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REVCOVI
(elapegademase-lvlr) Injection
Elapegademase-lvlr is a recombinant adenosine deaminase (rADA) based on bovine amino acid sequence, conjugated to monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG). rADA is manufactured in E.coli and is covalently conjugated to mPEG with a succinimidyl carbamate linker to produce methoxypolyethylene glycol recombinant adenosine deaminase (SC-PEG rADA). The approximate molecular weight of elapegademase-lvlr (SC-PEG rADA) is 113 KDa.
REVCOVI (elapegademase-lvlr) injection is a sterile, preservative free, clear, colorless solution for intramuscular use supplied in single-dose vials. Each vial provides 1.5 mL of solution containing 2.4 mg elapegademase-lvlr (1.6 mg/mL), sodium chloride (12.75 mg), sodium phosphate dibasic heptahydrate (12.7 mg), sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate (3.81 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 6.9.
REVCOVI is indicated for the treatment of adenosine deaminase severe combined immune deficiency (ADA-SCID) in pediatric and adult patients.
If a patient’s weekly Adagen dose is unknown, or a patient’s weekly Adagen dose is at or lower than 30 U/kg, the recommended minimum starting dose of REVCOVI is 0.2 mg/kg, intramuscularly, once a week.
If a patient’s weekly Adagen dose is above 30 U/kg, an equivalent weekly REVCOVI dose (mg/kg) should be calculated using the following conversion formula:
| REVCOVI dose in mg/kg = | Adagen dose in u/kg 150 |
Subsequent doses may be increased by increments of 0.033 mg/kg weekly if trough ADA activity is under 30 mmol/hr/L, trough deoxyadenosine nucleotides (dAXP) are above 0.02 mmol/L, and/or the immune reconstitution is inadequate based on the clinical assessment of the patient. The total weekly dose may be divided into multiple intramuscular (IM) administrations during a week.
The starting weekly dose of REVCOVI is 0.4 mg/kg based on ideal body weight, divided into two doses (0.2 mg/kg twice a week), intramuscularly, for a minimum of 12 to 24 weeks until immune reconstitution is achieved. After that, the dose may be gradually adjusted down to maintain trough ADA activity over 30 mmol/hr/L, trough dAXP level under 0.02 mmol/L, and/or to maintain adequate immune reconstitution based on clinical assessment of the patient.
The optimal long-term dose and schedule of administration should be established by the treating physician for each patient individually and may be adjusted based on the laboratory values for trough ADA activity, trough dAXP level, and/or on the treating physician’s medical assessment of the patient’s clinical status.
REVCOVI is for IM injection only. Follow sterile IM administration technique guidelines appropriate to the patient’s age and anatomy (i.e. choice of needle gauge and length, site of administration). Take precautions not to inject into or near an artery or nerve. Alternate the injection site periodically.
The treatment of ADA-SCID with REVCOVI should be monitored by measuring trough plasma ADA activity, trough dAXP levels, and/or total lymphocyte counts. Monitoring should be more frequent if therapy was interrupted or if an enhanced rate of clearance of plasma ADA activity develops. Collect blood samples for the analysis of trough plasma ADA activity and trough dAXP level prior to the first administration of REVCOVI for the week.
Once treatment with REVCOVI has been initiated, a target trough plasma ADA activity should be at least 30 mmol/hr/L. In order to determine an effective dose of REVCOVI, trough plasma ADA activity (pre-injection) should be determined every 2 weeks for Adagen-naïve patients and every 4 weeks for patients previously receiving Adagen therapy, during the first 8 - 12 weeks of treatment, and every 3 - 6 months thereafter.
A decrease of ADA activity below this level suggests noncompliance to treatment or a development of antibodies (anti-drug, anti-PEG, and neutralizing antibodies). Antibodies to REVCOVI should be suspected if a persistent fall in pre-injection levels of trough plasma ADA activity below 15 mmol/hr/L occurs. In such patients, testing for antibodies to REVCOVI should be performed.
If a persistent decline in trough plasma ADA activity occurs, immune function and clinical status should be monitored closely and precautions should be taken to minimize the risk of infection. If antibodies to REVCOVI are found to be the cause of a persistent fall in trough plasma ADA activity, then adjustment in the dosage of REVCOVI and other measures may be taken to induce tolerance and restore adequate ADA activity.
Two months after starting REVCOVI treatment, trough erythrocyte dAXP levels should be maintained below 0.02 mmol/L, and monitored at least twice a year.
The degree of immune function may vary from patient to patient. Each patient will require appropriate monitoring consistent with immunologic status. Total and subset lymphocytes should be monitored periodically as follows:
Immune function, including the ability to produce antibodies, generally improves after 2 - 6 months of therapy, and matures over a longer period. In general, there is a lag between the correction of the metabolic abnormalities and improved immune function. Improvement in the general clinical status of the patient may be gradual (as evidenced by improvement in various clinical parameters) but should be apparent by the end of the first year of therapy.
Injection: 2.4 mg/1.5 mL (1.6 mg/mL) clear and colorless solution of elapegademase-lvlr in a singledose vial.
REVCOVI (elapegademase-lvlr) injection, 2.4 mg/1.5 mL (1.6 mg/mL), is a sterile, preservative free, clear, colorless solution for intramuscular use available as one single-dose vial per carton (NDC 57665-002-01).
The vial stopper is not made with natural rubber latex.
Single-dose vial; do not re-use the vial. Discard unused portions.
Store REVCOVI in the refrigerator between 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) in the original carton to protect from light. Do not freeze or shake. REVCOVI should not be used if there are any indications that it may have been frozen.
Manufactured by: Leadiant Biosciences Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA, U.S. Revised: Oct 2018
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
REVCOVI was administered intramuscularly in two prospective, open-label, single-arm, multi-center studies to evaluate efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics in patients with ADA-SCID: Study 1 was performed in the US and Study 2 was performed in Japan [see Clinical Studies]. Overall, 10 patients were treated and adverse reactions reported are summarized below.
Study 1 is a one-way crossover study, conducted in the US, to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of REVCOVI in patients with ADA-SCID who were receiving therapy with Adagen. Six patients, 8 to 37 years of age enrolled in the study. Patients’ exposure to REVCOVI ranged from 2 weeks to 146 weeks. No deaths were reported and one patient discontinued treatment due to injection site pain associated with an earlier drug product formulation that was consequently modified.
The most common adverse reactions were cough (3/6 patients) and vomiting (2/6 patients). Other adverse reactions that were reported in one patient each were: abdominal pain upper, arthralgia, asthenia, cerumen impaction, conjunctivitis, convulsion, dental caries, diarrhea, ear canal irritation, ear lobe infection, epistaxis, fatigue, fungal skin infection, gait disturbance, gastrointestinal infection, groin abscess, hematochezia, haemophilus infection (pulmonary), hemoptysis, influenza, injection site discomfort, laceration, lymphadenopathy, migraine, nasal edema, nausea, nephrolithiasis, oral candidiasis, oropharyngeal pain, otitis externa, productive cough, rash, stoma site infection, swelling face, tooth abscess, tooth extraction and upper respiratory tract infection, regardless of investigator causality assessment.
Study 2 is a single-arm clinical study that was conducted to assess the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of REVCOVI in patients with ADA-SCID. Four patients 3.4 months to 25 years of age, all Asian, were enrolled in the study and received REVCOVI. Three patients received REVCOVI for 21 weeks and one patient received REVCOVI for 15 weeks. One death due to CMV pneumonitis and respiratory failure was observed in an infant, who had also experienced pulmonary hemorrhage, respiratory failure and upper respiratory tract infection that represented serious adverse events. Neutropenia was a serious adverse reaction reported by one of the patients. There were 22 reported adverse events for four patients. Most common adverse events were respiratory infections (2/4 patients).
As with all therapeutic proteins, there is potential for immunogenicity. The immunogenicity results from Study 1 and Study 2 suggest that patients who previously received Adagen may present an immunologic response to REVCOVI. Therefore, monitoring for changes in ADA levels during REVCOVI treatment is recommended. [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]
The observed incidence of antibodies (including neutralizing antibodies) is dependent on assay sensitivity and specificity, assay methodology, and concomitant medications. Therefore, the comparison of the incidence of antibodies to REVCOVI with the incidence of antibodies to other products may be misleading.
The following postmarketing adverse reactions were voluntarily reported for Adagen, the same class of enzyme replacement therapy used in the treatment of ADA-SCID, and may also be seen with REVCOVI treatment:
Since these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
The drug interaction potential of REVCOVI is not known.
Included as part of the "PRECAUTIONS" Section
Since REVCOVI is administered by IM injection, it should be used with caution in patients with thrombocytopenia and should not be used if thrombocytopenia is severe.
Maintain precautions to protect immune deficient patients from infections until improvement in immune function has been achieved. The timing and degree of improvement in immune function may vary from patient to patient.
Long-term studies in animals to evaluate carcinogenic potential or studies to evaluate mutagenic potential and impairment of fertility have not been performed with REVCOVI.
Adequate and well-controlled studies with REVCOVI have not been conducted in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with REVCOVI. It is not known whether REVCOVI can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity.
All pregnancies have a risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the US general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.
Human
No pregnancy was reported for any patients receiving REVCOVI. There are two reports of confirmed cases of successful pregnancy and delivery in ADA-SCID patients treated with Adagen (the same class of enzyme replacement therapy used in the treatment of ADA-SCID). No teratogenic effects of Adagen were reported.
For patients treated with REVCOVI, more frequent monitoring of the health status for both the mother during pregnancy and the development of the offspring is recommended.
Human or animal lactation studies have not been conducted to assess the presence of REVCOVI in breast milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production for the mother.
The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for REVCOVI and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from REVCOVI or from the underlying maternal condition.
The safety and efficacy of REVCOVI have been established in pediatric patients [see Clinical Studies].
REVCOVI was not studied in patients 65 years and older.
There are no reports of administration of REVCOVI in excess of the prescribed doses. The highest weekly prescribed dose administered in the clinical studies was 0.4 mg/kg. In nonclinical studies, there was no evidence of toxicity related to study drug at doses up to 1.8-fold the clinical dose (based on mean human AUC normalized to the dose of REVCOVI administered per patient), except for a slight increase in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT).
None.
SCID associated with a deficiency of ADA enzyme is a rare, inherited, and often fatal disease. ADA enzyme is involved in purine metabolism, catalyzing the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of adenosine or deoxyadenosine to inosine or deoxyinosine, respectively, as well as several naturally occurring methylated adenosine compounds. Maintaining a low level of 2'-deoxyadenosine and adenosine is crucial for proper number and function of immune cells as well as decreasing the frequency of opportunistic infections. Elevated adenosine levels, as occurring in ADA deficiency, contribute to apoptosis and a block in the differentiation of thymocytes, causing severe T-lymphopenia.
Elapegademase-lvlr provides an exogenous source of ADA enzyme that is associated with a decrease in toxic adenosine and deoxyadenosine nucleotides levels as well as an increase in lymphocyte number [see Clinical Studies].
The effect of REVCOVI on the QT interval is not known.
The pharmacokinetics (PK) of REVCOVI were evaluated based on steady state plasma ADA activity in six patients with ADA-SCID (five adults and one pediatric) from two studies (Study 1 and Study 2) who received weekly IM injections at doses ranging from 4.99 to 19.6 mg [see Clinical Studies]. The PK results are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1 Individual Estimates of Steady State Plasma Pharmacokinetic Parameters of REVCOVI
Following Weekly IM Administration in ADA-SCID Patients
| Study | Patient’s Age (yrs), Sex, Race | Weekly
Dose (mg) [mg/kg] |
Tmax (hr) |
DN AUC0-168hr (hr*mmol/hr/L) /(mg/kg)b |
DN Cmax (mmol/hr/L) /(mg/kg)b |
Ctrough (mmol/hr/L)c |
| Study 1a | 19, Male, Hispanic/Latino | 10.0 [0.188] | 47.7 | 32710 | 237 | 29.0 |
| 21, Male, Hispanic/Latino | 10.2 [0.224] | 71.9 | 31343 | 219 | 37.7 | |
| 37, Male, Black/African American | 19.6 [0.2] | 48.2 | 42400 | 292 | 46.2 | |
| 30, Female, White/Caucasian | 10.0 [0.209] | 72.0 | 24564 | 166 | 23.5 | |
| Study 2a | 25, Male, Asian | 10.0 [0.167] | 48.0 | 37605 | 251 | 33.5 |
| 16, Female, Asian | 4.99 [0.233] | 27.2 | 19013 | 150 | 20.2 | |
|
a PK data calculated over the dosing interval after weekly IM administration of REVCOVI at a stable REVCOVI dose for at
least five consecutive weeks b Dose-normalized (DN) AUC0-168hr and Cmax estimates based on mg/kg/week dose of REVCOVI c Non-dose normalized steady state Ctrough ADA activity in plasma at Day 7 prior to administration of next weekly dose |
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In Study 1, steady state ADA activity levels were reached following seven consecutive once weekly IM doses of REVCOVI. In addition, dAXP activity levels in all patients at the majority of all sampling timepoints in Study 1 were less than 0.02 mmol/L.
Study 1, conducted in the US (NCT 01420627), is an ongoing Phase 3, open-label, multicenter, single-arm, one-way crossover study of REVCOVI. The purpose of this clinical study is to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and PK of REVCOVI in 6 patients with ADA-SCID, 4 males and 2 females, who are receiving therapy with Adagen. The study treatment consists of three phases: Adagen Lead-in Phase (minimum of 3 weeks), the REVCOVI Treatment Phase (weeks 1 through 21), and followed by the REVCOVI Maintenance Phase. Six patients treated in the study were 8 to 37 years of age at the start of the study. The starting weekly dose of REVCOVI was calculated based on the last Adagen dose received in the study. Weekly REVCOVI doses ranged from 0.188 mg/kg to 0.292 mg/kg [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
The efficacy endpoints assessed were as follows:
A PK assessment was performed during Week 9 of the REVCOVI Treatment phase [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
Five of six patients reached the 21-week endpoint of the Treatment Phase, and three of six patients received treatment with REVCOVI (elapegademase-lvlr) for over 135 weeks. These patients (except for one value in a patient at Treatment Week 47) had erythrocyte dAXP concentration equal to or below 0.02 mmol/L. These patients had trough plasma ADA activity equal to or above 15 mmol/hr/L at 88/89 timepoints and maintained metabolic detoxification for at least 2 years under REVCOVI treatment. Patients achieved trough plasma ADA activity above 30 mmol/hr/L by week 5, except for one patient who achieved this level at week 1. The mean trough plasma ADA activity for patients receiving REVCOVI at a normalized dose of 0.2 mg/kg/week were 34.3 ± 6.6 mmol/hr/L. The same patients had a mean trough plasma ADA activity of 14.2 ± 5.1 mmol/hr/L when treated with Adagen at a normalized dose of 30 U/kg/week during the Lead-in Phase of the study.
Lymphocyte and subset counts during REVCOVI treatment increased above levels observed during the Adagen Lead-in Phase (i.e., PK day 1 or before the start of REVCOVI treatment): maximum increases of approximately 3-fold at Weeks 60-73 for one patient, maximum increases of approximately 2- to 3-fold at Weeks 73-99 for one patient and approximately 1.5- to 3-fold for the third patient at several timepoints. For these three patients who completed the primary endpoint (21 weeks of treatment) and received REVCOVI for over 135 weeks, a positive trend between high trough plasma ADA activity and increased total lymphocyte counts was observed.
Observations for the other three patients in the study, indicate that these patients also achieved complete detoxification based on trough dAXP level and trough plasma ADA activity, and show stable or slightly increased lymphocyte counts during REVCOVI treatment relative to values recorded during the Adagen lead-in phase.
Study 2, conducted in Japan, is a single-arm clinical study that assessed the safety, efficacy and PK of REVCOVI in patients with ADA-SCID. The study includes two phases: 1) Evaluation, consisting of a Dose Adjustment Period (5 weeks) and a Dose Maintenance Period (16 weeks); and 2) Continuous Administration (Extension) Phase, to be continued until the end of the study.
A total of four patients were enrolled in the study: two males (age 25 years and 3.4 months) and two females (age 16 years and 4.3 months). Two patients, who were on Adagen treatment within 4 weeks before entering the study, received a first dose of REVCOVI that was calculated to be equivalent to the last Adagen dose received. One patient, who did not receive Adagen within four weeks prior to entering the study, was given the first dose of REVCOVI at 0.1 mg/kg body weight, followed by second and third doses at 0.133 mg/kg body weight and weekly thereafter. Over the dose adjustment phase of the study, the dose was titrated to meet criteria for dAXP level (equal to or below 0.02 mmol/L) and adequate trough ADA activity (equal to or above 15 mmol/hr/L). These three patients received REVCOVI for at least 21 weeks (having completed the 5-week Dosage Adjustment Period and the 16-week Maintenance Period) before entering the Extension Phase. The fourth patient (newly diagnosed Adagen-naïve patient with CMV pneumonia [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]) was dosed with REVCOVI at 0.4 mg/kg weekly (divided into two IM administrations) for 16 weeks.
All four of the patients in Study 2 achieved and maintained detoxification (trough dAXP [erythrocyte or blood] ≤0.02 mmol/L) throughout their participation in the Treatment Phase of 21 weeks (Dose Adjustment and Dose Maintenance). Serum ADA activity increased after administering REVCOVI for all four patients, with three patients achieving activity level over 15 mmol/hr/L during the Dose Maintenance Period. Total lymphocyte counts and B-/T-/NK-lymphocyte subset counts for three patients increased from screening to Day 15 during dose adjustment and were stable or increasing during the Maintenance Period.
Counsel patients and caregivers that continuous therapy and adherence to the recommended drug schedule is important for the success of the treatment.
