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WARNING
SERIOUS MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTIONS
ULTOMIRIS is available only through a restricted program under a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS). Under the ULTOMIRIS REMS, prescribers must enroll in the program [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. Enrollment in the ULTOMIRIS REMS program and additional information are available by telephone: 1-844-259-6783 or at www.ultomirisrems.com.
Ravulizumab-cwvz, a complement inhibitor, is a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Ravulizumab-cwvz consists of 2 identical 448 amino acid heavy chains and 2 identical 214 amino acid light chains and has a molecular weight of approximately 148 kDa. The constant regions of ravulizumabcwvz include the human kappa light chain constant region, and the protein engineered “IgG2/4” heavy chain constant region.
The heavy chain CH1 domain, hinge region, and the first 5 amino acids of the CH2 domain match the human IgG2 amino acid sequence, residues 6 to 36 in the CH2 region (common to both human IgG2 and IgG4 amino acid sequences), while the remainder of the CH2 domain and the CH3 domain match the human IgG4 amino acid sequence. The heavy and light chain variable regions that form the human C5 binding site consist of human framework regions grafted to murine complementarity-determining regions.
ULTOMIRIS (ravulizumab-cwvz) injection is a sterile, clear to translucent, slight whitish color, preservative-free solution for intravenous use. Each single-dose vial contains 300 mg ravulizumab-cwvz at a concentration of 10 mg/mL with a pH of 7.0. Each mL also contains polysorbate 80 (0.2 mg) (vegetable origin), sodium chloride (8.77 mg), sodium phosphate dibasic (1.78 mg), sodium phosphate monobasic (0.46 mg), and Water for Injection, USP.
ULTOMIRIS is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients one month of age and older with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).
ULTOMIRIS is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients one month of age and older with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) to inhibit complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA).
ULTOMIRIS is not indicated for the treatment of patients with Shiga toxin E. coli related hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS).
ULTOMIRIS is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) who are anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody-positive.
ULTOMIRIS is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) who are anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody positive.
ULTOMIRIS is intended to be administered only as an intravenous infusion in adult or pediatric patients one month of age and older.
Vaccinate patients against meningococcal infection (serogroups A, C, W, Y and B) according to current ACIP recommendations at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of ULTOMIRIS [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
If urgent ULTOMIRIS therapy is indicated in a patient who is not up to date with meningococcal vaccines according to ACIP recommendations, provide the patient with antibacterial drug prophylaxis and administer these vaccines as soon as possible.
Healthcare providers who prescribe ULTOMIRIS must enroll in the ULTOMIRIS and SOLIRIS REMS [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
The recommended intravenous (IV) ULTOMIRIS loading and maintenance dosing in adult and pediatric patients, one month of age or older weighing 5 kg or greater, with PNH or aHUS, or in adult patients with gMG or NMOSD weighing 40 kg or greater, is based on the patient's body weight, as shown in Table 1, with maintenance doses administered every 4 or 8 weeks, starting 2 weeks after loading dose.
The IV dosing schedule is allowed to occasionally vary within 7 days of the scheduled infusion day (except for the first maintenance dose of ULTOMIRIS); but subsequent doses should be administered according to the original schedule.
Following a missed IV ULTOMIRIS dose, the patient should contact their health care provider immediately.
Table 1: IV Administration of ULTOMIRIS Weight-Based Dosing Regimen – PNH, aHUS, gMG, or NMOSD*
| Indications | Body Weight Range (kg) | Loading Dose (mg)** | Maintenance Dose (mg) and Dosing Interval | |
| PNH or aHUS | 5 to less than 10 | 600 | 300 | Every 4 weeks |
| 10 to less than 20 | 600 | 600 | ||
| 20 to less than 30 | 900 | 2,100 | Every 8 weeks | |
| 30 to less than 40 | 1,200 | 2,700 | ||
| PNH, aHUS, gMG, or NMOSD | 40 to less than 60 | 2,400 | 3,000 | Every 8 weeks |
| 60 to less than 100 | 2,700 | 3,300 | ||
| 100 or greater | 3,000 | 3,600 | ||
| *See Table 4, Table 5, Table 7, and Table 8 for selection of the proper total volume and maximum infusion rate [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION] **See Table 2 for ULTOMIRIS treatment initiation instruction and timing of loading dose and maintenance dose |
||||
Refer to Table 2 for treatment initiation instructions in patients who are complement inhibitor treatment-naive or switching treatment from eculizumab.
Table 2: IV Administration of ULTOMIRIS Treatment Initiation Instructions — PNH, aHUS, gMG, or NMOSD
| Population | Weight-based ULTOMIRIS Loading Dose | Time of First ULTOMIRIS Weight-based Maintenance Dose |
| Not currently on ULTOMIRIS or eculizumab treatment | At treatment start | 2 weeks after ULTOMIRIS loading dose |
| Currently treated with eculizumab | At time of next scheduled eculizumab dose | 2 weeks after ULTOMIRIS loading dose |
Plasma exchange (PE), plasmapheresis (PP), and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) have been shown to reduce ULTOMIRIS serum levels. A supplemental dose of ULTOMIRIS is required in the setting of PE, PP, or IVIg (Table 3).
Table 3: Supplemental Dose of ULTOMIRIS after PE, PP, or IVIg*
| Body Weight Range (kg) | Most Recent ULTOMIRIS Dose (mg) | Supplemental Dose (mg) following each PE or PP Intervention | Supplemental Dose (mg) following Completion of an IVIg Cycle |
| 40 to less than 60 | 2,400 | 1,200 | 600 |
| 3,000 | 1,500 | ||
| 60 to less than 100 | 2,700 | 1,500 | 600 |
| 3,300 | 1,800 | ||
| 100 or greater | 3,000 | 1,500 | 600 |
| 3,600 | 1,800 | ||
| Timing of ULTOMIRIS Supplemental Dose | Within 4 hours following each PE or PP intervention | Within 4 hours following completion of an IVIg cycle | |
| Abbreviations: IVIg = intravenous immunoglobulin; PE = plasma exchange; PP = plasmapheresis *See Table 6 and Table 9 for selection of the proper total volume and maximum infusion rate [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION] |
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Each vial of ULTOMIRIS is intended for single-dose only. ULTOMIRIS vials are for intravenous administration by a healthcare provider and are intended for intravenous administration only. Dilute before use.
Do not mix ULTOMIRIS 100 mg/mL (3 mL and 11 mL vials) and 10 mg/mL (30 mL vial) concentrations together.
Use aseptic technique to prepare ULTOMIRIS as follows:
The product should be mixed gently. Do not shake. Protect from light. Do not freeze.
Refer to the following reference tables for IV preparation and minimum infusion duration:
Only administer as an intravenous infusion through a 0.2 or 0.22 micron filter.
Dilute ULTOMIRIS to a final concentration of:
Prior to administration, allow the admixture to adjust to room temperature (18°C - 25°C, 64°F - 77°F). Do not heat the admixture in a microwave or with any heat source other than ambient air temperature.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
After administration of ULTOMIRIS, flush the entire line with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP.
Table 4: Loading Dose Reference Table for ULTOMIRIS 100 mg/mL (3 mL and 11 mL Vials)
| Body Weight Range (kg)a | Loading Dose (mg) | ULTOMIRIS Volume (mL) | Volume of NaCl Diluentb (mL) | Total Volume (mL) | Minimum Infusion Time (hr) | Maximum Infusion Rate (mL/hr) |
| 5 to less than 10c | 600 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 1.4 | 9 |
| 10 to less than 20c | 600 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 0.8 | 15 |
| 20 to less than 30c | 900 | 9 | 9 | 18 | 0.6 | 30 |
| 30 to less than 40c | 1,200 | 12 | 12 | 24 | 0.5 | 48 |
| 40 to less than 60 | 2,400 | 24 | 24 | 48 | 0.8 | 60 |
| 60 to less than 100 | 2,700 | 27 | 27 | 54 | 0.6 | 90 |
| 100 or greater | 3,000 | 30 | 30 | 60 | 0.4 | 150 |
| a Body weight at time of treatment. b Dilute ULTOMIRIS only using 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP. c For PNH and aHUS indications only. |
||||||
Table 5: Maintenance Dose Reference Table for ULTOMIRIS 100 mg/mL (3 mL and 11 mL Vials)
| Body Weight Range (kg)a | Maintenance Dose (mg) | ULTOMIRIS Volume (mL) | Volume of NaCl Diluentb (mL) | Total Volume (mL) | Minimum Infusion Time (hr) | Maximum Infusion Rate (mL/hr) |
| 5 to less than 10c | 300 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 0.8 | 8 |
| 10 to less than 20c | 600 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 0.8 | 15 |
| 20 to less than 30c | 2,100 | 21 | 21 | 42 | 1.3 | 33 |
| 30 to less than 40c | 2,700 | 27 | 27 | 54 | 1.1 | 50 |
| 40 to less than 60 | 3,000 | 30 | 30 | 60 | 0.9 | 67 |
| 60 to less than 100 | 3,300 | 33 | 33 | 66 | 0.7 | 95 |
| 100 or greater | 3,600 | 36 | 36 | 72 | 0.5 | 144 |
| a Body weight at time of treatment. b Dilute ULTOMIRIS only using 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP. c For PNH and aHUS indications only. |
||||||
Table 6: Supplemental Dose Reference Table for ULTOMIRIS 100 mg/mL (3 mL and 11 mL vials)
| Body Weight Range (kg)a | Supplemental Dose (mg) | ULTOMIRIS Volume (mL) | Volume of NaCl Diluentb (mL) | Total Volume (mL) | Minimum Infusion Time (hr) | Maximum Infusion Rate (mL/hr) |
| 40 to less than 60 | 600 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 0.25 | 48 |
| 1,200 | 12 | 12 | 24 | 0.42 | 57 | |
| 1,500 | 15 | 15 | 30 | 0.5 | 60 | |
| 60 to less than 100 | 600 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 0.20 | 60 |
| 1,500 | 15 | 15 | 30 | 0.36 | 83 | |
| 1,800 | 18 | 18 | 36 | 0.42 | 86 | |
| 100 or greater | 600 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 0.17 | 71 |
| 1,500 | 15 | 15 | 30 | 0.25 | 120 | |
| 1,800 | 18 | 18 | 36 | 0.28 | 129 | |
| Note: Refer to Table 3 for selection of ravulizumab supplemental dose a Body weight at time of treatment. b Dilute ULTOMIRIS only using 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP. |
||||||
Table 7: Loading Dose Reference Table for ULTOMIRIS 10 mg/mL (30 mL Vial)
| Body Weight Range (kg)a | Loading Dose (mg) | ULTOMIRIS Volume (mL) | Volume of NaCl Diluentb (mL) | Total Volume (mL) | Minimum Infusion Time (hr) | Maximum Infusion Rate (mL/hr) |
| 5 to less than 10c | 600 | 60 | 60 | 120 | 3.8 | 32 |
| 10 to less than 20c | 600 | 60 | 60 | 120 | 1.9 | 64 |
| 20 to less than 30c | 900 | 90 | 90 | 180 | 1.5 | 120 |
| 30 to less than 40c | 1,200 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 1.3 | 185 |
| 40 to less than 60 | 2,400 | 240 | 240 | 480 | 1.9 | 253 |
| 60 to less than 100 | 2,700 | 270 | 270 | 540 | 1.7 | 318 |
| 100 or greater | 3,000 | 300 | 300 | 600 | 1.8 | 334 |
| a Body weight at time of treatment. b Dilute ULTOMIRIS only using 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP. c For PNH and aHUS indications only. |
||||||
Table 8: Maintenance Dose Reference Table for ULTOMIRIS 10 mg/mL (30 mL Vial)
| Body Weight Range (kg)a | Maintenance Dose (mg) | ULTOMIRIS Volume (mL) | Volume of NaCl Diluentb (mL) | Total Volume (mL) | Minimum Infusion Time (hr) | Maximum Infusion Rate (mL/hr) |
| 5 to less than 10c | 300 | 30 | 30 | 60 | 1.9 | 32 |
| 10 to less than 20c | 600 | 60 | 60 | 120 | 1.9 | 64 |
| 20 to less than 30c | 2,100 | 210 | 210 | 420 | 3.3 | 128 |
| 30 to less than 40c | 2,700 | 270 | 270 | 540 | 2.8 | 193 |
| 40 to less than 60 | 3,000 | 300 | 300 | 600 | 2.3 | 261 |
| 60 to less than 100 | 3,300 | 330 | 330 | 660 | 2 | 330 |
| 100 or greater | 3,600 | 360 | 360 | 720 | 2.2 | 328 |
| a Body weight at time of treatment. b Dilute ULTOMIRIS only using 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP. c For PNH and aHUS indications only. |
||||||
Table 9: Supplemental Dose Reference Table for ULTOMIRIS 10 mg/mL (30 mL vial)
| Body Weight Range (kg)a | Supplemental Dose (mg) | ULTOMIRIS Volume (mL) | Volume of NaCl Diluentb (mL) | Total Volume (mL) | Minimum Infusion Time (hr) | Maximum Infusion Rate (mL/hr) |
| 40 to less than 60 | 600 | 60 | 60 | 120 | 0.5 | 240 |
| 1,200 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 1 | 240 | |
| 1,500 | 150 | 150 | 300 | 1.2 | 250 | |
| 60 to less than 100 | 600 | 60 | 60 | 120 | 0.4 | 300 |
| 1,500 | 150 | 150 | 300 | 1 | 300 | |
| 1,800 | 180 | 180 | 360 | 1.1 | 327 | |
| 100 or greater | 600 | 60 | 60 | 120 | 0.4 | 300 |
| 1,500 | 150 | 150 | 300 | 1 | 300 | |
| 1,800 | 180 | 180 | 360 | 1.1 | 327 | |
| Note: Refer to Table 3 for selection of ravulizumab supplemental dose a Body weight at time of treatment. b Dilute ULTOMIRIS only using 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP. |
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If an adverse reaction occurs during the administration of ULTOMIRIS, the infusion may be slowed or stopped at the discretion of the physician. Monitor the patient for at least 1 hour following completion of the infusion for signs or symptoms of an infusion-related reaction.
Injection: 300 mg/3 mL (100 mg/mL) as a translucent, clear to yellowish color solution in a single-dose vial
Injection: 1,100 mg/11 mL (100 mg/mL) as a translucent, clear to yellowish color solution in a single-dose vial
Injection: 300 mg/30 mL (10 mg/mL) as a clear to translucent, slight whitish color solution in a single-dose vial
ULTOMIRIS (ravulizumab-cwvz) injection 100 mg/mL is translucent, clear to yellowish color solution supplied in one single-dose vial per carton as:
300 mg/3 mL (100 mg/mL) (NDC 25682-025-01)
1,100 mg/11 mL (100 mg/mL) (NDC 25682-028-01)
ULTOMIRIS (ravulizumab-cwvz) injection 10 mg/mL is clear to translucent, slight whitish color solution supplied in one single-dose vial per carton as:
300 mg/30 mL (10 mg/mL) (NDC 25682-022-01)
Store ULTOMIRIS vials refrigerated at 2°C - 8°C (36°F - 46°F) in the original carton to protect from light. Do not freeze. Do not shake.
Refer to Dosage and Administration (2) for information on the stability and storage of diluted solutions of ULTOMIRIS.
Manufactured by: Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 121 Seaport Boulevard Boston, MA 02210 USA. Revised: Sep 2024
The following clinically significant adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling:
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The data described below reflect exposure of 441 adult patients with PNH in Phase 3 studies who received ULTOMIRIS (n = 222) or eculizumab (n = 219) at the recommended dosing regimens with median treatment duration of 6 months for ULTOMIRIS and 6 months for eculizumab. The most frequent adverse reactions (≥ 10%) with ULTOMIRIS were upper respiratory tract infection and headache. Table 10 describes adverse reactions that occurred at a rate of 5% or more among patients treated with ULTOMIRIS in PNH studies.
Serious adverse reactions were reported in 15 (6.8%) patients with PNH receiving ULTOMIRIS. The serious adverse reactions in patients treated with ULTOMIRIS included hyperthermia and pyrexia. No serious adverse reaction was reported in more than 1 patient treated with ULTOMIRIS.
One fatal case of sepsis was identified in a patient treated with ULTOMIRIS.
Table 10: Adverse Reactions Reported in 5% or More of ULTOMIRIS-Treated Patients in Complement Inhibitor Naïve and Eculizumab-Experienced Adult Patients with PNH
| Body System Adverse Reaction |
Number of Patients | |
| ULTOMIRIS (N=222) n (%) |
Eculizumab (N=219) n (%) |
|
| Gastrointestinal disorders | ||
| Diarrhea | 19 (9) | 12 (5) |
| Nausea | 19 (9) | 19 (9) |
| Abdominal pain | 13 (6) | 16 (7) |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | ||
| Pyrexia | 15 (7) | 18 (8) |
| Infections and infestations | ||
| Upper respiratory tract infectiona | 86 (39) | 86 (39) |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | ||
| Pain in extremity | 14 (6) | 11 (5) |
| Arthralgia | 11 (5) | 12 (5) |
| Nervous system disorders | ||
| Headache | 71 (32) | 57 (26) |
| Dizziness | 12 (5) | 14 (6) |
| a Grouped term includes: nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, oropharyngeal pain, viral upper respiratory tract infection, rhinitis, respiratory tract infection, rhinorrhea, pharyngitis, and upper respiratory tract inflammation | ||
Clinically relevant adverse reactions in 1% of patients include infusion-related reactions.
In pediatric patients with PNH (aged 9 to 17 years old) included in the pediatric PNH Phase 3 study, the safety profile appeared similar to that observed in adult patients with PNH and in pediatric and adult patients with aHUS. The most common adverse reactions (> 20%) were upper respiratory tract infection, anemia, abdominal pain, and headache. Table 11 describes the adverse reactions that occurred at a rate of 10% or more among pediatric patients treated with ULTOMIRIS in Study ALXN1210-PNH-304.
Table 11: Adverse Reactions Reported in 10% or More of ULTOMIRIS-Treated Pediatric Patients with PNH in Study ALXN1210-PNH-304
| Body System Adverse Reaction |
Treatment Naive (N=5) n (%) |
Eculizumab Experienced (N=8) n (%) |
Total (N=13) n (%) |
| Blood and lymphatic system disorders | |||
| Anemiaa | 1 (20) | 2 (25) | 3 (23) |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | |||
| Abdominal pain | 0 (0) | 3 (38) | 3 (23) |
| Constipation | 0 (0) | 2 (25) | 2 (15) |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | |||
| Pyrexia | 1 (20) | 1 (13) | 2 (15) |
| Infections and infestations | |||
| Upper Respiratory tract infectionb | 1 (20) | 6 (75) | 7 (54) |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | |||
| Pain in extremity | 0 (0) | 2 (25) | 2 (15) |
| Nervous system disorders | |||
| Headache | 1 (20) | 2 (25) | 3 (23) |
| a Grouped term includes: anemia and iron deficiency anemia b Grouped term includes: nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, oropharyngeal pain, and viral upper respiratory tract infection |
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The data described below reflect exposure of 58 adult and 16 pediatric patients with aHUS in single-arm trials who received ULTOMIRIS at the recommended dose and schedule. The most frequent adverse reactions reported in ≥ 20% of patients treated with ULTOMIRIS were upper respiratory tract infection, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, hypertension, and pyrexia. Table 12, Table 13 and Table 14 describe adverse reactions that occurred at a rate of 10% or more among patients treated with ULTOMIRIS in aHUS studies. Serious adverse reactions were reported in 42 (57%) patients with aHUS receiving ULTOMIRIS. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in more than 2 patients (2.7%) treated with ULTOMIRIS were hypertension, pneumonia, and abdominal pain. Four patients died during the ALXN1210-aHUS-311 study. The cause of death was sepsis in 2 patients and intracranial hemorrhage in 1 patient. The fourth patient, who was excluded from the trial after a diagnosis of STECHUS, died due to pretreatment cerebral arterial thrombosis.
Table 12: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 10% of ULTOMIRIS-Treated Patients with aHUS in Study ALXN1210-aHUS-311
| Body System Adverse Reaction |
ALXN1210-aHUS-311 (N=58) |
|
| All Gradesc (n=53) n (%) |
≥ Grade 3 (n=14) n (%) |
|
| Blood and lymphatic system disorders | ||
| Anemia | 8 (14) | 0 (0) |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | ||
| Diarrhea | 18 (31) | 2 (3) |
| Nausea | 15 (26) | 2 (3) |
| Vomiting | 15 (26) | 2 (3) |
| Constipation | 8 (14) | 1 (2) |
| Abdominal pain | 7 (12) | 1 (2) |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | ||
| Pyrexia | 11 (19) | 1 (2) |
| Edema peripheral | 10 (17) | 0 (0) |
| Fatigue | 8 (14) | 0 (0) |
| Infections and infestations | ||
| Upper respiratory tract infections | 15 (26) | 0 (0) |
| Urinary tract infection | 10 (17) | 5 (9) |
| Gastrointestinal infections | 8 (14) | 2 (3) |
| Metabolism and nutrition disorders | ||
| Hypokalemia | 6 (10) | 1 (2) |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | ||
| Arthralgia | 13 (22) | 0 (0) |
| Back pain | 7 (12) | 1 (2) |
| Muscle spasms | 6 (10) | 0 (0) |
| Pain in extremity | 6 (10) | 0 (0) |
| Nervous system disorders | ||
| Headache | 23 (40) | 1 (2) |
| Psychiatric disorders | ||
| Anxiety | 8 (14) | 1 (2) |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | ||
| Cough | 10 (17) | 0 (0) |
| Dyspnea | 10 (17) | 1 (2) |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | ||
| Alopecia | 6 (10) | 0 (0) |
| Dry skin | 6 (10) | 0 (0) |
| Vascular disorders | ||
| Hypertension | 14 (24) | 7 (12) |
| a Grouped term includes nasopharyngitis, pharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, rhinitis, viral upper respiratory tract infection, rhinovirus infection, viral pharyngitis, rhinorrhea, and oropharyngeal pain. b Grouped term includes gastroenteritis, gastrointestinal infection, enterocolitis infectious, infectious colitis, and enterocolitis. c Graded per CTCAE v5.0. |
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Clinically relevant adverse reactions include viral tonsilitis (in < 10% of patients) and infusion-related reactions (in 3% of patients).
Table 13: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 10% of ULTOMIRIS-Treated Patients with aHUS in Study ALXN1210-aHUS-312
| Body System Adverse Reaction |
ALXN1210-aHUS-312 (N=16) |
|
| All Gradesb (n=16) n (%) |
≥ Grade 3 (n=6) n (%) |
|
| Blood and lymphatic system disorders | ||
| Anemia | 2 (13) | 1 (6) |
| Lymphadenopathy | 2 (13) | 0 (0) |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | ||
| Diarrhea | 6 (38) | 0 (0) |
| Constipation | 4 (25) | 0 (0) |
| Vomiting | 4 (25) | 1 (6) |
| Abdominal pain | 3 (19) | 0 (0) |
| Nausea | 2 (13) | 0 (0) |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | ||
| Pyrexia | 8 (50) | 0 (0) |
| Infections and infestations | ||
| Upper respiratory tract infectionsa | 7 (44) | 1 (6) |
| Gastroenteritis viral | 2 (13) | 2 (13) |
| Pneumonia | 2 (13) | 1 (6) |
| Tonsillitis | 2 (13) | 0 (0) |
| Injury, poisoning and procedural complications | ||
| Contusion | 3 (19) | 0 (0) |
| Investigations | ||
| Vitamin D decreased | 3 (19) | 0 (0) |
| Metabolism and nutrition disorders | ||
| Decreased appetite | 2 (13) | 0 (0) |
| Iron deficiency | 2 (13) | 0 (0) |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | ||
| Myalgia | 3 (19) | 0 (0) |
| Pain in extremity | 2 (13) | 0 (0) |
| Nervous system disorders | ||
| Headache | 5 (31) | 0 (0) |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | ||
| Cough | 3 (19) | 0 (0) |
| Dyspnea | 2 (13) | 0 (0) |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | ||
| Rash | 3 (19) | 0 (0) |
| Vascular disorders | ||
| Hypertension | 4 (25) | 1 (6) |
| Hypotension | 2 (13) | 0 (0) |
| a Grouped term includes nasopharyngitis, pharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, rhinitis, viral upper respiratory tract infection, rhinovirus infection, viral pharyngitis, rhinorrhea, and oropharyngeal pain. b Graded per CTCAE v5.0. |
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Clinically relevant adverse reactions in < 10% of patients include viral infection.
Table 14: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 10% of ULTOMIRIS-Treated Patients from Birth to 16 Years of Age with aHUS in Study ALXN1210-aHUS-312
| Body System Adverse Reaction |
ALXN1210-aHUS-312 | |||
| Age 0 to < 2 (N=2) n (%) |
Age 2 to < 12 (N=12) n (%) |
Age 12 to 16 (N=1) n (%) |
Total (N=15) n (%) |
|
| Blood and lymphatic system disorders | ||||
| Lymphadenopathy | 0 (0) | 2 (17) | 0 (0) | 2 (13) |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | ||||
| Diarrhea | 1 (50) | 3 (25) | 1 (100) | 5 (33) |
| Constipation | 0 (0) | 4 (33) | 0 (0) | 4 (27) |
| Vomiting | 0 (0) | 3 (25) | 0 (0) | 3 (20) |
| Abdominal pain | 0 (0) | 2 (17) | 0 (0) | 2 (13) |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | ||||
| Pyrexia | 1 (50) | 5 (42) | 1 (100) | 7 (47) |
| Infections and infestations | ||||
| Upper respiratory tract infections | 1 (50) | 6 (50) | 0 (0) | 7 (47) |
| Gastroenteritis viral | 0 (0) | 2 (17) | 0 (0) | 2 (13) |
| Tonsillitis | 1 (50) | 1 (8) | 0 (0) | 2 (13) |
| Injury, poisoning and procedural complications | ||||
| Contusion | 0 (0) | 2 (17) | 0 (0) | 2 (13) |
| Investigations | ||||
| Vitamin D decreased | 0 (0) | 2 (17) | 1 (100) | 3 (20) |
| Metabolism and nutrition disorders | ||||
| Decreased appetite | 1 (50) | 1 (8) | 0 (0) | 2 (13) |
| Iron deficiency | 0 (0) | 2 (17) | 0 (0) | 2 (13) |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | ||||
| Myalgia | 1 (50) | 1 (8) | 0 (0) | 2 (13) |
| Pain in extremity | 0 (0) | 2 (17) | 0 (0) | 2 (13) |
| Nervous system disorders | ||||
| Headache | 0 (0) | 4 (33) | 0 (0) | 4 (27) |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | ||||
| Cough | 0 (0) | 3 (25) | 0 (0) | 3 (20) |
| Dyspnea | 1 (50) | 1 (8) | 0 (0) | 2 (13) |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | ||||
| Rash | 1 (50) | 2 (17) | 0 (0) | 3 (20) |
| Vascular disorders | ||||
| Hypertension | 1 (50) | 3 (25) | 0 (0) | 4 (27) |
| Hypotension | 0 (0) | 2 (17) | 0 (0) | 2 (13) |
| a Grouped term includes nasopharyngitis, pharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, rhinitis, viral upper respiratory tract infection, rhinovirus infection, viral pharyngitis, rhinorrhea, and oropharyngeal pain | ||||
Clinically relevant adverse reactions in < 10% of patients include viral infection.
The safety of ULTOMIRIS has been evaluated in 175 adult patients with gMG, including 169 patients who received at least one dose of ULTOMIRIS, 142 patients who were exposed for at least 6 months, and 95 who were exposed for at least 12 months [see Clinical Studies]. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (ALXN1210-MG-306), the most frequent adverse reactions (≥ 10%) with ULTOMIRIS were diarrhea and upper respiratory tract infection. Table 15 describes adverse reactions that occurred at a rate of 5% or more and at greater frequency than placebo. Serious adverse reactions were reported in 20 (23%) patients with gMG receiving ULTOMIRIS and in 14 (16%) patients receiving placebo. The most frequent serious adverse reactions were infections reported in at least 8 (9%) patients treated with ULTOMIRIS and in 4 (4%) patients treated with placebo [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. Of these infections, one fatal case of COVID-19 pneumonia was identified in a patient treated with ULTOMIRIS and one case of infection led to discontinuation of ULTOMIRIS.
Table 15: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 5% and at Greater Frequency than Placebo in ULTOMIRIS-Treated Adult Patients with gMG in Study ALXN1210-MG-306
| Body System Adverse Reaction |
Number of Patients | |
| ULTOMIRIS (N=86) n (%) |
Placebo (N=89) n (%) |
|
| Gastrointestinal Disorders | ||
| Diarrhea | 13 (15) | 11 (12) |
| Abdominal pain | 5 (6) | 0 |
| Infections and Infestations | ||
| Upper respiratory tract infection | 12 (14) | 7 (8) |
| Urinary tract infection | 5 (6) | 4 (4) |
| Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders | ||
| Back Pain | 7 (8) | 5 (6) |
| Nervous System Disorders | ||
| Dizziness | 8 (9) | 3 (3) |
The safety of ULTOMIRIS has been evaluated in 58 adult patients with NMOSD who received at least one dose of ULTOMIRIS [see Clinical Studies]. In Study ALXN1210-NMO-307, an open-label multicenter trial, the most frequent adverse reactions (≥10%) with ULTOMIRIS were COVID-19, headache, back pain, urinary tract infection and arthralgia.
Table 16 describes adverse reactions that occurred at a rate of 5% or more in patients treated with ULTOMIRIS. Serious adverse reactions were reported in 8 (13.8%) patients with NMOSD receiving ULTOMIRIS.
Table 16: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 5% in ULTOMIRIS-Treated Adult Patients with NMOSD in Study ALXN1210-NMO-307
| Body System Adverse Reaction |
ULTOMIRIS (N=58) n (%) |
| Blood and Lymphatic System Disorder | |
| Lymphadenopathy | 3 (5) |
| Gastrointestinal Disorders | |
| Constipation | 4 (7) |
| Vomiting | 4 (7) |
| Diarrhea | 3 (5) |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease | 3 (5) |
| General Disorders and Administration Site Reactions | |
| Pyrexia | 5 (9) |
| Chills | 3 (5) |
| Fatigue | 3 (5) |
| Malaise | 3 (5) |
| Non-cardiac chest pain | 3 (5) |
| Vaccination site pain | 3 (5) |
| Infections and Infestations | |
| COVID-19 | 14 (24) |
| Urinary tract infection | 6 (10) |
| Cystitis | 5 (9) |
| Upper respiratory tract infection | 5 (9) |
| Nasopharyngitis | 3 (5) |
| Sinusitis | 3 (5) |
| Injury, Poisoning and Procedural Complications | |
| Infusion related reaction | 4 (7) |
| Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders | |
| Back pain | 7 (12) |
| Arthralgia | 6 (10) |
| Myalgia | 3 (5) |
| Nervous System Disorders | |
| Headache | 14 (24) |
| Dizziness | 4 (7) |
| Migraine | 3 (5) |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | |
| Cough | 3 (5) |
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of ULTOMIRIS. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to ULTOMIRIS exposure.
Concomitant use of ULTOMIRIS with plasma exchange (PE), plasmapheresis (PP), or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment can reduce serum ravulizumab concentrations and requires a supplemental dose of ULTOMIRIS [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Concomitant use of ULTOMIRIS with neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) blockers (e.g., efgartigimod) may lower systemic exposures and reduce effectiveness of ULTOMIRIS. Closely monitor for reduced effectiveness of ULTOMIRIS.
Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.
ULTOMIRIS, a complement inhibitor, increases a patient's susceptibility to serious, life-threatening, or fatal infections caused by meningococcal bacteria (septicemia and/or meningitis) in any serogroup, including non-groupable strains. Life-threatening and fatal meningococcal infections have occurred in both vaccinated and unvaccinated patients treated with complement inhibitors. The initiation of ULTOMIRIS treatment is contraindicated in patients with unresolved serious Neisseria meningitidis infection.
Complete or update meningococcal vaccination (for serogroups A, C, W, Y and B) at least 2 weeks prior to administration of the first dose of ULTOMIRIS, according to current ACIP recommendations for patients receiving a complement inhibitor. Revaccinate patients in accordance with ACIP recommendations considering the duration of ULTOMIRIS therapy. Note that ACIP recommends an administration schedule in patients receiving complement inhibitors that differs from the administration schedule in the vaccine prescribing information. If urgent ULTOMIRIS therapy is indicated in a patient who is not up to date with meningococcal vaccines according to ACIP recommendations, provide the patient with antibacterial drug prophylaxis and administer meningococcal vaccines as soon as possible. Various durations and regimens of antibacterial drug prophylaxis have been considered, but the optimal durations and drug regimens for prophylaxis and their efficacy have not been studied in unvaccinated or vaccinated patients receiving complement inhibitors, including ULTOMIRIS. The benefits and risks of treatment with ULTOMIRIS, as well as the benefits and risks of antibacterial drug prophylaxis in unvaccinated or vaccinated patients, must be considered against the known risks for serious infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis.
Vaccination does not eliminate the risk of meningococcal infections, despite development of antibodies following vaccination.
Closely monitor patients for early signs and symptoms of meningococcal infection and evaluate patients immediately if infection is suspected. Inform patients of these signs and symptoms and instruct patients to seek immediate medical care if these signs and symptoms occur. Promptly treat known infections. Meningococcal infection may become rapidly life-threatening or fatal if not recognized and treated early. Consider interruption of ULTOMIRIS in patients who are undergoing treatment for serious meningococcal infection, depending on the risks of interrupting treatment in the disease being treated.
ULTOMIRIS is available only through a restricted program under a REMS [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
ULTOMIRIS is available only through a restricted program under a REMS called ULTOMIRIS and SOLIRIS REMS, because of the risk of serious meningococcal infections [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Notable requirements of the ULTOMIRIS and SOLIRIS REMS include the following:
Further information is available at www.UltSolREMS.com or 1-888-765-4747.
Serious infections with Neisseria species (other than Neisseria meningitidis), including disseminated gonococcal infections, have been reported.
ULTOMIRIS blocks terminal complement activation; therefore, patients may have increased susceptibility to infections, especially with encapsulated bacteria, such as infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis but also Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and to a lesser extent, Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Children treated with ULTOMIRIS may be at increased risk of developing serious infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Administer vaccinations for the prevention of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infections according to ACIP recommendations. Patients receiving ULTOMIRIS are at increased risk for infections due to these organisms, even if they develop antibodies following vaccination.
After discontinuing treatment with ULTOMIRIS, closely monitor for signs and symptoms of hemolysis, identified by elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) along with sudden decrease in PNH clone size or hemoglobin, or reappearance of symptoms such as fatigue, hemoglobinuria, abdominal pain, shortness of breath (dyspnea), major adverse vascular event (including thrombosis), dysphagia, or erectile dysfunction. Monitor any patient who discontinues ULTOMIRIS for at least 16 weeks to detect hemolysis and other reactions. If signs and symptoms of hemolysis occur after discontinuation, including elevated LDH, consider restarting treatment with ULTOMIRIS.
ULTOMIRIS treatment of aHUS should be a minimum duration of 6 months. Due to heterogeneous nature of aHUS events and patient-specific risk factors, treatment duration beyond the initial 6 months should be individualized.
There are no specific data on ULTOMIRIS discontinuation.
After discontinuing treatment with ULTOMIRIS, patients should be monitored for clinical symptoms and laboratory signs of TMA complications for at least 12 months.
TMA complications post-discontinuation can be identified if any of the following is observed:
If TMA complications occur after ULTOMIRIS discontinuation, consider reinitiation of ULTOMIRIS treatment or appropriate organ-specific supportive measures.
The effect of withdrawal of anticoagulant therapy during ULTOMIRIS treatment has not been established. Therefore, treatment with ULTOMIRIS should not alter anticoagulant management.
Administration of ULTOMIRIS may result in systemic infusion-related reactions, including anaphylaxis [see ADVERSE REACTIONS] and hypersensitivity reactions. In clinical trials, infusion-related reactions occurred in approximately 1 to 7% of patients treated with ULTOMIRIS [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. These events included lower back pain, abdominal pain, muscle spasms, drop in blood pressure, elevation in blood pressure, rigors, limb discomfort, drug hypersensitivity (allergic reaction), and dysgeusia (bad taste). These reactions did not require discontinuation of ULTOMIRIS. If signs of cardiovascular instability or respiratory compromise occur, interrupt ULTOMIRIS infusion and institute appropriate supportive measures.
Advise the patients and/or caregivers to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide).
Advise patients of the risk of serious meningococcal infection. Inform patients of the need to complete or update their meningococcal vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to receiving the first dose of ULTOMIRIS or receive antibacterial drug prophylaxis if ULTOMIRIS treatment must be initiated immediately and they have not been previously vaccinated. Inform patients of the requirement to be revaccinated according to current ACIP recommendations for meningococcal infection while on ULTOMIRIS therapy [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Inform patients that vaccination may not prevent serious meningococcal infection and to seek immediate medical attention if the following signs or symptoms occur [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]:
Inform patients that they will be given a Patient Safety Card for ULTOMIRIS that they should carry with them at all times during and for 8 months following treatment with ULTOMIRIS. This card describes symptoms which, if experienced, should prompt the patient to immediately seek medical evaluation.
ULTOMIRIS is available only through a restricted program called ULTOMIRIS and SOLIRIS REMS [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Inform the patient of the following notable requirements:
Counsel patients of the increased risk of infections, particularly those due to encapsulated bacteria, especially Neisseria species. Advise patients of the need for vaccination against meningococcal infections according to current medical guidelines. Counsel patients about gonorrhea prevention and advise regular testing for patients at risk. Advise patients to report any new signs and symptoms of infection.
Inform patients with PNH or aHUS that they may develop serious hemolysis or TMA, respectively, when ULTOMIRIS is discontinued and that they will be monitored by their healthcare professional for at least 16 weeks for PNH or at least 12 months for aHUS following ULTOMIRIS discontinuation [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Inform patients who discontinue ULTOMIRIS to keep the Patient Safety Card with them for 8 months after the last ULTOMIRIS dose, because the increased risk of meningococcal infection persists for several months following discontinuation of ULTOMIRIS.
Advise patients that administration of ULTOMIRIS may result in infusion-related reactions [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to ULTOMIRIS during pregnancy. Encourage participation and advise patients about how they may enroll in the registry [see Use In Specific Populations].
Long-term animal carcinogenicity studies of ravulizumab-cwvz have not been conducted.
Genotoxicity studies have not been conducted with ravulizumab-cwvz.
Effects of ravulizumab-cwvz upon fertility have not been studied in animals. Intravenous injections of male and female mice with a murine anti-C5 antibody at up to 0.8-2.2 times the equivalent of the clinical dose of ULTOMIRIS had no adverse effects on mating or fertility.
There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to ULTOMIRIS during pregnancy. Healthcare providers and patients may call 1-833-793-0563 or go to www.ULTOMIRISPregnancyStudy.com to enroll in or to obtain information about the registry.
There are no available data on ULTOMIRIS use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with untreated PNH and aHUS in pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations). Animal studies using a mouse analogue of the ravulizumab-cwvz molecule (murine anti-mouse complement component 5 [C5] antibody) showed increased rates of developmental abnormalities and an increased rate of dead and moribund offspring at doses 0.8-2.2 times the human dose (see Data).
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.
Disease-Associated Maternal And/Or Fetal/neonatal Risk
PNH in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal outcomes, including worsening cytopenias, thrombotic events, infections, bleeding, miscarriages, and increased maternal mortality, and adverse fetal outcomes, including fetal death and premature delivery.
In pregnancy, aHUS is associated with adverse maternal outcomes, including preeclampsia and preterm delivery, and adverse fetal/neonatal outcomes, including intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), fetal death and low birth weight.
Animal Data
Animal reproduction studies were conducted in mice using doses of a murine anti-C5 antibody that approximated 1-2.2 times (loading dose) and 0.8-1.8 times (maintenance dose) the recommended human ULTOMIRIS dose, based on a body weight comparison. When animal exposure to the antibody occurred in the time period from before mating until early gestation, no decrease in fertility or reproductive performance was observed. When maternal exposure to the antibody occurred during organogenesis, 2 cases of retinal dysplasia and 1 case of umbilical hernia were observed among 230 offspring born to mothers exposed to the higher antibody dose; however, the exposure did not increase fetal loss or neonatal death. When maternal exposure to the antibody occurred in the time period from implantation through weaning, a higher number of male offspring became moribund or died (1/25 controls, 2/25 low dose group, 5/25 high dose group). Surviving offspring had normal development and reproductive function. Human IgG are known to cross the human placental barrier, and thus ULTOMIRIS may potentially cause terminal complement inhibition in fetal circulation.
There are no data on the presence of ravulizumab-cwvz in human milk, the effect on the breastfed child, or the effect on milk production. Since many medicinal products and immunoglobulins are secreted into human milk, and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in a nursing child, breastfeeding should be discontinued during treatment and for 8 months after the final dose.
The safety and effectiveness of ULTOMIRIS for the treatment of PNH have been established in pediatric patients aged one month and older. Use of ULTOMIRIS for this indication is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled trials in adults with additional pharmacokinetic, efficacy and safety data in pediatric patients aged 9 to 17 years [see ADVERSE REACTIONS, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, and Clinical Studies]. The safety and efficacy for the treatment of pediatric and adult patients with PNH appear similar. Use of ULTOMIRIS in pediatric patients with PNH aged less than 9 years and body weight < 30 kg is based on extrapolation of pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic (PK/PD), and efficacy and safety data from aHUS and PNH clinical studies [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY and Clinical Studies].
The safety and effectiveness of ULTOMIRIS for the treatment of aHUS have been established in pediatric patients aged one month and older. Use of ULTOMIRIS for this indication is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies in adults with additional pharmacokinetic, safety, and efficacy data in pediatric patients aged 10 months to < 17 years. The safety and efficacy of ULTOMIRIS for the treatment of aHUS appear similar in pediatric and adult patients [see ADVERSE REACTIONS, and Clinical Studies].
The safety and effectiveness of ULTOMIRIS for the treatment of gMG or NMOSD in pediatric patients have not been established.
Clinical studies of ULTOMIRIS did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over (58 patients with PNH, 9 with aHUS, 54 with gMG, and 7 with NMOSD) to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.
Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between elderly and younger patients.
No Information provided
ULTOMIRIS is contraindicated for initiation in patients with unresolved serious Neisseria meningitidis infection [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Ravulizumab-cwvz is a terminal complement inhibitor that specifically binds to the complement protein C5 with high affinity, thereby inhibiting its cleavage to C5a (the proinflammatory anaphylatoxin) and C5b (the initiating subunit of the membrane attack complex [MAC or C5b-9]) thus preventing MAC formation. ULTOMIRIS inhibits terminal complement-mediated intravascular hemolysis in patients with PNH and complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in patients with aHUS.
The precise mechanism by which ravulizumab-cwvz exerts its therapeutic effect in gMG patients is unknown, but is presumed to involve reduction of terminal complement complex C5b-9 deposition at the neuromuscular junction.
The precise mechanism by which ravulizumab-cwvz exerts its therapeutic effect in NMOSD is unknown, but is presumed to involve inhibition of aquaporin-4 antibody-induced terminal complement C5b-9 deposition.
Complete inhibition of serum free C5 (concentration of less than 0.5 mcg/mL) was observed by the end of the first ULTOMIRIS infusion and sustained throughout the entire 26-week treatment period in both adult and pediatric patients with PNH, in the majority (93%) of adult and pediatric patients with aHUS, in all adult patients with gMG, and in the majority (98.3%) of adult patients with NMOSD.
The extent and duration of the pharmacodynamic response in patients with PNH, aHUS, gMG, or NMOSD were exposure-dependent for ULTOMIRIS. Free C5 levels of <0.5 mcg/mL were correlated with maximal intravascular hemolysis control and complete terminal complement inhibition in patients with PNH.
Complete terminal complement inhibition following initiation of ULTOMIRIS treatment led to normalization of serum LDH by week 4 in complement-inhibitor naive patients with PNH, and maintained LDH normalization in patients previously treated with eculizumab with PNH [see Clinical Studies].
Following ULTOMIRIS treatment, ravulizumab-cwvz pharmacokinetics increase proportionally over a dose range of 200 to 5400 mg. Ravulizumab-cwvz Cmax and Ctrough parameters are presented in Table 17, Table 18, Table 19, and Table 20.
Table 17: Mean (%CV) Pharmacokinetic Parameters Following ULTOMIRIS Treatment in Patients with PNH who are Complement Inhibitor-Naive and Patients Previously Treated with Eculizumab
| Pediatric Patients | Adult Patients | ||||||||
| ALXN1210-PNH-304 | ALXN1210-PNH- 301 | ALXN1210-PNH- 302 | |||||||
| N | Complement Inhibitor- Naive | N | Previously Treated with Eculizumab | N | Complement Inhibitor- Naive | N | Previously Treated with Eculizumab | ||
| Cmax (mcg/mL) | LD | 4 | 733 (14.5) | 8 | 885 (19.3) | 125 | 771 (21.5) | 95 | 843 (24.1) |
| MD | 4 | 1490 (26.7) | 8 | 1705 (9.7) | 124 | 1,379 (20.0) | 95 | 1,386 (19.4) | |
| Ctrough (mcg/mL) | LD | 4 | 368 (14.7) | 8 | 452 (15.1) | 125 | 391 (35.0) | 96 | 405 (29.9) |
| MD | 4 | 495 (21.3) | 8 | 566 (12.2) | 124 | 473 (33.4) | 95 | 501 (28.6) | |
| Abbreviations: LD = Loading Dose; MD = Maintenance Dose | |||||||||
Table 18: Mean (%CV) Pharmacokinetic Parameters Following ULTOMIRIS Treatment in Patients with aHUS
| Pediatric Patients (ALXN1210-aHUS-312) | Adult Patients (ALXN1210-aHUS-311) | ||||||
| N | < 20 kg MD Q4W | N | ≥ 20 to < 40 kg MD Q8W | N | ≥ 40 kg MD Q8W | ||
| Cmax (mcg/mL) | LD | 8 | 656 (38.1) | 4 | 600 (17.3) | 52 | 754 (35.2) |
| MD | 7 | 1,467 (37.8) | 6 | 1,863 (15.3) | 46 | 1,458 (17.6) | |
| Ctrough (mcg/mL) | LD | 9 | 241 (52.1) | 5 | 186 (16.5) | 55 | 313 (33.9) |
| MD | 7 | 683 (46.1) | 6 | 549 (34.1) | 46 | 507 (42.5) | |
| Abbreviations: LD = Loading Dose; MD = Maintenance Dose; Q4W = Every 4 Weeks; Q8W = Every 8 Weeks | |||||||
Table 19: Mean (%CV) Pharmacokinetic Parameters Following ULTOMIRIS Treatment in Adult Patients with gMG
| N | Adult Patients (ALXN1210-MG-306) | ||
| Cmax (mcg/mL) | LD | 86 | 874 (21.1) |
| MD | 76 | 1548 (23.2) | |
| Ctrough (mcg/mL) | LD | 85 | 418 (27.6) |
| MD | 70 | 587 (29.6) | |
| Abbreviations: LD = Loading Dose; MD=Maintenance Dose | |||
Table 20: Mean (%CV) Pharmacokinetic Parameters Following ULTOMIRIS Treatment in Adult Patients with NMOSD
| N | Adult Patients (ALXN1210-NMO-307) | ||
| Cmax (mcg/mL) | LD | 58 | 935.3 (17.3) |
| MD | 56 | 1836.4 (19.4) | |
| Ctrough (mcg/mL) | LD | 58 | 459.1 (19.7) |
| MD | 54 | 796.9 (27.1) | |
| Abbreviations: LD = Loading Dose; MD=Maintenance Dose | |||
The mean (standard deviation [SD]) volume of distribution at steady state in patients with PNH, aHUS, gMG, or NMOSD are shown in Table 21.
The mean (standard deviation [SD]) terminal elimination half-life and clearance of ravulizumab-cwvz are shown in Table 21.
Table 21: Distribution, Biotransformation, and Elimination Parameters Following ULTOMIRIS Treatment
| Adult and Pediatric Patients with PNH | Adult and Pediatric Patients with aHUS | Adult Patients with gMG | Adult Patients with NMOSD | |
| Distribution | ||||
| Volume of distribution at steady state (liters) Mean (SD) | 5.30 (0.95) | 5.22 (1.85) | 5.74 (1.16) | 4.77 (0.819) |
| Biotransformation and Elimination | ||||
| Terminal elimination half-life (days) Mean (SD) | 49.6 (9.08) | 51.8 (16.2) | 56.6 (8.36) | 64.3 (11.0) |
| Clearance (liters/day) Mean (SD) | 0.08 (0.02) | 0.08 (0.04) | 0.08 (0.02) | 0.05 (0.016) |
No clinically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of ravulizumab-cwvz were observed based on sex, age (10 months to 83 years), race, hepatic impairment, or any degree of renal impairment, including patients with proteinuria or receiving dialysis.
Body weight was a clinically significant covariate on the pharmacokinetics of ravulizumab-cwvz.
No drug-drug interaction studies have been performed.
Neonatal Fc Receptor blocker treatment may interfere with the endosomal neonatal FcRn recycling mechanism of monoclonal antibodies such as ravulizumab and thereby decrease serum ravulizumab concentrations [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].
Concomitant PE, PP, or IVIg treatment requires a supplemental dose of ULTOMIRIS [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
The observed incidence of anti-drug antibodies is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Differences in assay methods preclude meaningful comparisons of the incidence of anti-drug antibodies in the studies described below with the incidence of anti-drug antibodies in other studies, including those of ULTOMIRIS or other ravulizumab-cwvz products.
The immunogenicity of ravulizumab-cwvz has been evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of binding anti-ravulizumab-cwvz antibodies. For patients whose sera tested positive in the screening immunoassay, an in vitro biological assay was performed to detect neutralizing antibodies.
In clinical studies with ULTOMIRIS, treatment-emergent antibodies to ravulizumab-cwvz were detected in 1 of 219 (0.5%) patients with PNH [see Clinical Studies] and 1 of 71 (1.4%) patients with aHUS [see Clinical Studies]. In these 2 patient populations, the observed ADA were non-neutralizing with no apparent impact on PK, safety, or efficacy. In the gMG study (N=86) and NMOSD study (N=58), no treatment-emergent antibodies to ravulizumab-cwvz were detected [see Clinical Studies].
However, the assay used to measure anti-drug antibodies (ADA) is subject to interference by serum ravulizumab-cwvz, possibly resulting in an underestimation of the incidence of antibody formation. Due to the limitation of the assay conditions, the potential clinical impact of antibodies to ravulizumab-cwvz is not known.
The safety and efficacy of ULTOMIRIS in adult patients with PNH was assessed in 2 open-label, randomized, active-controlled, non-inferiority Phase 3 studies: PNH Study 301 and PNH Study 302. Study 301 enrolled patients with PNH who were complement inhibitor naive and had active hemolysis. Study 302 enrolled patients with PNH who were clinically stable after having been treated with eculizumab for at least the past 6 months. The safety and efficacy of ULTOMIRIS in pediatric patients with PNH was assessed in PNH Study 304, an open-label, Phase 3 study conducted in eculizumab-experienced and complement inhibitor treatment naive pediatric patients with PNH.
In Study 301 and Study 302, adults with PNH were dosed with ULTOMIRIS administered intravenously in accordance with the weight-based dosing described in Section 2.3 (4 infusions of ULTOMIRIS over 26 weeks) above. Eculizumab was administered on Days 1, 8, 15, and 22, followed by maintenance treatment with 900 mg of eculizumab on Day 29 and every 2 weeks (q2w) thereafter for a total of 26 weeks of treatment, according to the approved dosing regimen of eculizumab which was the standard-of-care for PNH at the time of the studies.
Patients were vaccinated against meningococcal infection prior to or at the time of initiating treatment with ULTOMIRIS or eculizumab, or received prophylactic treatment with appropriate antibiotics until 2 weeks after vaccination. Prophylactic treatment with appropriate antibiotics beyond 2 weeks after vaccination was at the discretion of the provider.
The Complement-Inhibitor Naive Study [ALXN1210-PNH-301; NCT02946463] was a 26-week, multicenter, open-label, randomized, active-controlled, non-inferiority Phase 3 study conducted in 246 patients naive to complement inhibitor treatment prior to study entry.
Patients with PNH with flow cytometric confirmation of at least 5% PNH cells were randomized 1:1 to either intravenously administered ULTOMIRIS or eculizumab. The mean total PNH granulocyte clone size was 85%, the mean total PNH monocyte clone size was 88%, and the mean total PNH RBC clone size was 39%. Ninety-eight percent of patients had a documented PNH-associated condition diagnosed prior to enrollment on the trial: anemia (85%), hemoglobinuria (63%), history of aplastic anemia (32%), history of renal failure (12%), myelodysplastic syndrome (5%), pregnancy complications (3%), and other (16%). Major baseline characteristics were balanced between treatment groups. Table 22 provides the baseline characteristics for the patients enrolled in the complement-inhibitor naive study.
Table 22: Baseline Characteristics in the Complement-Inhibitor Naive Study
| Parameter | Statistics | ULTOMIRIS (N=125) |
Eculizumab (N=121) |
| Age (years) at first infusion in study | Mean (SD) | 44.8 (15.2) | 46.2 (16.2) |
| Min, max | 18, 83 | 18, 86 | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | n (%) | 65 (52.0) | 69 (57.0) |
| Race | |||
| Asian | n (%) | 72 (57.6) | 57 (47.1) |
| White | 43 (34.4) | 51 (42.1) | |
| Black or African American | 2 (1.6) | 4 (3.3) | |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.8) | |
| Other | 4 (3.2) | 4 (3.3) | |
| Not reported | 3 (2.4) | 4 (3.3) | |
| Pre-treatment LDH levels (U/L) | Median | 1513.5 | 1445.0 |
| Min, max | (378.0, 3759.5) | (423.5, 3139.5) | |
| Units of pRBC/whole blood | Median | 6.0 | 6.0 |
| transfused within 12 months prior to | |||
| first dose | Min, max | (1, 44) | (1, 32) |
| Antithrombotic agents used within 28 days prior to first dose | n (%) | 22 (17.6) | 22 (18.2) |
| Patients with a history of MAVE | n (%) | 17 (13.6) | 25 (20.7) |
| Patients with a history of thrombosis | n (%) | 17 (13.6) | 20 (16.5) |
| Patients with concomitant anticoagulant treatment | n (%) | 23 (18.4) | 28 (23.1) |
| Abbreviations: LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; max = maximum; min = minimum; MAVE = major adverse vascular event; pRBC = packed red blood cell; SD = standard deviation | |||
Efficacy was established based upon transfusion avoidance and hemolysis as directly measured by normalization of LDH levels. Transfusion avoidance was defined as patients who did not receive a transfusion and did not meet the protocol specified guidelines for transfusion from baseline up to Day 183. Supportive efficacy data included the percent change from baseline in LDH levels, the proportion of patients with breakthrough hemolysis defined as at least one new or worsening symptom or sign of intravascular hemolysis in the presence of elevated LDH ≥ 2 x ULN, after prior LDH reduction to < 1.5 x ULN on therapy and the proportion of patients with stabilized hemoglobin.
Non-inferiority of ULTOMIRIS to eculizumab was demonstrated across endpoints in the complement-inhibitor naive treatment population described in Table 23 below.
Table 23: Efficacy Results in the Complement-Inhibitor Naive Study
| ULTOMIRIS (N=125) |
Eculizumab (N=121) |
Statistic for Comparison | Treatment Effect (95% CI) | |
| Transfusion avoidance rate | 73.6% | 66.1% | Difference in rate | 6.8 (-4.66, 18.14) |
| LDH normalization | 53.6% | 49.4% | Odds ratio | 1.19 (0.80, 1.77) |
| LDH percent change | -76.84% | -76.02% | Difference in % change from baseline | -0.83 (-5.21, 3.56) |
| Breakthrough hemolysis | 4.0% | 10.7% | Difference in rate | -6.7 (-14.21, 0.18) |
| Hemoglobin stabilization | 68.0% | 64.5% | Difference in rate | 2.9 (-8.80, 14.64) |
| For the transfusion avoidance endpoint, treatment differences (95% CIs) are based on estimated differences in percent with 95% CI. For the lactate dehydrogenase normalization endpoint, the adjusted prevalence within each treatment is displayed. Abbreviations: LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; CI = confidence interval |
||||
There was no observable difference in fatigue between ULTOMIRIS and eculizumab after 26 weeks of treatment compared to baseline as measured by the FACIT-fatigue instrument. Patient-reported fatigue may be an under- or over-estimation because patients were not blinded to treatment assignment.
The study in eculizumab-experienced patients [ALXN1210-PNH-302; NCT03056040] was a 26-week, multicenter, open-label, randomized, active-controlled, non-inferiority Phase 3 study conducted in 195 patients with PNH who were clinically stable after having been treated with eculizumab for at least the past 6 months.
Patients who demonstrated clinically stable disease after being treated with eculizumab for at least the prior 6 months were randomized 1:1 to either continue eculizumab or to switch to ULTOMIRIS administered intravenously. The mean total PNH granulocyte clone size was 83%, the mean total PNH monocyte clone size was 86%, and the mean total PNH RBC clone size was 60%. Ninety-five percent of patients had a documented PNH-associated condition diagnosed prior to enrollment in the trial: anemia (67%), hematuria or hemoglobinuria (49%), history of aplastic anemia (37%), history of renal failure (9%), myelodysplastic syndrome (5%), pregnancy complication (7%), and other (14%). Major baseline characteristics were balanced between the 2 treatment groups. Table 24 provides the baseline characteristics for the patients enrolled in the eculizumab-experienced study.
Table 24: Baseline Characteristics in Eculizumab-Experienced Adult Patients with PNH
| Parameter | Statistics | ULTOMIRIS (N=97) |
Eculizumab (N=98) |
| Age (years) at first infusion in study | Mean (SD) | 46.6 (14.41) | 48.8 (13.97) |
| Min, max | 18, 79 | 23, 77 | |
| Race | n (%) | 50 (51.5) | 61 (62.2) |
| White | 23 (23.7) | 19 (19.4) | |
| Asian | 5 (5.2) | 3 (3.1) | |
| Black or African American | 2 (2.1) | 1 (1.0) | |
| Other | 13 (13.4) | 13 (13.3) | |
| Not reported | 3 (3.1) | 1 (1.0) | |
| Unknown Multiple | 1 (1.0) | 0 | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | n (%) | 50 (51.5) | 48 (49.0) |
| Pre-treatment LDH levels (U/L) | Median Min, max | 224.0 135.0, 383.5 | 234.0 100.0, 365.5 |
| Units of pRBC/whole blood transfused within 12 months prior to first dose | Median | 4.0 | 2.5 |
| Min, max | (1, 32) | (2, 15) | |
| Antithrombotic agents used within 28 days prior to first dose | n (%) | 20 (20.6) | 13 (13.3) |
| Patients with a history of MAVE | n (%) | 28 (28.9) | 22 (22.4) |
| Patients with a history of thrombosis | n (%) | 27 (27.8) | 21 (21.4) |
| Patients with concomitant anticoagulant treatment | n (%) | 22 (22.7) | 16 (16.3) |
| Abbreviations: LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; max = maximum; min = minimum; MAVE = major adverse vascular event; pRBC = packed red blood cell; SD = standard deviation | |||
Efficacy was established based on hemolysis as measured by LDH percent change from baseline to Day 183 and supportive efficacy data was transfusion avoidance, proportion of patients with stabilized hemoglobin, and the proportion of patients with breakthrough hemolysis through Day 183.
Non-inferiority of ULTOMIRIS to eculizumab was demonstrated across endpoints in the patients with PNH previously treated with eculizumab described in Table 25 below.
Table 25: Efficacy Results in the Eculizumab-Experienced Adult Patients with PNH Eculizumab-Experienced Study
| ULTOMIRIS N = 97 |
Eculizumab N = 98 |
Statistic for Comparison | Treatment Effect (95% CI) | |
| LDH percent change | -0.82% | 8.4% | Difference in % change from baseline | 9.2 (-0.42, 18.8) |
| Breakthrough hemolysis | 0% | 5.1% | Difference in rate | 5.1 (-8.9, 19.0) |
| Transfusion avoidance | 87.6 % | 82.7% | Difference in rate | 5.5 (-4.3, 15.7) |
| Hemoglobin stabilization | 76.3% | 75.5% | Difference in rate | 1.4 (-10.4, 13.3) |
| Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase | ||||
There was no observable difference in fatigue between ULTOMIRIS and eculizumab after 26 weeks of treatment compared to baseline as measured by the FACIT-fatigue instrument. Patient-reported fatigue may be an under-or over-estimation because patients were not blinded to treatment assignment.
The pediatric study, ALXN1210-PNH-304 (NCT03406507), was a multi-center, open-label Phase 3 study conducted in eculizumab-experienced and complement inhibitor treatment-naive pediatric patients with PNH. A total of 13 pediatric patients with PNH completed intravenously administered ULTOMIRIS treatment during the Primary Evaluation Period (26 weeks). Five of the 13 patients had never been treated with complement inhibitors and 8 patients were treated with eculizumab. Eleven of the thirteen patients were between 12 and 17 years of age at first infusion, with 2 patients under 12 years old (11 and 9 years old). Table 26 presents the baseline characteristics of the pediatric patients enrolled in Study ALXN1210-PNH-304.
Table 26: Baseline Characteristics for Pediatric Patients with PNH
| Variable | Complement Inhibitor Treatment-naive Patients (N = 5) |
Eculizumab- Experienced Patients (N = 8) |
All Patients (N = 13) |
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Male | 4 (80.0) | 1 (12.5) | 5 (38.5) |
| Female | 1 (20.0) | 7 (87.5) | 8 (61.5) |
| Age at first infusion (years) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 14.4 (2.2) | 14.4 (3.1) | 14.4 (2.7) |
| Median (min, max) | 15.0 (11, 17) | 15.0 (9, 17) | 15.0 (9, 17) |
| Age at first infusion (years) category, n (%) | |||
| < 12 years | 1 (20.0) | 1 (12.5) | 2 (15.4) |
| ≥ 12 years | 4 (80.0) | 7 (87.5) | 11 (84.6) |
| Baseline weight (kg) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 56.3 (11.6) | 56.3 (12.2) | 56.3 (11.5) |
| Median (min, max) | 55.6 (39.5, 72.0) | 55.5 (36.7, 69.0) | 55.6 (36.7, 72.0) |
| Baseline weight (kg) category, n (%) | |||
| ≥ 30 to < 40 kg | 1 (20.0) | 1 (12.5) | 2 (15.4) |
| ≥ 40 to < 60 kg | 3 (60.0) | 4 (50.0) | 7 (53.8) |
| ≥ 60 to < 100 kg | 1 (20.0) | 3 (37.5) | 4 (30.8) |
| Units of pRBC/whole blood transfused within 12 months prior to first dose | |||
| Median (min, max) | 7.0 (3, 11) | 2.0 (2, 2) | - |
| Pre-treatment LDH levels (U/L) | |||
| Median (min, max) | 588.5 (444, 2269.7) | 251.5 (140.5, 487) | - |
| Note: Percentages were based on the total number of patients in each cohort, or overall. Abbreviations: LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; kg = kilogram; max = maximum; min = minimum; pRBC = packed red blood cells; SD = standard deviation |
|||
Based on body weight, patients received a loading dose of ULTOMIRIS on Day 1, followed by maintenance treatment on Day 15 and once every 8 weeks (q8w) thereafter for patients weighing ≥ 20 kg, or once every 4 weeks (q4w) for patients weighing < 20 kg. For patients who entered the study on eculizumab therapy, Day 1 of study treatment was planned to occur 2 weeks from the patient's last dose of eculizumab.
The weight-based dose regimen of ravulizumab-cwvz provided inhibition of terminal complement in all patients throughout the entire 26-week treatment period regardless of prior experience with eculizumab. Following initiation of ravulizumab-cwvz treatment, steady-state therapeutic serum concentrations of ravulizumab-cwvz were achieved after the first dose and maintained throughout the primary evaluation period in both cohorts. Three of 5 complement inhibitor treatment-naive patients and 6 out of 8 eculizumab-experienced patients achieved hemoglobin stabilization by Week 26, respectively. Transfusion avoidance was reached for 11 out of 13 of patients during the 26-week Primary Evaluation Period. One patient experienced breakthrough hemolysis during the extension period. Table 27 presents secondary efficacy outcomes for the primary evaluation period.
Table 27: Efficacy Outcomes from the 26-Week Primary Evaluation Period of Pediatric Patient Study in PNH (ALXN1210-PNH-304)
| Endpoint | Treatment Naive (N = 5) |
Eculizumab Experienced (N = 8) |
| LDH percent change from baseline (%)a | -47.9 (-113.4, 17.5) | 4.7 (-36.7, 46.0) |
| Transfusion avoidance (%)b | 60.0 (14.7, 94.7) | 100.0 (63.1, 100.0) |
| Change in FACIT-Fatiguea | 3.4 (-4.2, 11.0) | 1.3 (-3.1, 5.7) |
| Hemoglobin stabilization (%)b | 60.0 (14.7, 94.7) | 75.0 (34.9, 96.8) |
| Breakthrough hemolysis (%) | 0 | 0c |
| a 95% CIs for the mean obtained from t-distribution were presented. b 95% CIs for the proportion were based on exact confidence limits using the Clopper-Pearson method. c No patients experienced breakthrough hemolysis during the primary evaluation period. One patient experienced breakthrough hemolysis at 1.8 years during the extension period; however, at the time of the breakthrough hemolysis event the patient had adequate C5 inhibition (free C5 < 0.5 mcg/mL). Abbreviations: FACIT = Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase |
||
A clinically relevant improvement from baseline in fatigue as assessed by Pediatric FACIT-Fatigue (i.e., mean improvement of > 3 units for Pediatric FACIT Fatigue scores) was sustained throughout the primary evaluation period in the 5-complement inhibitor treatment naive patients. A slight improvement was also observed in eculizumab-experienced patients. However, patient-reported fatigue may be an under-or over-estimation because patients were not blinded to treatment assignment.
The efficacy of ULTOMIRIS in pediatric patients with PNH is similar to that observed in adult patients with PNH enrolled in pivotal studies.
The efficacy of ULTOMIRIS administered intravenously in patients with aHUS was assessed in 2 open-label, single-arm studies. Study ALXN1210-aHUS-311 enrolled adult patients who displayed signs of TMA. In order to qualify for enrollment, patients were required to have a platelet count ≤ 150 x 109/L, evidence of hemolysis such as an elevation in serum LDH, and serum creatinine above the upper limits of normal or required dialysis.
Study ALXN1210-aHUS-312 enrolled pediatric patients who displayed signs of TMA. In order to qualify for enrollment, patients were required to have a platelet count ≤ 150 x 109/L, evidence of hemolysis such as an elevation in serum LDH, and serum creatinine level ≥ 97.5% percentile at screening or required dialysis. In both studies, enrollment criteria excluded patients presenting with TMA due to a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13) deficiency, Shiga toxin Escherichia coli related hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) and genetic defect in cobalamin C metabolism. Patients with confirmed diagnosis of STEC-HUS after enrollment were excluded from the efficacy evaluation.
The adult study [ALXN1210-aHUS-311; NCT02949128] was conducted in patients who were naive to complement inhibitor treatment prior to study entry. The study consisted of a 26-week Initial Evaluation Period and patients were allowed to enter an extension period for up to 4.5 years. All patients received ULTOMIRIS administered intravenously according to their weight [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
A total of 56 patients with aHUS were evaluated for efficacy. Ninety-three percent of patients had extra-renal signs (cardiovascular, pulmonary, central nervous system, gastrointestinal, skin, skeletal muscle) or symptoms of aHUS at baseline. At baseline, 71.4% (n = 40) of patients had Stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD). Fourteen percent had a medical history of kidney transplant and 51.8% were on dialysis at study entry. Eight patients entered the study with evidence of TMA for > 3 days after childbirth (i.e., postpartum).
Table 28 presents the demographics and baseline characteristics of the 56 adult patients enrolled in Study ALXN1210-aHUS-311 that constituted the Full Analysis Set.
Table 28: Demographics and Baseline Characteristics in Study ALXN1210-aHUS-311
| Parameter | Statistics | ULTOMIRIS (N=56) |
| Age at time of first infusion (years) | Mean (SD) | 42.2 (14.98) |
| Min, max | 19.5, 76.6 | |
| Sex | ||
| Female | n (%) | 37 (66.1) |
| Race a | n (%) | |
| White | 29 (51.8) | |
| Asian | 15 (26.8) | |
| Unknown | 8 (14.3) | |
| Other | 4 (7.1) | |
| Platelets (109/L) blood | n | 56 |
| [normal range 130 to 400 x 109/L] | Median (min,max) | 95.25 (18, 473) |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) blood | n | 56 |
| [normal range 115 to 160 g/L (female), 130 to 175 g/L (male)] | Median (min,max) | 85.00 (60.5, 140) |
| LDH (U/L) serum [normal range 120 to 246 U/L] | n | 56 |
| Median (min,max) | 508.00 (229.5, 3249) | |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²) [normal range ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m²] | n (%) | 55 |
| Mean (SD) | 15.86 (14.815) | |
| Median (min,max) | 10.00 (4, 80) | |
| Note: Percentages are based on the total number of patients. a Patients can have multiple races selected. Abbreviations: eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; max = maximum; min = minimum; SD = standard deviation |
||
The efficacy evaluation was based on Complete TMA Response during the 26-week Initial Evaluation Period, as evidenced by normalization of hematological parameters (platelet count and LDH) and ≥ 25% improvement in serum creatinine from baseline. Patients had to meet each Complete TMA Response criteria at 2 separate assessments obtained at least 4 weeks (28 days) apart, and any measurement in between.
Complete TMA Response was observed in 30 of the 56 patients (54%) during the 26-week Initial Evaluation Period as shown in Table 29.
Table 29: Efficacy Results in aHUS during the 26-Week Initial Evaluation Period (ALXN1210-aHUS-311)
| Total | Responder | ||
| n | Proportion (95% CI)a | ||
| Complete TMA Response | 56 | 30 | 0.54 (0.40, 0.67) |
| Components of Complete TMA Response Platelet count normalization | 56 | 47 | 0.84 (0.72, 0.92) |
| LDH normalization | 56 | 43 | 0.77 (0.64, 0.87) |
| ≥ 25% improvement in serum creatinine from baseline | 56 | 33 | 0.59 (0.45, 0.72) |
| Hematologic normalization | 56 | 41 | 0.73 (0.60, 0.84) |
| a 95% CIs for the proportion were based on exact confidence limits using the Clopper-Pearson method. Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; TMA = thrombotic  microangiopathy |
|||
One additional patient had a Complete TMA Response that was confirmed after the 26-week Initial Evaluation Period. Complete TMA Response was achieved at a median time of 86 days (range: 7 to 169 days). The median duration of Complete TMA Response was 7.97 months (range: 2.52 to 16.69 months). All responses were maintained through all available follow-up.
Other endpoints included platelet count change from baseline, dialysis requirement, and renal function as evaluated by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
An increase in mean platelet count was observed after commencement of ULTOMIRIS treatment, increasing from 118.52 x 109/L at baseline to 240.34 x109/L at Day 8 and remaining above 227 x 109/L at all subsequent visits in the Initial Evaluation Period (26 weeks).
Renal function, as measured by eGFR, was improved or maintained during ULTOMIRIS therapy. The mean eGFR (+/-SD) increased from 15.86 (14.82) at baseline to 51.83 (39.16)by 26 weeks. In patients with Complete TMA Response, renal function continued to improve after the Complete TMA Response was achieved.
Seventeen of the 29 patients (59%) who required dialysis at study entry discontinued dialysis by the end of the available follow-up and 6 of 27 (22%) patients were off dialysis at baseline were on dialysis at last available follow-up.
The Pediatric Study [ALXN1210-aHUS-312; NCT03131219] is a 26-week ongoing, multicenter, single-arm study conducted in 16 pediatric patients. All patients received ULTOMIRIS administered intravenously according to their weight [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]
A total of 14 eculizumab-naive patients with documented diagnosis of aHUS were enrolled and included in this interim analysis. The median age at the time of first infusion was 5.2 years (range 0.9, 17.3 years). The overall mean weight at Baseline was 19.8 kg; half of the patients were in the baseline weight category ≥ 10 to < 20 kg. The majority of patients (71%) had pretreatment extra-renal signs (cardiovascular, pulmonary, central nervous system, gastrointestinal, skin, skeletal muscle) or symptoms of aHUS at baseline. At baseline, 35.7% (n = 5) of patients had a CKD Stage 5. Seven percent had history of prior kidney transplant and 35.7% were on dialysis at study entry.
Table 30 presents the baseline characteristics of the pediatric patients enrolled in Study ALXN1210-aHUS-312.
Table 30: Demographics and Baseline Characteristics in Study ALXN1210-aHUS-312
| Parameter | Statistics | ULTOMIRIS (N = 14) |
| Age at time of first infusion (years) category | n (%) | |
| Birth to < 2 years | 2 (14.3) | |
| 2 to < 6 years | 7 (50.0) | |
| 6 to < 12 years | 4 (28.6) | |
| 12 to < 18 years | 1 (7.1) | |
| Sex | n (%) | |
| Female | 9 (64.3) | |
| Racea | n (%) | |
| White | 7 (50.0) | |
| Asian | 4 (28.6) | |
| Black or African American | 2 (14.3) | |
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 1 (7.1) | |
| Unknown | 1 (7.1) | |
| Platelets (109/L) blood [normal range 229 to 533 x 109/L] | Median (min, max) | 64.00 (14, 125) |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) blood [normal range 107 to 131 g/L] | ||
| Median (min, max) | 74.25 (32, 106) | |
| LDH (U/L) serum [normal range 165 to 395 U/L] | Median (min, max) | 2077.00 (772, 4985) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²) [normal range ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m²] | Mean (SD) | 28.4 (23.11) |
| Median (min, max) | 22.0 (10, 84) | |
| Note: Percentages are based on the total number of patients. a Patients can have multiple races selected. Abbreviations: eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; max = maximum; min = minimum |
||
Efficacy evaluation was based upon Complete TMA Response during the 26-week Initial Evaluation Period, as evidenced by normalization of hematological parameters (platelet count and LDH) and ≥ 25% improvement in serum creatinine from baseline. Patients had to meet all Complete TMA Response criteria at 2 separate assessments obtained at least 4 weeks (28 days) apart, and any measurement in between.
Complete TMA Response was observed in 10 of the 14 patients (71%) during the 26-week Initial Evaluation Period as shown in Table 31.
Table 31: Efficacy Results in aHUS during the 26-Week Initial Evaluation Period (ALXN1210-aHUS-312)
| Total | Responder | ||
| n | Proportion (95% CI)a | ||
| Complete TMA Response | 14 | 10 | 0.71 (0.42, 0.92) |
| Components of Complete TMA Response Platelet count normalization | 14 | 13 | 0.93 (0.66, 0.99) |
| LDH normalization | 14 | 12 | 0.86 (0.57, 0.98) |
| ≥ 25% improvement in serum creatinine from baseline | 14 | 11 | 0.79 (0.49, 0.95) |
| Hematologic normalization | 14 | 12 | 0.86 (0.57, 0.98) |
| Note: One patient withdrew from study after receiving 2 doses of ravulizumab-cwvz. a 95% CIs for the proportion were based on exact confidence limits using the Clopper-Pearson method. Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; TMA = thrombotic microangiopathy |
|||
Complete TMA Response during the Initial Evaluation Period was achieved at a median time of 30 days (range:15 to 88 days). The median duration of Complete TMA Response was 5.08 months (range: 3.08 to 5.54 months). All responses were maintained through all available follow-up.
Other endpoints included platelet count change from baseline, dialysis requirement, and renal function as evaluated by eGFR.
An increase in mean platelet count was observed after commencement of ULTOMIRIS treatment, increasing from 60.50 x 109/L at baseline to 296.67 x 109/L at Day 8 and remained above 296 x 109/L at all subsequent visits in the Initial Evaluation Period (26 weeks). The mean eGFR (+/-SD) increased from 28.4 (23.11) at baseline to 108.0 (63.21) by 26 weeks.
Four of the 5 patients who required dialysis at study entry were able to discontinue dialysis after the first month in study and for the duration of ULTOMIRIS treatment. No patient started dialysis during the study.
The efficacy of ULTOMIRIS for the treatment of gMG was demonstrated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study (ALXN1210-MG-306; NCT03920293). Patients were randomized 1:1 to either receive ULTOMIRIS (n=86) or placebo (n=89) for 26 weeks. ULTOMIRIS was administered intravenously according to the weight-based recommended dosage [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Patients with gMG with a positive serologic test for anti-AChR antibodies, Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) clinical classification class II to IV, and Myasthenia Gravis-Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) total score ≥ 6 were enrolled. Baseline and disease characteristics were similar between treatment groups (including age at first dose [mean of 58 years for ULTOMIRIS versus 53 years for placebo], gender [51% female for ULTOMIRIS versus 51% female for placebo], race as White, Asian, and Black or African American [78%, 17%, and 2% for ULTOMIRIS versus 69%, 18%, and 5% for placebo, respectively], and duration of MG since diagnosis [mean of 10 years, ranging from 0.5 to 39.5 years, for ULTOMIRIS versus mean of 10.0 years, ranging from 0.5 to 36.1 years, for placebo].
Over 80% of patients were receiving acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, 70% were receiving corticosteroids, and 68% were receiving non-steroidal immunosuppressants (ISTs) at study entry. Patients on concomitant medications to treat gMG were permitted to continue on therapy throughout the course of the study.
The primary efficacy endpoint was a comparison of the change from baseline between treatment groups in the MG-ADL total score at Week 26. The MG-ADL is a categorical scale that assesses the impact on daily function of 8 signs or symptoms that are typically affected in gMG. Each item is assessed on a 4-point scale where a score of 0 represents normal function and a score of 3 represents loss of ability to perform that function. The total score ranges from 0 to 24, with the higher scores indicating more impairment.
The secondary endpoints, also assessed from baseline to Week 26, included the change in the Quantitative MG total score (QMG). The QMG is a 13-item categorical scale assessing muscle weakness. Each item is assessed on a 4-point scale where a score of 0 represents no weakness and a score of 3 represents severe weakness. A total score ranges from 0 to 39, where higher scores indicate more severe impairment.
Other secondary endpoints included the proportion of patients with improvements of at least 5 and 3 points in the QMG and MG-ADL total scores, respectively.
Treatment with ULTOMIRIS demonstrated a statistically significant change in the MG-ADL and QMG total scores from baseline at Week 26 as compared to placebo (Table 32).
Table 32: Efficacy Results in Patients with gMG
| Efficacy Endpoints: Change from Baseline at Week 26 | Placebo (n = 89) LS Mean |
ULTOMIRIS (n = 86) LS Mean |
Treatment Effect (95% CI) | p-value* |
| Primary Endpoint | ||||
| MG-ADL | -1.4 | -3.1 | -1.6 (-2.6, -0.7) |
< 0.001 |
| Secondary Endpoint | ||||
| QMG | -0.8 | -2.8 | -2.0 (-3.2, -0.8) |
< 0.001 |
| *p-value calculated using mixed effect model for repeated measures Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval, LS = least squares; MG-ADL = Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living profile; QMG = Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis score for disease severity | ||||
The proportion of QMG responders with at least a 5-point improvement at week 26 was greater for ULTOMIRIS (30.0%) compared to placebo (11.3%) p = 0.005. The proportion of MG-ADL responders with at least a 3-point improvement at week 26 was also greater for ULTOMIRIS (56.7%) compared to placebo (34.1%). The proportion of clinical responders at higher response thresholds (≥ 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-point improvement on MG-ADL, and ≥ 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, or 10-point improvement on QMG) was consistently greater for ULTOMIRIS compared to placebo.
Figure 1: Change from Baseline in MG-ADL Total Score (A) and QMG Total Score (B) Through Week 26 of the Randomized Controlled Period of ALXN1210-MG-306 (Mean and 95% CI)
 |
Note: *p<0.001 versus placebo
The efficacy and safety of ULTOMIRIS in adult patients with anti-AQP4 antibody positive NMOSD was assessed in an open-label multicenter study, Study ALXN1210-NMO-307 (NCT04291262). Patients participating in Study ALXN1210-NMO-307 received ULTOMIRIS intravenously in the Primary Treatment Period that ended when the last enrolled patient completed (or discontinued prior to) 50 weeks on study, representing a median study duration of 73.5 weeks (minimum 13.7, maximum 117.7). Efficacy assessments were based on a comparison of patients in Study ALXN1210-NMO-307 with an external placebo control group from another study (Study ECU-NMO-301, NCT01892345) composed of a comparable population of adult patients with anti-AQP4 antibody positive NMOSD.
Study ALXN1210-NMO-307 enrolled 58 adult patients with NMOSD who had a positive serologic test for anti-AQP4 antibodies, at least 1 relapse in the last 12 months prior to the Screening Period, and an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≤ 7. In the external placebo control group, eligibility criteria were similar except patients were required to have at least 2 relapses in last 12 months or 3 relapses in the last 24 months with at least 1 relapse in the 12 months prior to screening. Prior treatment with immunosuppressant therapies (ISTs) was not required for enrollment. However, patients on selected ISTs (i.e., corticosteroids, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, methotrexate, and tacrolimus) were permitted to continue on therapy, with a requirement for stable dosing until they reached Week 106 in the Study. Similar IST use was permitted in the external placebo control group.
ULTOMIRIS was administered intravenously according to the weight-based recommended dosage [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
The demographics were similar between the ULTOMIRIS treatment group from Study ALXN1210-NMO-307 and the placebo treatment group from Study ECU-NMO-301 (including age [median of 46.0 years for ULTOMIRIS versus 44.0 years for placebo] and sex [89.7% female for ULTOMIRIS versus 89.4% female for placebo]). The majority of patients were White or Asian. The median time from diagnosis to first dose was 0.9 years for ULTOMIRIS and 2.0 years for placebo. The median annualized relapse rate (ARR) in the last 24 months was 1.4 for ULTOMIRIS versus 1.9 for placebo, and the median number of historical relapses was 2 for ULTOMIRIS versus 4 for placebo. The median baseline EDSS score was 3.3 for ULTOMIRIS versus 4.0 for placebo. At baseline, 48% of patients in the ULTOMIRIS group received concomitant IST, including corticosteroids, versus 72% of subjects in the placebo group.
The primary endpoint of Study ALXN1210-NMO-307 was the time to first adjudicated on-trial relapse as determined by an independent adjudication committee. No adjudicated on-trial relapses were observed in ULTOMIRIS-treated patients during the Primary Treatment Period, representing a statistically significant difference between the ULTOMIRIS and placebo treatment arms in time to first adjudicated on-trial relapse (p < 0.0001). The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) for ULTOMIRIS compared with placebo was 0.014 (0.000, 0.103), representing a 98.6% reduction in the risk of relapse (Figure 2). ULTOMIRIS-treated patients experienced similar improvement in time to first adjudicated on-trial relapse with or without concomitant treatment.
Figure 2: Kaplan-Meier Survival Estimates for Time to First Adjudicated On-Trial Relapse in Study ALXN1210-NMO-307 and Comparative Placebo Arm of Study ECU-NMO-301
 |
Note: The placebo group data were collected as part of Study ECU-NMO-301. Patients who did not experience an adjudicated on-trial relapse were censored at the end of the study period. If a patient in the placebo group was followed longer than any of the patients in the ULTOMIRIS group, then that patient was censored at the longest ULTOMIRIS follow-up time.
No information provided. Please refer to the WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS section.
