WARNINGS
Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.
PRECAUTIONS
Differentiation Syndrome
Of 319 patients treated with
XOSPATA in the clinical trials, 3% experienced differentiation syndrome.
Differentiation syndrome is associated with rapid proliferation and
differentiation of myeloid cells and may be life-threatening or fatal if not
treated. Symptoms of differentiation syndrome in patients treated with XOSPATA
included fever, dyspnea, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, pulmonary
edema, hypotension, rapid weight gain, peripheral edema, rash, and renal
dysfunction. Some cases had concomitant acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis.
Differentiation syndrome occurred as early as 2 days and up to 75 days after
XOSPATA initiation and has been observed with or without concomitant
leukocytosis. Of the 11 patients who experienced differentiation syndrome, 9
(82%) recovered after treatment or after dose interruption of XOSPATA.
If differentiation syndrome is
suspected, initiate dexamethasone 10 mg IV every 12 hours (or an equivalent
dose of an alternative oral or IV corticosteroid) and hemodynamic monitoring
until improvement. Taper corticosteroids after resolution of symptoms and
administer corticosteroids for a minimum of 3 days. Symptoms of differentiation
syndrome may recur with premature discontinuation of corticosteroid treatment.
If severe signs and/or symptoms persist for more than 48 hours after initiation
of corticosteroids, interrupt XOSPATA until signs and symptoms are no longer
severe [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Posterior Reversible
Encephalopathy Syndrome
Of 319 patients treated with XOSPATA in the clinical
trials, 1% experienced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) with
symptoms including seizure and altered mental status. Symptoms have resolved
after discontinuation of XOSPATA. A diagnosis of PRES requires confirmation by
brain imaging, preferably magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Discontinue XOSPATA
in patients who develop PRES [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and ADVERSE
REACTIONS].
Prolonged QT Interval
XOSPATA has been associated with prolonged cardiac
ventricular repolarization (QT interval). Of the 317 patients with a
post-baseline QTc measurement on treatment with XOSPATA in the clinical trial,
1% were found to have a QTc interval greater than 500 msec and 7% of patients
had an increase from baseline QTc greater than 60 msec. Perform
electrocardiogram (ECG) prior to initiation of treatment with gilteritinib, on
days 8 and 15 of cycle 1, and prior to the start of the next two subsequent
cycles. Interrupt and reduce XOSPATA dosage in patients who have a QTcF >500
msec [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, ADVERSE REACTIONS and CLINICAL
PHARMACOLOGY].
Hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia may increase the QT
prolongation risk. Correct hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia prior to and during
XOSPATA administration.
Pancreatitis
Of 319 patients treated with XOSPATA in the clinical
trials, 4% experienced pancreatitis. Evaluate patients who develop signs and
symptoms of pancreatitis. Interrupt and reduce the dose of XOSPATA in patients
who develop pancreatitis [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Embryo-Fetal Toxicity
Based on findings in animals and its mechanism of action,
XOSPATA can cause embryo-fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. In
animal reproduction studies, administration of gilteritinib to pregnant rats
during organogenesis caused embryo-fetal lethality, suppressed fetal growth and
teratogenicity at maternal exposures (AUC24) approximately 0.4 times the AUC24 in
patients receiving the recommended dose. Advise females of reproductive
potential to use effective contraception during treatment with XOSPATA and for
at least 6 months after the last dose of XOSPATA. Advise males with female
partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during
treatment with XOSPATA and for at least 4 months after the last dose of
XOSPATA. Pregnant women, patients becoming pregnant while receiving XOSPATA or
male patients with pregnant female partners should be apprised of the potential
risk to the fetus [see Use In Specific Populations and CLINICAL
PHARMACOLOGY].
Patient Counseling Information
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient
labeling (Medication Guide).
Differentiation Syndrome
Advise patients of the risks of developing
differentiation syndrome as early as 2 days after the start of therapy and
during the first 3 months on treatment. Ask patients to immediately report any
symptoms suggestive of differentiation syndrome, such as fever, cough or
difficulty breathing, rash, low blood pressure, rapid weight gain, swelling of
their arms or legs, or decreased urinary output, to their healthcare provider
for further evaluation [see BOXED WARNING and WARNINGS AND
PRECAUTIONS].
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome
Advise patients of the risk of developing posterior
reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Ask patients to immediately report
any symptoms suggestive of PRES, such as seizure and altered mental status, to
their healthcare provider for further evaluation [see WARNINGS AND
PRECAUTIONS].
Prolonged QT Interval
Advise patients to consult their healthcare provider
immediately if they feel faint, lose consciousness, or have signs or symptoms
suggestive of arrhythmia. Advise patients with a history of hypokalemia or
hypomagnesemia of the importance of monitoring their electrolytes [see WARNINGS
AND PRECAUTIONS].
Pancreatitis
Advise patients of the risk of pancreatitis and to
contact their healthcare provider for signs or symptoms of pancreatitis, which
include severe and persistent stomach pain, with or without nausea and vomiting
[see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Use Of Contraceptives
- Advise female patients with reproductive potential to use
effective contraceptive methods while receiving XOSPATA and to avoid pregnancy
while on treatment and for 6 months after completion of treatment.
- Advise patients to notify their healthcare provider
immediately in the event of a pregnancy or if pregnancy is suspected during
XOSPATA treatment.
- Advise males with female partners of reproductive
potential to use effective contraception during treatment with XOSPATA and for
at least 4 months after the last dose of XOSPATA [see Use In Specific
Populations].
Lactation
Advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with
XOSPATA for at least 2 months after the final dose [see Use In Specific
Populations].
Dosing Instructions
Advise patients not to break, crush or chew the tablets
but to swallow them whole with a cup of water.
Instruct patients that, if they miss a dose of XOSPATA,
to take it as soon as possible on the same day, and at least 12 hours prior to
the next scheduled dose, and return to the normal schedule the following day.
Instruct patients to not take 2 doses within 12 hours [see DOSAGE AND
ADMINISTRATION].
Nonclinical Toxicology
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility
Carcinogenicity studies have not been performed with
gilteritinib.
Gilteritinib was not mutagenic in a bacterial mutagenesis
(Ames) assay and was not clastogenic in a chromosome aberration test assay in
Chinese hamster lung cells. Gilteritinib was positive for the induction of
micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells from 65 mg/kg (195 mg/m²) the mid dose
tested (approximately 2.6 times the recommended human dose of 120 mg).
The effect of XOSPATA on human fertility is unknown.
Administration of 10 mg/kg/day gilteritinib in the 4week study in dogs (12 days
of dosing) resulted in degeneration and necrosis of germ cells and spermatid
giant cell formation in the testis as well as single cell necrosis of the
epididymal duct epithelia of the epididymal head.
Use In Specific Populations
Pregnancy
Risk Summary
Based on findings from animal studies (see Data) and
its mechanism of action, XOSPATA can cause fetal harm when administered to a
pregnant woman [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
There are no available data on XOSPATA use in pregnant
women to inform a drug-associated risk of adverse developmental outcomes. In
animal reproduction studies, administration of gilteritinib to pregnant rats
during organogenesis caused adverse developmental outcomes including
embryo-fetal lethality, suppressed fetal growth, and teratogenicity at maternal
exposures (AUC24) approximately 0.4 times the AUC24 in patients receiving the
recommended dose (see Data). Advise pregnant women of the potential risk
to a fetus.
Adverse outcomes in pregnancy occur regardless of the
health of the mother or the use of medications. The background risk of major
birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S.
general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and
miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2%-4% and 15%-20%,
respectively.
Data
Animal Data
In an embryo-fetal development study in rats, pregnant
animals received oral doses of gilteritinib of 0, 0.3, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg/day
during the period of organogenesis. Maternal findings at 30 mg/kg/day
(resulting in exposures approximately 0.4 times the AUC24 in patients receiving
the recommended dose) included decreased body weight and food consumption.
Administration of gilteritinib at the dose of 30 mg/kg/day also resulted in
embryo-fetal death (postimplantation loss), decreased fetal body and placental
weight, and decreased numbers of ossified sternebrae and sacral and caudal
vertebrae, and increased incidence of fetal gross external (anasarca, local
edema, exencephaly, cleft lip, cleft palate, short tail, and umbilical hernia),
visceral (microphthalmia; atrial and/or ventricular defects; and
malformed/absent kidney, and malpositioned adrenal, and ovary), and skeletal
(sternoschisis, absent rib, fused rib, fused cervical arch, misaligned cervical
vertebra, and absent thoracic vertebra) abnormalities.
Single oral administration of [14C]
gilteritinib to pregnant rats resulted in transfer of radioactivity to the
fetus similar to that observed in maternal plasma on day 14 of gestation. In
addition, distribution profiles of radioactivity in most maternal tissues and
the fetus on day 18 of gestation were similar to that on day 14 of gestation.
Lactation
Risk Summary
There are no data on the presence of gilteritinib and/or
its metabolites in human milk, the effects on the breastfed child, or the
effects on milk production. Following administration of radiolabeled
gilteritinib to lactating rats, milk concentrations of radioactivity were
higher than radioactivity in maternal plasma at 4 and 24 hours post-dose. In
animal studies, gilteritinib and/or its metabolite(s) were distributed to the
tissues in infant rats via the milk. Because of the potential for serious
adverse reactions in a breastfed child, advise a lactating woman not to
breastfeed during treatment with XOSPATA and for at least 2 months after the
last dose.
Females And Males Of Reproductive Potential
Pregnancy Testing
Pregnancy testing is recommended for females of reproductive
potential within seven days prior to initiating XOSPATA treatment [see Use In
Specific Populations].
Contraception
Females
Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective
contraception during treatment and for at least 6 months after the last dose of
XOSPATA.
Males
Advise males of reproductive potential to use effective
contraception during treatment and for at least 4 months after the last dose of
XOSPATA.
Pediatric Use
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not
been established.
Geriatric Use
Of the 319 patients in clinical studies of XOSPATA, 43%
were age 65 years or older, and 13% were 75 years or older. No overall
differences in effectiveness or safety were observed between patients age 65
years or older and younger patients.