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ProcalAmine®
(3% Amino Acid and 3% Glycerin) Injection with Electrolytes

Protect from light until use.

DESCRIPTION

ProcalAmine (3% Amino Acid and 3% Glycerin Injection with Electrolytes) is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, moderately hypertonic intravenous injection containing crystalline amino acids, a nonprotein energy substrate and maintenance electrolytes. A 1000 mL unit provides a total of 29 g of protein equivalent (4.6 g N) and 130 nonprotein calories.

All amino acids designated USP are the "L"-isomer with the exception of Glycine USP which does not have an isomer.

Each 100 mL contains:

Nonprotein energy source:

Glycerin USP (glycerol) 3.0 g

Essential amino acids

Isoleucine USP 0.21 g
Leucine USP 0.27 g
Lysine 0.22 g (added as Lysine Acetate USP 0.31 g)
Methionine USP 0.16 g
Phenylalanine USP 0.17 g
Threonine USP 0.12 g
Tryptophan USP 0.046 g
Valine USP 0.20 g

Nonessential amino acids

Alanine USP 0.21 g
Glycine USP 0.42 g
Arginine USP 0.29 g
Histidine USP 0.085 g
Proline USP 0.34 g
Serine USP 0.18 g
Cysteine < 0.014 g (as Cysteine HCl•H2O USP < 0.020 g)
Sodium Acetate•3H2O USP 0.20 g
Magnesium Acetate•4H2O 0.054 g
Calcium Acetate•H2O 0.026 g
Sodium Chloride USP 0.12 g
Potassium Chloride USP 0.15g
Phosphoric Acid NF 0.041 g
Potassium Metabisulfite NF (as an antioxidant) < 0.05 g
Water for Injection USP qs
pH adjusted with Glacial Acetic Acid USP
pH: 6.8 (6.5-7.0), Calculated Osmolarity: 735 mOsmol/liter
Concentration of Electrolytes (mEq/liter): Sodium 35; Potassium 24.5; Calcium 3 Magnesium 5; Chloride 41; Phosphate (HPO=4) 7*; Acetate 47**

*3.5 mmole/liter; 10.9 mg% P
**Acetate is provided as inorganic acetate salts (23 mEq/liter), acetic acid (9 mEq/liter), and lysine acetate (15 mEq/liter). It is thought that acetate from lysine acetate and acetic acid, under the conditions of parenteral nutrition does not impact net acid/base balance when renal and respiratory functions are normal. Clinical experience seems to support this thinking, although confirmatory experimental evidence is not available.

INDICATIONS

ProcalAmine (amino acid and glycerin) is indicated for peripheral administration in adults to preserve body protein and improve nitrogen balance in well-nourished, mildly catabolic patients who require short-term parenteral nutrition.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

ProcalAmine (amino acid and glycerin) is a convenient source of nonprotein calories to preserve lean body mass, amino acids, maintenance electrolytes, and water for adult patients.

Determination of nitrogen balance and accurate daily body weights (corrected for fluid balance) are probably the best means of assessing individual protein requirements.

Approximately three liters per day of ProcalAmine (amino acid and glycerin) will provide a total of 90 grams of amino acids, 390 nonprotein calories and the recommended daily intake of principal intra- and extracellular electrolytes for the stable patient. Therapy can begin with three liters of ProcalAmine (amino acid and glycerin) on the first day with close monitoring of the patient.

As with all intravenous fluid therapy, the goal is to provide adequate water to compensate for insensible, urinary and other losses, and electrolytes for replacement and maintenance. These requirements should be determined frequently and appropriately administered.

Additional electrolytes should be administered evenly throughout the day, and irritating medications should be injected at an alternate infusion site.

Pediatric Use

ProcalAmine (amino acid and glycerin) is intended for use in adults. Use of ProcalAmine (amino acid and glycerin) in pediatric patients is governed by the same considerations that affect the use of any amino acid solution in pediatrics. The amount administered is dosed on the basis of grams of amino acids/kg of body weight/day. Two to three g/kg of body weight for infants with adequate calories are generally sufficient to satisfy protein needs and promote positive nitrogen balance. Solutions administered by peripheral vein should not exceed twice normal serum osmolarity (718 mOsmol/L).

Venous irritation at an infusion site can be minimized by the selection of a large peripheral vein as well as by slowing the rate of infusion. In pediatric patients, the final solution should not exceed twice normal serum osmolarity (718 mOsmol/L).

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration, prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.

HOW SUPPLIED

ProcalAmine® (3% Amino Acid and 3% Glycerin Injection with Electrolytes) is supplied sterile and nonpyrogenic in 1000 mL intravenous infusion bottles, packaged six per case.

Exposure of pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. It is recommended that the product be stored at room temperature (25°C); however, brief exposure up to 40°C does not adversely affect the product.

Protect from light until use.

Revised May 2003. B. Braun Medical Inc., Irvine CA USA 92614-5895. FDA Rev date: 12/24/2003

SIDE EFFECTS

Local reactions of the infusion site consisting of a warm sensation, erythema, phlebitis and thrombosis have been reported in the literature with peripheral amino acid infusions. Generalized flushing, fever and nausea have been reported in the literature during the peripheral administration of amino acids.

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Administration of barbiturates, narcotics, hypnotics or systemic anesthetics should be adjusted with caution in patients also receiving magnesium-containing solutions because of an additive central depressive effect.

WARNINGS

This product contains potassium metabisulfite, a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible people. The overall prevalence of sulfite sensitivity in the general population is unknown and probably low. Sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in asthmatic than in nonasthmatic people.

WARNING: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.

Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 µg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

Peripheral intravenous infusion of amino acids may cause a normal, modest rise in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as a result of increased protein intake. The BUN may become elevated in patients with impaired renal or hepatic function. If the BUN levels exceed post-prandial limits and continue to rise, further use of ProcalAmine (amino acid and glycerin) should be reevaluated.

Administration of amino acid solutions to a patient with hepatic insufficiency may result in serum amino acid imbalances, hyperammonemia, prerenal azotemia, stupor and coma.

Should symptoms of hyperammonemia develop, amino acid administration should be discontinued and the patient's clinical status reevaluated.

Undesirable side effects of glycerol reported in the literature include hemolysis, hemoglobinuria and renal damage. None of these side effects was observed in clinical trials with ProcalAmine (amino acid and glycerin) . The manifestation of these side effects is highly dependent on dose and route of administration as well as on formulation. In general, high concentrations of glycerol (up to 40%) are not hemolytic, provided solution is prepared with isotonic saline. Subcutaneous injection of low doses of glycerol alone, e.g., 3% without other solutes, can cause hemolysis. Much higher doses, up to 20 times that of subcutaneous injection are required to obtain similar effects intravenously. Subcutaneous injection of glycerol at low doses can produce hemoglobinuria. Therefore, there should be frequent monitoring to ensure early detection of infiltrations.

Administration of solutions containing electrolytes should be undertaken with extreme caution in the following circumstances:

1. Solutions containing sodium ions should be used with care in patients with congestive heart failure, renal insufficiency and in clinical states in which there exists edema with sodium retention.
2. Solutions containing potassium ions should be used with care in patients with hyperkalemia, renal insufficiency and in conditions in which potassium retention is present.
3. Solutions containing acetate ions from inorganic salts should be used with care in patients with metabolic or respiratory alkalosis.
4. Solutions containing calcium ions should not be administered through the same administration set as blood because of the likelihood of coagulation.
5. Care should be taken to avoid circulatory overload, particularly in patients with cardiac insufficiency. Blood sugar levels should be monitored frequently in diabetic patients.

Care should be taken to avoid circulatory overload, particularly in patients with cardiac insufficiency. Blood sugar levels should be monitored frequently in diabetic patients.

PRECAUTIONS

General

Safe, effective use of parenteral nutrition requires a knowledge of nutrition as well as clinical expertise in recognition and treatment of complications which can occur. Frequent evaluation and laboratory determinations are necessary for proper monitoring of parenteral nutrition. Peripheral infusion therapy is intended to provide nutritional support for a limited period of time. If a patient requires an extended period of nutritional support, enteral or parenteral regimens should include nonprotein calories adequate for weight maintenance.

The electrolyte pattern of ProcalAmine (amino acid and glycerin) is designed for maintenance only during peripheral infusion therapy in adults. Abnormal losses should be monitored and replaced as required.

During peripheral vein infusion of ProcalAmine (amino acid and glycerin) , care should be taken to assure proper placement of the needle or catheter.

The utilization of hypertonic solutions has been associated with an increased incidence of phlebitis. The incidence of phlebitis with ProcalAmine (amino acid and glycerin) was marginally higher than that observed with a less hypertonic solution. Phlebitis can be minimized by using an in-line filter and/or by changing the site of infusion.

To minimize the risk of possible incompatibilities arising from mixing this solution with other additives that may be prescribed, the final infusate should be inspected for cloudiness or precipitation immediately after mixing, prior to administration, and periodically during administration.

Use only if solution is clear and vacuum is present.

Drug product contains no more than 25 µg/L of aluminum

Laboratory Tests

Frequent clinical evaluation and laboratory determinations are necessary for proper monitoring during administration.

Laboratory tests should include measurement of blood sugar, electrolyte, and serum protein concentrations; kidney and liver function tests; and evaluation of acid-base balance and fluid balance. Other laboratory tests may be suggested by the patient's condition.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

No in vitro or in vivo carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, or fertility studies have been conducted with ProcalAmine® (3% Amino Acid and 3% Glycerin Injection with Electrolytes).

Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects - Pregnancy Category C.

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with ProcalAmine (3% Amino Acid and 3% Glycerin Injection with Electrolytes). It is also not known whether ProcalAmine (amino acid and glycerin) can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. ProcalAmine (amino acid and glycerin) should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed

Labor and Delivery

Information is unknown.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised with ProcalAmine (amino acid and glycerin) if administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness of amino acid injections in pediatric patients have not been established by adequate and well-controlled studies. However, the use of amino acid injections in pediatric patients as an adjunct in the offsetting of nitrogen loss or in the treatment of negative nitrogen balance is well established in the medical literature. See WARNINGS and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION.

Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of ProcalAmine (amino acid and glycerin) did not include sufficient numbers of subjects age 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function. See WARNINGS.

OVERDOSE

In the event of a fluid or solute overload during parenteral therapy, reevaluate the patient's condition and institute appropriate corrective treatment.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Renal failure.

Severe liver disease and hepatic coma.

Metabolic disorders associated with impaired nitrogen utilization.

Hypersensitivity to one or more amino acids.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

ProcalAmine (amino acid and glycerin) provides a physiological ratio of biologically utilizable essential and nonessential amino acids, a nonprotein energy source, and a balanced pattern of maintenance electrolytes.

The amino acids provide substrates for protein synthesis as well as sparing body protein and muscle mass. Glycerin USP (glycerol), a utilizable energy substrate, is also provided which serves to preserve body protein. Glycerol participates as an active energy substrate through its phosphorylation to a-glycerophosphate and subsequent conversion to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, one of the two key trioses in the metabolism of glucose for energy generation.

The metabolism of glycerol has been investigated in both animals and humans. The liver is chiefly responsible for the high potential of glycerol utilization for gluconeogenesis, accounting for at least three-fourths of the total capacity of the body to utilize glycerol. Further, the kidney accounts for up to one-fifth of this total capacity. Among other kinds of cells and tissues shown to utilize glycerol at various rates are the brain, intestine, muscle, leukocytes, lungs and spermatozoa.

In a multicenter clinical study, mildly catabolic post-surgical patients receiving ProcalAmine® (3% Amino Acid and 3% Glycerin Injection with Electrolytes) showed a significant improvement in nitrogen balance when compared with patients receiving isonitrogenous amino acids.

PATIENT INFORMATION

Directions for Use of B. Braun Glass Containers

General

Before use, perform the following checks:

1. Inspect each container. Read the label. Ensure solution is the one ordered and is within the expiration date. Check the security of bail and band.
2. Invert container and carefully inspect the solution in good light for cloudiness, haze, or particulate matter; check the bottle for cracks or other damage. In checking for cracks, do not be confused by normal surface marks and seams on the bottom and sides of the bottle. These are not flaws. Look for bright reflections that have depth and penetrate into the wall of the bottle. Reject any such bottle.
3. To remove the outer closure, lift the tear tab and pull up, over, and down until it is below the stopper (See Figure 1). Use a circular pulling motion on the tab until it breaks away.
4. Grasp and remove the metal disk, exercising caution not to touch the sterile latex disk underneath.
   Warning: Some additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist. When introducing additives, use aseptic techniques. Mix thoroughly. Do not store.
   After admixture and during administration, reinspect the solution frequently. If any evidence of solution contamination or instability is found or if the patient exhibits any signs of fever, chills or other reactions not readily explainable, discontinue administration immediately and notify the physician.
   When adding medication to the container during administration, swab the triangular medication site, inject medication and mix thoroughly by gentle agitation.
5. Refer to Directions for Use for the administration set in use.

Products with Air Tube

1. With the sterile latex disk exposed, check for vacuum by confirming the presence of depressions in the latex disk, which should be held tightly over stopper (See Figure 2). If the latex disk is puffed or depressions cannot be seen, the vacuum has dissipated and the bottle should be rejected. The sterile latex disk provides a surface for aseptic medication addition prior to administration.
   Note: When vacuum is essential for the use of the product (medication addition or transfer, etc.) the latex disk should be left in place until all additions or transfers are completed. Medication addition or transfers should be made immediately after exposing the sterile latex disk. Identify three depressions in the latex disk prior to adding medication (See Figure 2): a triangular medication site, one large round outlet port, and one small air-inletting port.
2. Before removing the latex disk, add medication through the triangular (Δ) medication site (See Figure 3). The vacuum in the container will automatically draw the contents of a syringe or spiked vial into the container. Each addition/transfer will reduce the vacuum remaining in the bottle.
3. Remove the latex disk prior to inserting administration set. To remove the latex disk, grasp the lip of the disk, lift and pull up and away (See Figure 4). As the disk is lifted, and if no additions have been made, vacuum can be confirmed by an audible hiss.
4. Refer to Directions for Use of the set being used. Insert the set spike into the large round outlet port of the stopper and hang container.

Products with Solid Stopper

Designed for use with a vented set.

1. Spiking, additions or transfers should be made immediately after exposing the sterile stopper surface. Check for vacuum at first puncture of stopper. Admixture by needle or syringe should be made through the triangular (Δ) medication site; contents should be drawn by vacuum into the bottle. Admixture by spiked vial should be through the outlet port (See Figure 5). If contents of initial addition are not drawn into the bottle, vacuum is not present and the unit should be discarded. Each addition/transfer will reduce the vacuum remaining in the bottle.
2. If the first puncture of the stopper is the administration set spike, insert the spike fully into the outlet port of the stopper and promptly invert the bottle. Verify vacuum by observing rising air bubbles. Do not use the bottle if vacuum is not present.
3. If admixture or set insertion is not performed immediately following removal of protective metal disk, swab stopper surface