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MYOVIEW
(Kit for the preparation of technetium Tc99m tetrofosmin injection)
MYOVIEW is a kit for the preparation of technetium Tc99m tetrofosmin injection for intravenous use. Technetium Tc 99m tetrofosmin is a radioactive diagnostic agent. Each multiple-dose 10 mL glass vial contains a sterile, non-pyrogenic, lyophilized powder of 0.23 mg tetrofosmin [6,9-bis(2- ethoxyethyl)-3,12-dioxa-6,9-diphosphatetradecane], 0.03 mg stannous chloride dihydrate, (minimum stannous tin 0.015 mg; total stannous and stannic tin 0.0522 mg) 0.32 mg disodium sulphosalicylate, 1 mg sodium D-gluconate, and 1.8 mg sodium hydrogen carbonate. The lyophilized powder is sealed under a nitrogen atmosphere with a rubber closure. The product contains no antimicrobial preservative. The chemical formula of tetrofosmin is C18H40O4P2with the following structural formula:
 |
When sterile, pyrogen-free sodium pertechnetate Tc99m in isotonic saline is added to the vial, a Tc99m complex of tetrofosmin is formed. The reconstituted product is a clear solution and the pH is in the range of 7.5-9.0.
Technetium Tc99m decays by isomeric transition with a physical half-life of 6 hours. Photons that are useful for imaging studies are listed in Table 2.
Table 2 : Principal radiation emission data -
technetium Tc99m
| Radiation | Mean % disintegration | Mean energy (keV) |
| Gamma 2 | 88.5 | 140.5 |
The air-kerma-rate (exposure-rate) constant for technetium Tc99m is 5.23 m²•pGy•(MBq)-1•s-1 [0.795 cm²•R•(mCi)-1•h-1].
A range of values for the relative radiation attenuation by various thicknesses of Pb shielding is shown in Table 3. For example, the use of 3mm thick Pb will decrease the external radiation exposure by a factor of approximately 1000.
Table 3 : Radiation attenuation by lead shielding
| Shield thickness (Pb) mm | Factor of attenuation |
| 0.25 | 0.5 |
| 1 | 10-1 |
| 2 | 10-2 |
| 3 | 10-3 |
| 4 | 10-4 |
| 5 | 10-5 |
To correct for physical decay of this radionuclide, the fractions that remain at selected intervals relative to the time of calibration are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 : Physical decay chart - Tc99m half-life 6 hours
| Hours | Fraction Remaining | Hours | Fraction Remaining |
| *Calibration time (time of preparation) | |||
| 0* | 1.000 | 7 | 0.446 |
| 1 | 0.891 | 8 | 0.397 |
| 2 | 0.794 | 9 | 0.354 |
| 3 | 0.707 | 10 | 0.315 |
| 4 | 0.630 | 11 | 0.281 |
| 5 | 0.562 | 12 | 0.250 |
| 6 | 0.500 | 24 | 0.063 |
Myocardial perfusion imaging under rest and/or exercise or pharmacologic stress conditions to delineate regions of reversible myocardial ischemia or infarcted myocardium in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease.
MYOVIEW is indicated for assessment of left ventricular function (left ventricular ejection fraction and wall motion) in patients with known or suspected heart disease.
Technetium Tc99m tetrofosmin is a radioactive drug and should be handled with appropriate safety measures to minimize radiation exposure during administration [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS). Use waterproof gloves and effective shielding, including syringe shields, when preparing and administering technetium Tc99m tetrofosmin injection.
Obtain the following materials:
Perform the following:
 |
| % Tc99m tetrofosmin = | Activity of Center Piece (B) | X 100 |
| Total Activity of Three Pieces (A+B+C) |
Radiation absorbed dose per unit activity of the agent injected intravenously in an adult of average weight (74 kg) is estimated in Table 1 for exercise and resting conditions. The values listed correspond to a 3.5-hour voiding period for excretion from the urinary bladder.
Table 1 : Estimated Radiation Absorbed Dose
(Technetium Tc99m Tetrofosmin Injection)
| Target organ | Radiation absorbed dose per unit activity injected intravenously | |||
| Exercise | Rest | |||
| rad/mCi | microGy/MBq | rad/mCi | microGy/MBq | |
| Gall bladder wall | 0.10 | 27 | 0.13 | 36 |
| Upper large intestine | 0.074 | 20 | 0.10 | 27 |
| Lower large intestine | 0.055 | 15 | 0.074 | 20 |
| Bladder wall | 0.052 | 14 | 0.063 | 17 |
| Small intestine | 0.041 | 11 | 0.056 | 15 |
| Kidney | 0.037 | 10 | 0.048 | 13 |
| Salivary glands | 0.030 | 8.0 | 0.043 | 12 |
| Ovaries | 0.029 | 7.7 | 0.033 | 8.8 |
| Uterus | 0.026 | 7.0 | 0.029 | 7.8 |
| Bone surface | 0.023 | 6.3 | 0.021 | 5.8 |
| Thyroid | 0.017 | 4.7 | 0.020 | 5.5 |
| Pancreas | 0.019 | 5.0 | 0.018 | 4.9 |
| Heart wall | 0.019 | 5.2 | 0.017 | 4.7 |
| Stomach | 0.017 | 4.6 | 0.017 | 4.5 |
| Adrenals | 0.016 | 4.4 | 0.016 | 4.2 |
| Liver | 0.012 | 3.3 | 0.015 | 4.0 |
| Spleen | 0.015 | 4.1 | 0.014 | 3.9 |
| Red marrow | 0.014 | 3.9 | 0.014 | 3.8 |
| Muscle | 0.013 | 3.5 | 0.012 | 3.3 |
| Testes | 0.013 | 3.4 | 0.011 | 3.1 |
| Thymus | 0.012 | 3.3 | 0.010 | 2.8 |
| Esophagus | 0.012 | 3.3 | 0.010 | 2.8 |
| Lungs | 0.012 | 3.2 | 0.010 | 2.8 |
| Brain | 0.010 | 2.7 | 0.0085 | 2.3 |
| Skin | 0.0081 | 2.2 | 0.0074 | 2.0 |
| Breasts | 0.0085 | 2.3 | 0.0074 | 2.0 |
| Remaining organs | 0.014 | 3.8 | 0.014 | 3.8 |
| Effective dose per unit activity | 0.026 rem/mCi | 6.9 microSv/MBq | 0.030 rem/mCi | 8.0 microSv/MBq |
Kit for the preparation of technetium Tc 99m tetrofosmin injection: 10 mL multiple-dose, clear, glass vial with a white sterile, non-pyrogenic, lyophilized powder of 0.23 mg tetrofosmin, 0.03 mg stannous chloride dihydrate, 0.32 disodium sulphosalicylate, 1 mg sodium D-gluconate and 1.8 mg sodium hydrogen carbonate.
Following reconstitution with the Tc99m eluate, MYOVIEW is a clear solution not exceeding 1110 MBq/mL (30mCi/mL) of Tc99m.
Five (5) multiple-dose kits, each containing a 10 mL glass vial with a sterile, non-pyrogenic, lyophilized powder containing 0.23 mg tetrofosmin, 0.03 mg stannous chloride dihydrate, 0.32 mg disodium sulphosalicylate, 1 mg sodium D-gluconate, 1.8 mg sodium hydrogen carbonate.
NDC 17156-024-05
The radionuclide is not part of the kit. Before reconstitution and radiolabeling with Tc 99m, the contents of the kit are not radioactive.
Store the kit at 2°-8°C (36°-46°F). Protect the kit from light.
This reagent kit is approved for use by persons under license by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or the relevant regulatory authority of an Agreement State; store and dispose of technetium Tc 99m tetrofosmin in accordance with these regulations.
Manufactured by: GE Healthcare AS, Oslo, Norway, Patent No. 5,045,302 (r). Distributed by: GE Healthcare, Medi-Physics, Inc., Arlington Heights, IL 60004. Revised: Apr 2017
The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling:
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of MYOVIEW cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
Adverse reactions were evaluated in clinical studies (using an exercise/rest protocol) of 764 adults (511 men and 253 women) with a mean age of 58.7 years (range 29-94 years). The subjects received a mean dose of 285 MBq (7.7 mCi) on the first injection and 829 MBq (22.4 mCi) on the second injection of MYOVIEW.
After MYOVIEW injection, angina occurred in 4 subjects, ventricular tachycardia in 1 subject, and respiratory arrest in 1 subject.
The following reactions were noted in less than 1% of subjects:
Cardiovascular: angina, hypertension, torsades de pointes.
Gastrointestinal: vomiting, abdominal discomfort.
Hypersensitivity: cutaneous allergy, hypotension, dyspnea.
Special Senses: metallic taste, burning of the mouth, smell alteration.
In four studies, 438 adults (232 men and 205 women: gender was not recorded for one subject) with a mean age of 65 years (range 27-97 years) received a single pharmacologic stress agent. The subjects received a mean dose of 7 - 8 mCi on the rest/first injection and 22 - 34 mCi on the stress/second injection. Among the 438 subjects, 319 subjects (73%) experienced an adverse reaction. Reactions occurring in ≥ 1% of the subjects included angina (39%), flushing (36%), dyspnea (28%), headache (14%), abdominal pain (11%), dizziness (7%), palpitations (2%), nausea (2%), hypotension (1%) and pain (1%). Events occurring in < 1% include cough, arrhythmia, bronchospasm, ECG abnormalities, hypertension, vomiting and asthenia.
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of MYOVIEW. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. The most common adverse reactions reported included: rash, urticaria, abnormal vision, hypersensitivity reactions, and fever.
No information provided.
Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.
Patients evaluated with exercise or pharmacologic stress may experience serious adverse reactions such as myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, hypotension, bronchoconstriction, and cerebrovascular reactions such as headache, paraesthesias, convulsions, somnolence and cerebrovascular accident, including hemorrhage. Perform stress testing in the setting where cardiac resuscitation equipment and trained staff are readily available. When pharmacologic stress is selected as an alternative to exercise, perform the procedure in accordance with the pharmacologic stress agent's prescribing information.
Technetium Tc99m contributes to a patient's overall long-term cumulative radiation exposure. Longterm cumulative radiation exposure is associated with an increased risk of cancer. Ensure safe handling and preparation reconstitution procedures to protect patients and health care workers from unintentional radiation exposure. Encourage adequate hydration; instruct patients to void when the examination is completed and as often thereafter as possible [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis, dyspnea, bronchospasm, throat tightness, coughing, tachycardia, chest pain, hypotension, abdominal pain, and cutaneous reactions (rash, urticaria, pruritus, erythema, and swelling or angioedema) have been observed after the administration of MYOVIEW. Always have cardiopulmonary resuscitation equipment and personnel available and monitor all patients for hypersensitivity reactions.
Studies have not been conducted to evaluate carcinogenic potential or effects on fertility. Tetrofosmin sulphosalicylate was not mutagenic in vitro in the Ames test, mouse lymphoma, or human lymphocyte tests, nor was it clastogenic in vivo in the mouse micronucleus test.
There are no data with technetium Tc 99m tetrafosmin use in pregnant women to inform any drug associated risks. Animal reproduction studies with technetium Tc 99m tetrofosmin have not been conducted. However, all radiopharmaceuticals have the potential to cause fetal harm depending on the fetal stage of development and the magnitude of the radiation dose. If considering technetium Tc 99m tetrafosmin administration to a pregnant woman advise the pregnant woman of risk to the fetus. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.
Technetium Tc99m tetrofosmin is present in human milk in small amounts ( < 1% of maternal dose). There are no data available regarding the effects of technetium Tc 99m tetrofosmin on the breastfed infant or on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for MYOVIEW and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from MYOVIEW or from the underlying maternal condition.
To decrease radiation exposure to the breastfed infant, advise a lactating woman to pump and discard breast milk for 60 hours (10 half lives) after technetium Tc 99m tetrofosmin administration.
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
Of 2300 subjects in clinical studies of MYOVIEW, 1053 (46%) were 65 or older and 270 (12%) were 75 or older. No overall differences in safety were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.
No information provided.
None.
Technetium (99mTc) tetrofosmin is a lipophilic, cationic complex which diffuses passively through the cell membrane and is locally retained actively due to the presence of intact mitochondria reflecting the presence of viable cells. After intravenous injection, it is distributed within the myocardium according to myocardial perfusion and viability.
The relationship between Tc99m tetrofosmin plasma concentrations and successful imaging has not been explored in clinical trials.
Uptake in the myocardium is dependent on coronary flow and reaches a maximum of 1.2% of the injected dose (i.d.) at 5 minutes and 1% of the i.d. at 2 hours, respectively. Background activities in the blood, liver and lung were less than 5% of the administered activity in whole blood at 10 minutes post-injection, less than 4.5% i.d., after 60 minutes, and less than 2% i.d. after 30 minutes.
Approximately 66% of the injected activity is excreted within 48 hours post-injection, with approximately 40% excreted in the urine and 26% in the feces.
A total of 252 subjects with ischemic heart disease or atypical chest pain were studied in two openlabel, multi-center, clinical studies (study a and study b). Of these 252 subjects there were 212 (84%) males and 40 (16%) females with a mean age of 60.5 years (range 33.7 to 82.4 years).
All subjects had exercise and rest planar imaging with MYOVIEW and thallium-201; 191 (76%) subjects also had single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. At peak exercise, maximum heart rate achieved and peak systolic blood pressure were comparable after MYOVIEW and thallium-201 exercise studies. The MYOVIEW and thallium-201 images were separated by a mean of 5.1 days (1-14 days before or 2-14 days after MYOVIEW). For MYOVIEW imaging, each subject received 185-296 MBq (5-8 mCi) Tc99m tetrofosmin at peak exercise and 555-888 MBq (15- 24 mCi) Tc99m tetrofosmin at rest approximately 4 hours later. For thallium-201 imaging, subjects received thallium-201 55.5-74 MBq (1.5-2 mCi) at peak exercise.
The images were evaluated for the quality of the image (excellent, good or poor) and the diagnosis (with scores of 0 = normal, 1 = ischemia, 2 = infarct, 3 = mixed infarct and ischemia). The primary outcome variable was the percentage of correct diagnoses in comparison to the final clinical diagnosis. All planar images were blindly read; SPECT images were evaluated by the unblended investigator. The results for each blinded reader are noted in Table 5.
Table 5 : Overall Diagnostic Outcome
| Diagnosis | Study | Thallium 201 | MYOVIEW | ||
| Reader 1 | Reader 2 | Reader 1 | Reader 2 | ||
| % (95% CI) |
% (95% CI) |
% (95% CI) |
% (95% CI) |
||
| Ischemia | a | 77.7 (68.8, 85.0) |
75.0 (65.9, 82.7) |
66.3 (56.7, 75.1) |
63.6 (53.9, 72.6) |
| b | 75.6 (66.9, 83.0) |
68.9 (59.8, 77.1) |
66.4 (57.2, 74.8) |
66.4 (57.2, 74.8) |
|
| Infarct | a | 75.9 (66.9, 83.5) |
75.0 (65.9, 82.7) |
74.5 (65.4, 82.4) |
75.5 (66.3, 83.2) |
| b | 70.6 (61.5, 78.6) |
69.7 (60.7, 77.8) |
73.1 (64.2, 80.8) |
68.1 (58.9, 76.3) |
|
MYOVIEW imaging after pharmacologic stress was evaluated in two studies in subjects with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Three blinded reads were obtained for 57 subjects (45 male [79%], 12 female [21%]; mean age 60.1 years) all of whom had angiography. Subject level analyses were based on the finding of SPECT myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients with angiographically confirmed disease. Subject level sensitivities for MYOVIEW ranged from 68-83% and subject level specificities ranged from 45-82% across readers and studies.
Two open-label, multicenter, identically designed, blinded image read studies were conducted to assess left ventricular function using MYOVIEW ECG gated SPECT (GSPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging. A total of 329 subjects (216 male [65.7%], 113 female [34.3%]); mean age of 60.4 years) with known or suspected heart disease or requiring ventricular function assessments were dosed with MYOVIEW. Of these, 297 were considered evaluable. MYOVIEW was administered at rest and at peak stress using either a one-day or a 2-day dosing protocol.
For both studies, all subjects' stress GSPECT exams were compared to the reference exam of radionuclide ventriculography with Tc99m labeled RBCs (multiple gated acquisition [MUGA]), performed 1 to 5 days after the second MYOVIEW injection. All subjects' GSPECT exams were assessed by 3 independent blinded readers per study. The MUGA exams were evaluated by an independent consensus panel composed of 3 blinded readers. Subject level assessments were based upon discrimination between normal and abnormal values for LVEF (LVEF ≥ 50% was considered normal) and normal and abnormal wall motion as judged visually. Sensitivity and specificity of LVEF determinations ranged from 81%-88% and 76%-85% respectively across studies and readers. Sensitivity and specificity of wall motion determinations ranged from 80%-92% and 68%-86% respectively across studies and readers.
