINBRYTA and instruct
patients to report symptoms of depression or thoughts of suicide to their
health care provider immediately [see WARNINGS AND
PRECAUTIONS].
Instructions For Self-Injection Technique And Procedures
Provide appropriate instruction for methods of
self-injection, including careful review of the ZINBRYTA Instructions for Use.
Instruct the patient in the use of aseptic technique when administering
ZINBRYTA.
Inform the patient that a health care provider should
show them or their caregiver how to inject ZINBRYTA before administering the
first dose. Tell the patient not to re-use needles, pens or syringes, and
instruct the patient on safe disposal procedures. Inform the patient to dispose
of used needles, pens and syringes in a puncture-resistant container.
Nonclinical Toxicology
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility
Carcinogenesis
The carcinogenic potential of ZINBRYTA has not been
assessed.
Mutagenesis
Genetic toxicology studies of ZINBRYTA have not been
conducted.
Impairment Of Fertility
ZINBRYTA (0, 10, 50, or 200 mg/kg) administered biweekly
by subcutaneous injection to monkeys had no adverse effect on male (sperm
motility, concentration, and morphology or testosterone levels) or female
(estrus cycle length or estradiol/progesterone patterns) fertility endpoints.
At the highest dose tested, plasma exposures (AUC) in males and females were
100 and 85 times, respectively, that at the recommended human dose (RHD) of 150
mg.
Use In Specific Populations
Pregnancy
Risk Summary
There are no adequate data on the developmental risk
associated with use of ZINBRYTA in pregnant women.
Administration of ZINBRYTA to monkeys during gestation
resulted in embryofetal death and reduced fetal growth at maternal exposures
greater than 30 times that expected clinically [see Data]. In the U.S.
general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and
miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%,
respectively. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for
the indicated population is unknown.
Data
Animal Data
In monkeys administered ZINBRYTA (0, 10, 50, or 200
mg/kg) weekly by subcutaneous injection during organogenesis (gestation days 20
through 50), there was a decrease in fetal body weight and crown-rump length,
and an increase in embryofetal death at the highest dose tested. Plasma
exposure (AUC) at the no-effect dose of 50 mg/kg was approximately 30 times that
in humans at the recommended human dose (RHD) of 150 mg.
In monkeys administered ZINBRYTA (50 mg/kg) weekly by
subcutaneous injection from gestation day 50 to birth, there were no effects on
pre-or postnatal development for up to 6 months after birth. Plasma exposure
(AUC) at the administered dose was 55 times that in humans at the RHD.
Lactation
Risk Summary
There are no data on the presence of daclizumab in human
milk, the effects on the breastfed child, or the effects of the drug on milk
production. Daclizumab was excreted in the milk of ZINBRYTA-treated monkeys.
The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding
should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for ZINBRYTA and any
potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from ZINBRYTA or from the
underlying maternal condition.
Pediatric Use
Safety and effectiveness of ZINBRYTA in patients less
than 17 years old have not been established. Use of ZINBRYTA is not recommended
in pediatric patients due to the risks of hepatic injury and immune-mediated
disorders [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Geriatric Use
Clinical studies of ZINBRYTA did not include a sufficient
number of patients aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond
differently than younger patients.
Hepatic Impairment
Clinical trials did not include patients with ALT or AST
more than two times the ULN. Patients with signs and symptoms of hepatic
impairment may be at increased risk for hepatotoxicity from ZINBRYTA [see
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, CONTRAINDICATIONS, and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].