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Sotrovimab is a human immunoglobulin G-1 (IgG1-kappa) monoclonal antibody consisting of 2 identical light chain (LC) polypeptides composed of 214 amino acids each and 2 identical heavy chain (HC) polypeptides, each composed of 457 amino acids. Sotrovimab is produced by a Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line and has a molecular weight of approximately 149 kDa.
Sotrovimab injection is a sterile, preservative-free, clear, colorless or yellow to brown solution supplied in a single-dose vial for IV infusion after dilution.
Each mL contains sotrovimab (62.5 mg), L-histidine (1.51 mg), L-histidine monohydrochloride (2.15 mg), L-methionine (0.75 mg), polysorbate 80 (0.4 mg), and sucrose (70 mg). The solution of sotrovimab has a pH of 6.0.
The Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) has issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for the emergency use of sotrovimab for the treatment of mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults and pediatric patients (12 years of age and older weighing at least 40 kg) with positive results of direct SARS-CoV-2 viral testing, and who are at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death. However, sotrovimab is not approved for this use (i.e., sotrovimab has not been demonstrated to be safe and effective for this use).
Benefit of treatment with sotrovimab has not been observed in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies may be associated with worse clinical outcomes when administered to hospitalized patients with COVID-19 requiring high flow oxygen or mechanical ventilation [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Sotrovimab is not FDA-approved for any use, including for the treatment of COVID-19.
Sotrovimab is authorized only for the duration of the declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of the emergency use of sotrovimab under section 564(b)(1) of the Act, 21 U.S.C. § 360bbb-3(b)(1), unless the authorization is terminated or revoked sooner.
There is currently an outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus. The Secretary of HHS has declared that:
An EUA is a Secretary of HHS authorization for the emergency use of an unapproved product or unapproved use of an approved product (i.e., drug, biological product, or device) in the United States under certain circumstances including, but not limited to, when the Secretary of HHS declares that
1 FDA will monitor conditions to determine whether the use of sotrovimab is consistent with this scope of authorization, referring to available information, including information on variant susceptibility [see Microbiology], and the CDC national and/or regional variant frequency data available at: https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions.
there is a public health emergency that affects the national security or the health and security of United States citizens living abroad, and that involves biological agent(s) or a disease or condition that may be attributable to such agent(s). Criteria for issuing an EUA include:
Veklury (remdesivir) is FDA-approved for the treatment of COVID-19 in adults and pediatric patients (28 days of age and older and weighing at least 3 kg) who are hospitalized, or who are not hospitalized, have mild-to-moderate COVID-19, and are at high risk for progression to severe COVID19, including hospitalization or death. Veklury is administered via intravenous infusion for a total treatment duration of 3 days in patients who are not hospitalized.
Although Veklury is an approved alternative treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in adults and pediatric patients (28 days of age and older and weighing at least 3 kg) who are not hospitalized and have mild-to-moderate COVID-19, FDA does not consider Veklury to be an adequate alternative to sotrovimab for this authorized use because it may not be feasible or clinically appropriate for certain patients.
Other therapeutics are currently authorized under Emergency Use Authorization for the same use as sotrovimab. For additional information on all products authorized for treatment or prevention of COVID-19, please see https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/mcm-legalregulatory-and-policy-framework/emergency-use-authorization.
For information on clinical studies of sotrovimab and other therapies for the treatment of COVID-19, see www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Sotrovimab is authorized for the use in adults and pediatric patients (12 years of age and older weighing at least 40 kg) who are at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death [see Clinical Studies].
Medical conditions or other factors that may place individual patients at higher risk for progression to severe COVID-19 are listed on the following CDC website: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html.
Sotrovimab should be administered intravenously within 7 days of symptom onset.
Sotrovimab should be administered by a qualified healthcare professional and administered only in settings which have immediate access to medications to treat a severe infusion reaction, such as anaphylaxis, and the ability to activate the emergency medical system (EMS), as necessary [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Sotrovimab is available as a concentrated solution and must be diluted prior to IV infusion.
Clinically monitor patients during infusion and observe patients for at least 1 hour after infusion is complete.
The recommended dosage for emergency use of sotrovimab authorized under this EUA is 500 mg administered as a single IV infusion over 15 minutes for 50-mL infusion bag or 30 minutes for 100-mL infusion bag.
No dosage adjustment is recommended in pregnant or lactating women, in elderly patients, or in patients with renal impairment [see Use In Specific Populations].
No dosage adjustment is recommended in pediatric patients who weigh at least 40 kg and are 12 years of age and older.
Sotrovimab is not authorized for patients under 12 years of age or in pediatric patients weighing less than 40 kg [see Use In Specific Populations].
Sotrovimab is supplied in a single-dose vial and must be diluted prior to IV infusion.
Sotrovimab concentrate for solution for infusion should be prepared by a qualified healthcare professional using aseptic technique.
Sotrovimab infusion solution should be administered by a qualified healthcare professional [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Sotrovimab may only be administered in settings in which healthcare providers have immediate access to medications to treat a severe infusion reaction, such as anaphylaxis, and the ability to activate the emergency medical system (EMS), as necessary [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Sotrovimab is a sterile, preservative-free, clear, colorless or yellow to brown solution for IV infusion only available as:
Sotrovimab injection 500 mg (62.5 mg/mL) is a sterile, preservative-free, clear, colorless or yellow to brown solution supplied in a carton containing one single-dose glass vial with a rubber vial stopper (not made with natural rubber latex) and a flip-off cap (NDC 0173-0901-86).
Sotrovimab is preservative-free. Discard unused portion.
Store unopened vials refrigerated at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) in original carton. Do not freeze or shake. Protect from light.
The concentrate for solution of sotrovimab in the vial is preservative-free and requires dilution prior to IV administration. The diluted infusion solution of sotrovimab should be administered immediately. If immediate administration is not possible, store the diluted infusion solution for up to 24 hours at refrigerated temperature (2°C to 8°C [36°F to 46°F]) or up to 6 hours at room temperature (up to 25°C [up to 77°F]) including transportation and infusion time. If refrigerated, allow the infusion solution to equilibrate to room temperature for approximately 15 minutes prior to administration.
Manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline LLC Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S. Revised: Mar 2023
The following serious adverse reaction is described in more detail in the Warnings and Precautions section of the labeling:
The following adverse reactions have been observed in the clinical studies of sotrovimab that supported EUA. The adverse reaction rates observed in these clinical studies cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. Additional adverse events associated with sotrovimab may become apparent with more widespread use.
The safety of sotrovimab in subjects with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 (subjects with COVID-19 symptoms who are not hospitalized) is based on analyses from COMET-ICE and COMET-TAIL [see Clinical Studies].
In COMET-ICE, subjects received a single 500-mg IV infusion of sotrovimab (n = 523) or placebo (n = 526). In COMET-TAIL, subjects received a single 500-mg IV infusion of sotrovimab (n = 393).
Infusion-related reactions, including immediate hypersensitivity reactions, were observed in 1% of subjects treated with sotrovimab and 1% of subjects treated with placebo in COMET-ICE and in <1% of subjects treated with IV sotrovimab in COMET-TAIL. Reported events that started within 24 hours of study treatment were pyrexia, chills, dizziness, dyspnea, pruritus, rash, and infusion-related reactions; all events were Grade 1 (mild) or Grade 2 (moderate).
One case of anaphylaxis was reported following sotrovimab infusion in a separate study evaluating sotrovimab in hospitalized subjects; the infusion was immediately discontinued, and the subject received epinephrine. The event resolved but recurred within 2 hours; the subject received another dose of epinephrine and improved with no additional symptoms. Other serious infusion-related reactions (including immediate hypersensitivity reactions) reported following sotrovimab infusion in the hospitalized study included Grade 3 (serious) or Grade 4 (life-threatening) bronchospasm and shortness of breath. These events were also reported following infusion of placebo. Sotrovimab is not authorized for use in subjects hospitalized due to COVID-19 [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Hypersensitivity adverse reactions (i.e., adverse events assessed as causally related) were observed in 2% of subjects treated with sotrovimab and 1% of subjects treated with placebo in COMET-ICE and in <1% of subjects treated with sotrovimab in COMET-TAIL. All were Grade 1 (mild) or Grade 2 (moderate), and none of the reactions in either trial led to permanent discontinuation of the infusions. One reaction led to pausing of the infusion [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
The most common treatment-emergent adverse events observed in the sotrovimab treatment group in COMET-ICE were rash (1%) and diarrhea (2%), all of which were Grade 1 (mild) or Grade 2 (moderate). No other treatment-emergent adverse events were reported at a higher rate with sotrovimab compared to placebo.
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-authorization use of sotrovimab. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Anaphylaxis [see CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
The prescribing healthcare provider and/or the provider’s designee is/are responsible for mandatory reporting of all serious adverse events* and medication errors potentially related to sotrovimab within 7 calendar days from the healthcare provider’s awareness of the event, using FDA Form 3500 (for information on how to access this form, see below). The FDA requires that such reports, using FDA Form 3500, include the following:
Submit adverse event and medication error reports, using Form 3500, to FDA MedWatch using one of the following methods:
The prescribing health care provider and/or the provider’s designee is/are responsible for mandatory responses to requests from FDA for information about adverse events and medication errors following receipt of sotrovimab.
*Serious adverse events are defined as:
Clinical drug-drug interaction studies have not been performed with sotrovimab. Sotrovimab is not renally excreted or metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes; therefore, interactions with concomitant medications that are renally excreted or that are substrates, inducers, or inhibitors of CYP enzymes are unlikely.
Included as part of the "PRECAUTIONS" Section
There are limited clinical data available for sotrovimab. Serious and unexpected adverse events may occur that have not been previously reported with sotrovimab use.
Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, have been observed with administration of sotrovimab [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. If signs and symptoms of a clinically significant hypersensitivity reaction or anaphylaxis occur, immediately discontinue administration and initiate appropriate medications and/or supportive care.
Infusion-related reactions, occurring during the infusion and up to 24 hours after the infusion, have been observed with administration of sotrovimab. These reactions may be severe or life threatening.
Signs and symptoms of infusion-related reactions may include [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]:
If an infusion-related reaction occurs, consider slowing or stopping the infusion and administer appropriate medications and/or supportive care. Clinically monitor patients for at least 1 hour after completion of the infusion for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity.
Hypersensitivity reactions occurring more than 24 hours after the infusion have also been reported with the use of SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies under Emergency Use Authorization.
Clinical worsening of COVID-19 after administration of SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody treatment has been reported and may include signs or symptoms of fever, hypoxia or increased respiratory difficulty, arrhythmia (e.g., atrial fibrillation, tachycardia, bradycardia), fatigue, and altered mental status. Some of these events required hospitalization. It is not known if these events were related to SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody use or were due to progression of COVID-19.
Benefit of treatment with sotrovimab has not been observed in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies may be associated with worse clinical outcomes when administered to hospitalized patients with COVID-19 requiring high flow oxygen or mechanical ventilation. Therefore, sotrovimab is not authorized for use in the following patient populations [see Limitations Of Authorized Use]:
Carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and reproductive toxicology studies with sotrovimab have not been conducted.
In a toxicology study in monkeys, sotrovimab had no adverse effects when administered intravenously.
In tissue cross reactivity studies using human and monkey adult tissues, no binding of clinical concern was detected for sotrovimab.
There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in individuals exposed to sotrovimab during pregnancy. Pregnant and recently pregnant individuals can go to https://covid-pr.pregistry.com to enroll or call 1-800-616-3791 to obtain information about the registry.
There are insufficient data to evaluate a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcome. Sotrovimab should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk for the mother and the fetus. There are maternal and fetal risks associated with untreated COVID-19 in pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations).
Nonclinical reproductive toxicity studies have not been conducted with sotrovimab. In a cross-reactive binding assay using a protein array enriched for human embryofetal proteins, no off-target binding was detected for sotrovimab. Since sotrovimab is a recombinant human immunoglobulin G (IgG) containing the LS modification in the Fc domain, it has the potential for placental transfer from the mother to the developing fetus. The potential treatment benefit or risk of placental transfer of sotrovimab to the developing fetus is not known.
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.
Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo-Fetal Risk
COVID-19 in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, including preeclampsia, eclampsia, preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes, venous thromboembolic disease, and fetal death.
There are no available data on the presence of sotrovimab in human or animal milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for sotrovimab and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from sotrovimab or from the underlying maternal condition. Individuals with COVID-19 who are breastfeeding should follow practices according to clinical guidelines to avoid exposing the infant to COVID-19.
Sotrovimab is not authorized for use in pediatric patients under 12 years of age or weighing less than 40 kg. The safety and effectiveness of sotrovimab have not been assessed in pediatric patients. The recommended dosing regimen in patients 12 years to less than 18 years of age, weighing at least 40 kg, is expected to result in comparable serum exposures of sotrovimab as those observed in adults.
Of the 528 subjects randomized to receive sotrovimab 500 mg in COMET-ICE, 20% were 65 years of age and older and 11% were over 70 years of age. Of the 378 subjects in the primary analysis population receiving sotrovimab 500 mg in COMET-TAIL, 25% were 65 years of age or older and 8% were over 75 years of age. In these trials, no notable differences in PK or safety were observed in geriatric subjects as compared to subjects less than 65 years of age.
No clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the effects of renal impairment on the PK of sotrovimab. Sotrovimab is not eliminated intact in the urine, thus renal impairment is not expected to affect the exposure of sotrovimab.
No clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the effects of hepatic impairment on the PK of sotrovimab. The impact of hepatic impairment on the PK of sotrovimab is unknown.
Sotrovimab is a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antiviral drug [see Microbiology].
A summary of pharmacokinetic parameters following a single 500-mg IV infusion is presented in Table 1 based on population pharmacokinetic analyses:
Table 1. Summary of IV Sotrovimab Serum Pharmacokinetic Exposure Parameters
| Parametera | Sotrovimab (500 mg IV) |
| Cmax, mcg/mL | 170.1 (53.4) |
| CD28, mcg/mL | 39.7 (37.6) |
| AUCD0-28b, day*mcg/mL | 1564 (34.4) |
| a Parameters are reported as geometric mean (Geometric %CV). b Based on a population pharmacokinetic analysis using data from a total of 1984 subjects across 5 clinical trials. |
|
The primary analysis in the clinical efficacy study COMET-ICE was conducted when the ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 virus was predominant, with the most common SARS-CoV-2 variants being Alpha and Epsilon among participants in the study population, which was enrolled prior to the emergence of the Delta and Omicron variants (Table 3).
Based on available population pharmacokinetic analyses of sotrovimab dosages of 500 mg or less, the pharmacokinetics of sotrovimab administered intravenously were not affected by age or sex; body weight was identified as a significant covariate on the pharmacokinetics of sotrovimab, but the impact is not anticipated to be clinically relevant.
Renal impairment is not expected to impact the pharmacokinetics of sotrovimab since mAbs with molecular weight >69 kDa do not undergo renal elimination. Similarly, dialysis is not expected to impact the pharmacokinetics of sotrovimab.
Sotrovimab is a recombinant human IgG1-kappa mAb that binds to a conserved epitope on the spike protein receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 with a dissociation constant of KD = 0.21 nM but does not compete with human ACE2 receptor binding (IC50 value >33.6 nM [5 μg/mL]). Sotrovimab inhibits an undefined step that occurs after virus attachment and prior to fusion of the viral and cell membranes. The Fc domain of sotrovimab includes M428L and N434S amino acid substitutions (LS modification) that extend antibody half-life, but do not impact wild-type Fc-mediated effector functions in cell culture.
The neutralization activity of sotrovimab against SARS-CoV-2 (isolate WA1/2020) was measured in a concentration response model using cultured Vero E6 cells. Sotrovimab neutralized SARS-CoV-2 with an average EC50 value of 0.67 nM (100.1 ng/mL).
Sotrovimab demonstrated cell culture FcγR activation using Jurkat reporter cells expressing FcγRIIa (low-affinity R131 and high affinity H131 alleles), FcγRIIIa (low-affinity F158 and high-affinity V158 alleles), and FcγRIIb. Sotrovimab exhibited antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in cell culture using isolated human natural killer (NK) cells following engagement with target cells expressing spike protein. Sotrovimab also elicited antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) in cell-based assays using CD14+ monocytes targeting cells expressing spike protein.
The risk that sotrovimab could mediate viral uptake and replication by immune cells was studied in U937 cells, primary human monocytic dendritic cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This experiment did not demonstrate productive viral infection in immune cells exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of concentrations of sotrovimab from 1-fold down to 1000-fold below the EC50 value.
The potential for ADE was also evaluated in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 using sotrovimab. Intraperitoneal administration prior to inoculation resulted in a dose-dependent improvement in all measured outcomes (body weight, total viral RNA in the lungs, or infectious virus levels based on TCID50 measurements). No evidence of enhancement of disease was observed at any dose evaluated, including sub-neutralizing doses down to 0.05 mg/kg.
There is a potential risk of treatment failure due to the development of viral variants that are resistant to sotrovimab.
Cell Culture Studies
Spike protein amino acid substitution E340A emerged in cell culture selection of resistant virus and had a >100-fold reduction in activity in a pseudotyped virus-like particle (VLP) assay. This substitution is in the conserved epitope of sotrovimab, which is comprised of 23 amino acids. Pseudotyped VLP assessments in cell culture were performed using Wuhan-Hu-1, Omicron BA.1, and Omicron BA.2 spike proteins. The epitope amino acid substitutions P337H/K/L/N/R/T, E340A/I/K/G/Q/S/V, T345P, K356T, and L441N in the Wuhan-Hu-1 spike, conferred reduced susceptibility to sotrovimab based on observed fold-increase in EC50 value shown in parentheses: P337H (5.1), P337K (>304), P337L (>192), P337N (5.6), P337R (>192), P337T (10.6), E340A (>100), E340G (18.2), E340I (>190), E340K (>297), E340Q (>50), E340S (68), E340V (>200), T345P (225), K356T (5.9), and L441N (72). Epitope substitutions P337H (>631), K356T (>631), P337S (>609), E340D (>609), and V341F (5.9) in the Omicron BA.1 spike variant, and P337H (>117), P337S (>117), P337T (>117), E340D (>117), E340G (>117), K356T (>117), and K440D (5.1) in the Omicron BA.2 spike variant conferred reduced susceptibility to sotrovimab based on the observed fold-increase in EC50 value shown in parenthesis relative to each spike viral variant.
Table 2 provides cell culture neutralization data for SARS-CoV-2 variants. The clinical relevance of the fold reductions in susceptibility >5 is unknown. There are no data evaluating variants with fold reductions >5 in randomized controlled clinical studies.
Table 2. Sotrovimab Neutralization Data for SARS-CoV-2
| SARS-CoV-2 Variant | Key Substitutions Testeda | Fold Reduction in Susceptibilityb | ||
| Lineage | WHO Nomenclature | Pseudotyped VLP | Authentic Virus | |
| B.1.1.7 | Alpha | N501Y | No change | No change |
| B.1.351 | Beta | K417N+E484K+N501Y | No change | No change |
| P.1 | Gamma | K417T+E484K+N501Y | No change | No change |
| B.1.617.2 | Delta | L452R+T478K | No change | No change |
| AY.1 and AY.2 | Delta [+K417N] | K417N+L452R+T478K | No change | Not tested |
| AY.4.2 | Delta [+] | L452R+T478K | No change | Not tested |
| B.1.427/B.1.429 | Epsilon | L452R | No change | Not tested |
| B.1.526 | Iota | E484K | No change | Not tested |
| B.1.617.1 | Kappa | L452R+E484Q | No change | No change |
| C.37 | Lambda | L452Q+F490S | No change | Not tested |
| B.1.621 | Mu | R346K+E484K+N501Y | No change | Not tested |
| B.1.1.529/BA.1 | Omicron | G339D+S371L+S373P+ S375F+K417N+N440K+ G446S+S477N+T478K+ E484A+Q493R+G496S+ Q498R+N501Y+Y505H | No change | No change |
| BA.1.1 | Omicron | G339D+R346K+S371L+ S373P+S375F+K417N+ N440K+G446S+S477N+ T478K+E484A+Q493R+ G496S+Q498R+N501Y+ Y505H | No change | No change |
| BA.2 | Omicron | G339D+S371F+S373P+ S375F+T376A+D405N+ R408S+K417N+N440K+ S477N+T478K+E484A+ Q493R+Q498R+N501Y+ Y505H | 16 | 15.7c |
| BA.2.12.1 | Omicron | G339D+S371F+S373P+ S375F+T376A+D405N+ R408S+K417N+N440K+ L452Q+S477N+T478K+ E484A+Q493R+Q498R+ N501Y+Y505H | 16.6 | 25.1c |
| BA.2.75 | Omicron | G339H+S371F+S373P+ S375F+T376A+D405N+ R408S+K417N+N440K+ G446S+N460K+S477N+ T478K+E484A+Q498R+ N501Y+Y505H | 8.3 | Not tested |
| BA.2.75.2 | Omicron | G339H+R346T+S371F+ S373P+S375F+T376A+ D405N+R408S+K417N+ N440K+G446S+N460K+ S477N+T478K+E484A+ F486S+Q498R+N501Y+ Y505H | 10 | Not tested |
| BA.3 | Omicron | G339D+S371F+S373P+ S375F+D405N+K417N+ N440K+G446S+S477N+ T478K+E484A+Q493R+ Q498R+N501Y+Y505H | 7.3 | Not tested |
| BA.4 | Omicron | G339D+S371F+S373P+ S375F+T376A+D405N+ R408S+K417N+N440K+ L452R+S477N+T478K+ E484A+F486V+Q498R+ N501Y+Y505H | 21.3 | 48.4c |
| BA.4.6 | Omicron | G339D+R346T+S371F+ S373P+S375F+T376A+ D405N+R408S+K417N+ N440K+L452R+S477N+ T478K+E484A+F486V+ Q498R+N501Y+Y505H | 57.9 | Not tested |
| BA.5 | Omicron | G339D+S371F+S373P+ S375F+T376A+D405N+ R408S+K417N+N440K+ L452R+S477N+T478K+ E484A+F486V+Q498R+ N501Y+Y505H | 22.6 | 21.6c |
| BF.7/BA.5.2.6 | Omicron | G339D+R346T+S371F+ S373P+S375F+T376A+ D405N+R408S+K417N+ N440K+L452R+S477N+ T478K+E484A+F486V+ Q498R+N501Y+Y505H | 74.2 | Not tested |
| BN.1 | Omicron | G339H+R346T+K356T+ S371F+S373P+S375F+ T376A+D405N+R408S+ K417N+N440K+G446S+ N460K+S477N+T478K+ E484A+F490S+Q498R+ N501Y+Y505H | 778 | Not tested |
| BQ.1 | Omicron | G339D+S371F+S373P+ S375F+T376A+D405N+ R408S+K417N+N440K+ K444T+L452R+N460K+ S477N+T478K+E484A+ F486V+Q498R+N501Y+ Y505H | 28.5 | Not tested |
| BQ.1.1 | Omicron | G339D+R346T+S371F+ S373P+S375F+T376A+ D405N+R408S+K417N+ N440K+K444T+L452R+ N460K+S477N+T478K+ E484A+F486V+Q498R+ N501Y+Y505H | 94 | Not tested |
| XBB/XBB.1 | Omicron | G339H+R346T+L368I+ S371F+S373P+S375F+ T376A+D405N+R408S+ K417N+N440K+V445P+ G446S+N460K+S477N+ T478K+E484A+F486S+ F490S+Q498R+N501Y+ Y505H | 6.5 | Not tested |
| XBB.1.5 | Omicron | G339H+R346T+L368I+ S371F+S373P+S375F+ T376A+D405N+R408S+ K417N+N440K+V445P+ G446S+N460K+S477N+ T478K+E484A+F486P+ F490S+Q498R+N501Y+ Y505H | 11.3 | 33.3c |
| XD | Noned | G339D+S371L+S373P+ S375F+K417N+N440K+ G446S+S477N+T478K+ E484A+Q493R+G496S+ Q498R+N501Y+Y505H | Not tested | No change |
| a Substitutions in the spike receptor binding domain relative to wild-type are listed. b Based on EC50 fold change compared to wild-type. No change: ≤5-fold change in EC50 value compared to wild-type. c Sotrovimab inhibited authentic virus isolates of Omicron BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, BA.5, and XBB.1.5 lineages with maximum percentage inhibition in the range of 80% to 100%. d Variant has not been named by the WHO. |
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Clinical Studies
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern or variants of interest (VOC/VOI) were detected in participants enrolled in COMET-ICE (Table 3).
Table 3. SARS-CoV-2 VOC/VOI Detected at ≥2% Prevalence in Sotrovimab-Treated Participants
| Clinical Study | VOC/VOI | Prevalence, % (n/N)a | Participants Meeting Primary Clinical Endpointb |
| COMET-ICE | Alpha (B.1.1.7) | 10% (35/338) | 1 |
| Epsilon (B.1.427/B.1.429) | 5% (16/338) | 1 | |
| Gamma (P.1) | 3% (9/338) | 0 | |
| a n = number of sotrovimab-treated participants with the designated VOC/VOI; N = total number of sotrovimab-treated participants with SARS-CoV-2 spike sequence results. b The primary clinical endpoint for progression was defined as hospitalization for >24 hours for acute management of any illness or death from any cause through Day 29. |
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SARS-CoV-2 viruses with baseline and treatment-emergent substitutions at amino acid positions associated with reduced susceptibility to sotrovimab in cell culture were observed in COMET-ICE (Table 4). Of the 32 sotrovimab-treated participants with a substitution detected at amino acid positions 337 and/or 340 at any visit baseline or post-baseline, only 1 met the primary endpoint for progression of hospitalization for >24 hours for acute management of any illness or death from any cause through Day 29. This participant had E340K detected post-baseline and was infected with the Epsilon variant of SARS-CoV-2.
Table 4. Baseline and Treatment-Emergent Substitutions Detected in Sotrovimab-Treated Participants at Amino Acid Positions Associated with Reduced Susceptibility to Sotrovimab
| Clinical Study | Baselinea | Treatment-Emergentb | ||
| Substitutions | Frequency, % (n/N) | Substitutions | Frequency, % (n/N) | |
| COMET-ICE | P337H, E340A | 1% (4/307) | P337L/R, E340A/K/V | 14% (24/170)c |
| a n = number of sotrovimab-treated participants with a baseline substitution detected at spike amino acid positions 337 or 340; N = total number of sotrovimab-treated participants with baseline sequence results. b n = number of sotrovimab-treated participants with treatment-emergent substitutions detected at spike amino acid positions 337 or 340; N = total number of sotrovimab-treated participants with paired baseline and post-baseline sequence results. c Four participants with a post-baseline substitution at P337 or E340 and lacking a baseline sequence are not included. |
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There is a theoretical risk that antibody administration may attenuate the endogenous immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and make patients more susceptible to re-infection.
As with all therapeutic proteins, there is potential for immunogenicity. The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of antibody (including neutralizing antibody) positivity in an assay may be influenced by several factors including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies in the studies described below with the incidence of antibodies in other studies may be misleading.
Treatment-emergent anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) to sotrovimab were detected in 13% (65/513) of participants, through week 24, in the COMET-ICE study. None of the participants with confirmed treatment-emergent ADAs had neutralizing antibodies against sotrovimab.
In a Syrian Golden hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, antiviral activity was demonstrated using a single dose of sotrovimab which was administered intraperitoneally at 24- or 48-hours prior to infection. Animals receiving 5 mg/kg or more of the antibody showed a significant improvement in body weight loss and significantly decreased total lung SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA compared to vehicle only and control antibody-treated animals. Levels of virus in the lung (as measured by TCID50) were significantly decreased versus controls in hamsters receiving 0.5 mg/kg or more of the antibody.
Protection was also observed in the Syrian Golden hamster model using the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 (Beta, South Africa origin) variant. Significant reductions in total and replication competent virus were observed on Day 4 post-infection in animals receiving a single intraperitoneal dose of 0.5, 2, 5, or 15 mg/kg sotrovimab compared to isotype control antibody-treated animals.
The clinical data supporting this EUA are based on the analysis of the Phase 1/2/3 COMET-ICE trial (NCT04545060) with supporting data from the Phase 3 COMET-TAIL trial (NCT04913675).
COMET-ICE was a randomized, multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial studying sotrovimab for the treatment of subjects with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 (subjects with COVID-19 symptoms who were not hospitalized). Eligible subjects were 18 years of age and older with at least one of the following comorbidities: diabetes, obesity (BMI >30), chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or moderate to severe asthma; or were 55 years of age and older regardless of comorbidities. The trial included symptomatic subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection as confirmed by local laboratory tests and/or point of care tests and symptom onset within 5 days of enrollment. The study was conducted when the wild-type Wuhan-Hu-1 virus was predominant, with the highest frequency of variants being Alpha and Epsilon [see Microbiology]. Subjects with severe COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen or hospitalization and severely immunocompromised subjects were excluded from the trial.
A total of 1,057 eligible subjects were randomized to receive a single 500-mg infusion of sotrovimab (n = 528) or placebo (n = 529) over 1 hour (Intent to Treat [ITT] population at Day 29). At baseline, the median age was 53 years (range:17 to 96); 20% of subjects were 65 years of age or older and 11% were over 70 years of age; 46% of subjects were male; 87% were White, 8% Black or African American, 4% Asian, 65% Hispanic or Latino. Fifty-nine percent of subjects received sotrovimab or placebo within 3 days of COVID-19 symptom onset and 41% within 4 to 5 days. The four most common pre-defined risk factors or comorbidities were obesity (63%), 55 years of age or older (47%), diabetes requiring medication (22%), and moderate-to-severe asthma (17%). Overall, baseline demographic and disease characteristics were well balanced between the treatment arms.
The primary endpoint, progression of COVID-19 at Day 29, was reduced by 79% (adjusted relative risk reduction) in recipients of sotrovimab versus placebo. Table 5 provides the results for the primary and key secondary endpoint of COMET-ICE.
Table 5. Efficacy Results in Adults with Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 in COMET-ICE at Day 29
| Sotrovimab 500 mg n = 528 |
Placebo n = 529 |
|
| Progression of COVID-19 (defined as hospitalization for >24 hours for acute management of any illness or death from any cause) (Day 29)a | ||
| Proportion (n, %) | 6 (1.1%) | 30 (5.7%) |
| Adjusted Relative Risk Reduction (95% CI) |
79% (50%, 91%) |
|
| All-cause mortality (up to Day 29) | ||
| Proportion (n, %) | 0 | 2 (<1%) |
| a The determination of primary efficacy was based on a planned interim analysis of 583 subjects, which had similar findings to those seen in the full population above. The adjusted relative risk reduction was 85% with a 97.24% CI of (44%, 96%) and p-value = 0.002. | ||
Within the subset of the ITT population who had a central laboratory confirmed, virologically quantifiable nasopharyngeal swab at Day 1 and Day 8 (n = 639), the mean decline in viral RNA levels from baseline to Day 8 was greater in subjects treated with sotrovimab (-2.610 log10 copies/mL) compared to that in subjects treated with placebo (-2.358); mean difference = -0.251, 95% CI: (-0.415, -0.087).
COMET-TAIL was a randomized, multi-center, open label trial which evaluated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of sotrovimab for the treatment of subjects with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 (subjects with COVID-19 symptoms who were not hospitalized). Eligible subjects were 12 years of age or older with at least one of the following comorbidities: diabetes, obesity (BMI ≥85th percentile for age/gender based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] growth charts for adolescents or BMI ≥30 for subjects ≥18 years old), chronic kidney disease, congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure (for subjects ≥18 years old), chronic lung diseases, sickle cell disease, neurodevelopmental disorders, immunosuppressive disease or receiving immunosuppressive medications, or chronic liver disease; or were 55 years of age or older regardless of comorbidities. The trial included symptomatic subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection as confirmed by local laboratory tests and/or point of care tests and symptom onset within 7 days of enrollment. Subjects with severe COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen or hospitalization were excluded from the trial.
The ITT population consisted of 385 subjects randomized to receive a single 500-mg IV infusion of sotrovimab over 15 minutes. The primary analysis population, which excluded 7 subjects because they were fully vaccinated and immunocompetent (key inclusion/exclusion violation), consisted of 378 subjects.
In the primary analysis population at baseline, the median age was 51 years (range:15 to 90, including 2 subjects under 18 years); 25% of subjects were 65 years of age or older and 8% were over 75 years of age; 42% of subjects were male; 96% were White and 4% were Black or African American; 83% were Hispanic or Latino. Forty-eight percent (48%) of subjects received sotrovimab within 3 days of COVID-19 symptom onset, 37% within 4 to 5 days, and 14% within 6 to 7 days. The four most common pre-defined risk factors or comorbidities were obesity (63%), 55 years of age or older (42%), chronic lung disease (16%), and diabetes requiring medication (13%).
In the primary analysis population, 5 (1.3%) of 378 subjects had progression to COVID-19 defined as hospitalization for >24 hours for acute management of any illness or death due to any cause through Day 29. No deaths were reported through Day 29.
As a healthcare practitioner, you must communicate to the patient and/or caregiver information consistent with the “FACT SHEET FOR PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS” and provide them with a copy of this Fact Sheet prior to administration of sotrovimab. However, if providing this information will delay the administration of sotrovimab to a degree that would endanger the life of a patient, the information must be provided to the parent and/or caregiver as soon as feasible after sotrovimab administration.
Inform patients that serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, have been observed with administration of sotrovimab. If signs and symptoms of a clinically significant hypersensitivity reaction or anaphylaxis occur, advise patients to alert healthcare provider immediately. Inform patients that hypersensitivity reactions occurring more than 24 hours after the infusion have also been reported with the use of SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and to alert their healthcare provider immediately if signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity occur [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients that there is a pregnancy registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in individuals exposed to sotrovimab during pregnancy [see Use In Specific Populations].
