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LOREEV XR
(lorazepam) capsule, extended release
WARNING
RISKS FROM CONCOMITANT USE WITH OPIOIDS; ABUSE, MISUSE, AND ADDICTION; and DEPENDENCE AND WITHDRAWAL REACTIONS
LOREEV XR contains lorazepam, a benzodiazepine. Lorazepam is a nearly white crystalline powder and is practically insoluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. It is a 1:1 mixture of (R) and (S) isomers. The chemical name is ±-7-chloro-5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one and its structural formula is:
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LOREEV XR is intended for oral administration. Each capsule contains 1 mg, 2 mg, or 3 mg of lorazepam. The inactive ingredients are colloidal silicon dioxide, corn starch, gelatin, glyceryl monostearate, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, methyl acrylate methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid (7:3:1) copolymer 280000 dispersion, microcrystalline cellulose, polysorbate 80, talc, titanium dioxide, and triethyl citrate. Additionally, the capsule shells contain the following colorants:
1 mg capsules: FD&C Yellow No. 5
2 mg capsules: D&C Yellow No. 10 and FD&C Red No. 3
3 mg capsules: D&C Yellow No. 10, FD&C Blue No. 1, FD&C Yellow No. 6
LOREEV XR is indicated for the treatment of anxiety disorders in adults who are receiving stable, evenly divided, three times daily dosing with lorazepam tablets.
Initiate LOREEV XR in patients who are being treated with lorazepam tablets, administered three times daily in evenly divided doses (refer to the Prescribing Information of lorazepam tablets for the recommended dosage of lorazepam tablets).
Discontinue lorazepam tablets and administer the first dose of LOREEV XR in the morning the day after the final dose of lorazepam tablets.
The recommended once daily dosage of LOREEV XR is equal to the total daily dose of lorazepam tablets. For example, the recommended dosage for patients who have been receiving lorazepam tablets at a dosage of 1 mg three times daily is LOREEV XR 3 mg once daily in the morning.
The effectiveness of LOREEV XR use for more than 4 months has not been assessed in clinical studies. Healthcare providers should periodically re-evaluate longer term use of LOREEV XR.
Administer LOREEV XR orally once daily, in the morning, with or without food. Do not crush or chew LOREEV XR.
Swallow LOREEV XR capsules whole or open the capsule and sprinkle the entire contents over a tablespoon of applesauce, followed by drinking water. Consume all the sprinkled LOREEV XR in its entirety, (without chewing) within 2 hours; do not store for future use.
If the clinical response to LOREEV XR is inadequate and a dosage increase in needed, discontinue LOREEV XR and switch to lorazepam tablets to increase the dosage. If an adequate clinical response is achieved with a stable, evenly divided three times daily dosage of lorazepam tablets, resume LOREEV XR once daily dosing with the total daily dose of lorazepam tablets [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ].
To reduce the risk of withdrawal reactions, use a gradual taper to discontinue LOREEV XR or reduce the dosage. If a patient develops withdrawal reactions, consider pausing the taper or increasing the dosage to the previous tapered dosage level. Subsequently decrease the dosage more slowly [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Drug Abuse And Dependence].
If an UGT inhibitor is initiated during treatment with LOREEV XR, discontinue LOREEV XR and switch to lorazepam tablets to reduce the dosage [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, DRUG INTERACTIONS].
LOREEV XR (lorazepam) extended-release capsules are available as:
1 mg: Hard gelatin capsules with an opaque white body, yellow cap and grey printing ink; “ALM” is printed axially on the yellow cap and “658” is printed axially on the opaque white body
1.5 mg: Hard gelatin capsules with an opaque white body, purple cap and black printing ink; “ALM” is printed axially on the purple cap and “661” is printed axially on the opaque white body
2 mg: Hard gelatin capsules with an opaque white body, orange cap and grey printing ink; “ALM” is printed axially on the orange cap and “663” is printed axially on the opaque white body
3 mg: Hard gelatin capsules with an opaque white body, yellowish-green cap and grey printing ink; “ALM” is printed axially on the yellowish-green cap and “667” is printed axially on the opaque white body
LOREEV XR (lorazepam) extended-release capsules are available as:
1 mg: Hard gelatin capsules with an opaque white body, yellow cap and grey printing ink; “ALM” is printed axially on the yellow cap and “658” is printed axially on the opaque white body.
NDC 52427-658-30, bottle of 30 capsules with child-resistant closure
NDC 52427-658-01, bottle of 100 capsules with child-resistant closure
1.5 mg: Hard gelatin capsules with an opaque white body, purple cap and black printing ink; “ALM” is printed axially on the purple cap and “661” is printed axially on the opaque white body.
NDC 52427-661-30, bottle of 30 capsules with child-resistant closure
NDC 52427-661-01, bottle of 100 capsules with child-resistant closure
2 mg: Hard gelatin capsules with an opaque white body, orange cap and grey printing ink; “ALM” is printed axially on the orange cap and “663” is printed axially on the opaque white body.
NDC 52427-663-30, bottle of 30 capsules with child-resistant closure
NDC 52427-663-01, bottle of 100 capsules with child-resistant closure
3 mg: Hard gelatin capsules with an opaque white body, yellowish-green cap and grey printing ink; “ALM” is printed axially on the yellowish-green cap and “667” is printed axially on the opaque white body.
NDC 52427-667-30, bottle of 30 capsules with child-resistant closure
NDC 52427-667-01, bottle of 100 capsules with child-resistant closure
Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Keep bottles tightly closed. Dispense in a tight container.
Distributed by: Almatica Pharma LLC Morristown, NJ 07960 USA. Revised: Jan 2023
The following serious adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling:
The safety of LOREEV XR in adults is based on studies with lorazepam tablets. The following adverse reactions associated with the use of lorazepam tablets were identified in clinical studies or postmarketing reports. Because some of these reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
In a sample of approximately 3,500 patients treated for anxiety, the most frequent adverse reactions to lorazepam tablets were sedation (15.9%), dizziness (6.9%), weakness (4.2%), and unsteadiness (3.4%). The incidence of sedation and unsteadiness increased with age.
The following reported adverse reactions are categorized by System Organ Class (SOC):
Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: agranulocytosis, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia
Endocrine Disorders: syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
Eye Disorder: eye function/visual disturbance (including diplopia and blurred vision)
Gastrointestinal Disorder: constipation, gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: asthenia, fatigue, hypothermia
Hepatobiliary Disorders: jaundice
Immune System Disorders: anaphylactoid reactions, hypersensitivity reactions
Investigations: increase in bilirubin, increase in liver transaminases (including elevated LDH), increase in alkaline phosphatase
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: change in appetite, hyponatremia
Nervous System Disorders: ataxia, autonomic manifestations, coma, convulsions/seizures, drowsiness, dysarthria/slurred speech, extrapyramidal symptoms, headache, tremor, vertigo, memory impairment
Psychiatric Disorders: amnesia, change in libido, confusion, decreased orgasm, depression, disinhibition, disorientation, euphoria, suicidal ideation/attempt, unmasking of depression
Reproductive System and Breast Disorders: impotence
Respiratory Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: apnea, respiratory depression, worsening of obstructive pulmonary disease, worsening of sleep apnea
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorder: allergic skin reactions, alopecia, dermatological symptoms
Paradoxical reactions, including anxiety, excitation, agitation, hostility, aggression, rage, sleep disturbances/insomnia, sexual arousal, and hallucinations may occur.
Small decreases in blood pressure and hypotension have been reported with immediate-release lorazepam.
Many adverse reactions to benzodiazepines, including CNS effects and respiratory depression, are dose dependent, with more severe effects occurring with high doses.
Table 1 presents clinically significant interactions with LOREEV XR.
Table 1: Clinically Significant Drug Interactions with LOREEV XR.
| Opioids | |
| Clinical Impact | The concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids increases the risk of respiratory depression because of actions at different receptor sites in the CNS that control respiration. Benzodiazepines interact at gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) sites and opioids interact primarily at mu receptors. When benzodiazepines and opioids are combined, the potential for benzodiazepines to significantly worsen opioid-related respiratory depression exists [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. |
| Intervention | Limit dosage and duration of concomitant use of LOREEV XR and opioids, and monitor patients closely for respiratory depression and sedation. |
| Alcohol | |
| Clinical Impact | Based on an in vitro study, alcohol increases the release rate of LOREEV XR [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. |
| Intervention | Avoid concomitant use of alcohol during treatment with LOREEV XR [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. |
| CNS-Depressants | |
| Clinical Impact | Benzodiazepines, including LOREEV XR, increase CNS-depressant effects when administered with other CNS depressants. Concomitant use of clozapine and LOREEV XR may produce marked sedation, excessive salivation, hypotension, ataxia, delirium, and respiratory arrest. |
| Intervention | Avoid co-administration of alcohol with LOREEV XR. Use caution if LOREEV XR is coadministered with other CNS-depressants [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. |
| Inhibitors of UGT | |
| Clinical Impact | Concomitant use of LOREEV XR with UGT inhibitors may increase lorazepam exposure [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY], which may increase the risk of adverse reactions. |
| Intervention | Avoid initiating an UGT inhibitor during treatment with LOREEV XR. If an UGT inhibitor is initiated, discontinue LOREEV XR and switch to lorazepam tablets [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. |
LOREEV XR contains lorazepam, a Schedule IV controlled substance.
LOREEV XR is a benzodiazepine and a CNS depressant with a potential for abuse and addiction. Abuse is the intentional, non-therapeutic use of a drug, even once, for its desirable psychological or physiological effects. Misuse is the intentional use, for therapeutic purposes, of a drug by an individual in a way other than prescribed by a health care provider or for whom it was not prescribed. Drug addiction is a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that may include a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling drug use (e.g., continuing drug use despite harmful consequences, giving a higher priority to drug use than other activities and obligations), and possible tolerance or physical dependence. Even taking benzodiazepines as prescribed may put patients at risk for abuse and misuse of their medication. Abuse and misuse of benzodiazepines may lead to addiction.
Abuse and misuse of benzodiazepines often (but not always) involve the use of doses greater than the maximum recommended dosage and commonly involve concomitant use of other medications, alcohol, and/or illicit substances, which is associated with an increased frequency of serious adverse outcomes, including respiratory depression, overdose, or death. Benzodiazepines are often sought by individuals who abuse drugs and other substances, and by individuals with addictive disorders [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
The following adverse reactions have occurred with benzodiazepine abuse and/or misuse: abdominal pain, amnesia, anorexia, anxiety, aggression, ataxia, blurred vision, confusion, depression, disinhibition, disorientation, dizziness, euphoria, impaired concentration and memory, indigestion, irritability, muscle pain, slurred speech, tremors, and vertigo.
The following severe adverse reactions have occurred with benzodiazepine abuse and/or misuse: delirium, paranoia, suicidal ideation and behavior, seizures, coma, breathing difficulty, and death. Death is more often associated with polysubstance use (especially benzodiazepines with other CNS depressants such as opioids and alcohol).
LOREEV XR may produce physical dependence from continued therapy. Physical dependence is a state that develops as a result of physiological adaptation in response to repeated drug use, manifested by withdrawal signs and symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or a significant dose reduction of a drug. Abrupt discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction of benzodiazepines or administration of flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist, may precipitate acute withdrawal reactions, including seizures, which can be life-threatening. Patients at an increased risk of withdrawal adverse reactions after benzodiazepine discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction include those who take higher dosages (i.e., higher and/or more frequent doses) and those who have had longer durations of use [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
To reduce the risk of withdrawal reactions, use a gradual taper to discontinue LOREEV XR or reduce the dosage [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Acute Withdrawal Signs And Symptoms
Acute withdrawal signs and symptoms associated with benzodiazepines have included abnormal involuntary movements, anxiety, blurred vision, depersonalization, depression, derealization, dizziness, fatigue, gastrointestinal adverse reactions (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, decreased appetite), headache, hyperacusis, hypertension, irritability, insomnia, memory impairment, muscle pain and stiffness, panic attacks, photophobia, restlessness, tachycardia, and tremor. More severe acute withdrawal signs and symptoms, including life-threatening reactions, have included catatonia, convulsions, delirium tremens, depression, hallucinations, mania, psychosis, seizures and suicidality.
Protracted Withdrawal Syndrome
Protracted withdrawal syndrome associated with benzodiazepines is characterized by anxiety, cognitive impairment, depression, insomnia, formication, motor symptoms (e.g., weakness, tremor, muscle twitches), paresthesia, and tinnitus that persists beyond 4 to 6 weeks after initial benzodiazepine withdrawal. Protracted withdrawal symptoms may last weeks to more than 12 months. As a result, there may be difficulty in differentiating withdrawal symptoms from potential reemergence or continuation of symptoms for which the benzodiazepine was being used.
Tolerance to LOREEV XR may develop from continued therapy. Tolerance is a physiological state characterized by a reduced response to a drug after repeated administration (i.e., a higher dose of a drug is required to produce the same effect that was once obtained at a lower dose). Tolerance to the therapeutic effect of LOREEV XR may develop; however, little tolerance develops to the amnestic reactions and other cognitive impairments caused by benzodiazepines.
Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.
Concomitant use of benzodiazepines, including LOREEV XR, and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Because of these risks, reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate.
Observational studies have demonstrated that concomitant use of opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines increases the risk of drug-related mortality compared to use of opioids alone. If a decision is made to prescribe LOREEV XR concomitantly with opioids, prescribe the lowest effective dosages and minimum durations of concomitant use, and follow patients closely for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation. In patients already receiving an opioid analgesic, prescribe a lower initial dose of LOREEV XR than indicated in the absence of an opioid and titrate based on clinical response. If an opioid is initiated in a patient already taking LOREEV XR, prescribe a lower initial dose of the opioid and titrate based upon clinical response.
Advise both patients and caregivers about the risks of respiratory depression and sedation when LOREEV XR is used with opioids. Advise patients not to drive or operate heavy machinery until the effects of concomitant use with the opioid have been determined [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].
The use of benzodiazepines, including LOREEV XR, exposes users to the risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction, which can lead to overdose or death. Abuse and misuse of benzodiazepines often (but not always) involve the use of doses greater than the maximum recommended dosage and commonly involve concomitant use of other medications, alcohol, and/or illicit substances, which is associated with an increased frequency of serious adverse outcomes, including respiratory depression, overdose, or death [see Drug Abuse And Dependence].
Before prescribing LOREEV XR and throughout treatment, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction (e.g., using a standardized screening tool). Use of LOREEV XR, particularly in patients at elevated risk, necessitates counseling about the risks and proper use of LOREEV XR along with monitoring for signs and symptoms of abuse, misuse, and addiction. Prescribe the lowest effective dosage; avoid or minimize concomitant use of CNS depressants and other substances associated with abuse, misuse, and addiction (e.g., opioid analgesics, stimulants); and advise patients on the proper disposal of unused drug. If a substance use disorder is suspected, evaluate the patient and institute (or refer them for) early treatment, as appropriate.
To reduce the risk of withdrawal reactions, use a gradual taper to discontinue LOREEV XR or reduce the dosage (a patient-specific plan should be used to taper the dose) [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Patients at an increased risk of withdrawal adverse reactions after benzodiazepine discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction include those who take higher dosages, and those who have had longer durations of use.
The continued use of benzodiazepines, including LOREEV XR, may lead to clinically significant physical dependence. Abrupt discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction of LOREEV XR after continued use, or administration of flumazenil (a benzodiazepine antagonist) may precipitate acute withdrawal reactions, which can be life-threatening (e.g., seizures) [see Drug Abuse And Dependence].
In some cases, benzodiazepine users have developed a protracted withdrawal syndrome with withdrawal symptoms lasting weeks to more than 12 months [see Drug Abuse And Dependence].
Benzodiazepines, including LOREEV XR, may produce CNS depression. Caution patients receiving LOREEV XR against engaging in hazardous occupations or activities requiring complete mental alertness such as operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle.
Use of benzodiazepines, including LOREEV XR, both used alone and in combination with other CNS depressants, may lead to potentially fatal respiratory depression. Alcohol should be avoided and other CNS depressant drugs used with caution during treatment with LOREEV XR [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].
LOREEV XR is not recommended for use in patients with a primary depressive disorder or psychosis. Pre-existing depression may emerge or worsen during use of benzodiazepines, including LOREEV XR.
In patients with depression, a possibility for suicide should be borne in mind. Consequently, appropriate precautions (e.g., limiting the total prescription size and increased monitoring for suicidal ideation) should be considered in patients with depression. LOREEV XR should not be used in such patients without adequate antidepressant therapy.
Paradoxical reactions (agitation, irritability, impulsivity, violent behavior, confusion, restlessness, excitement, and talkativeness) have been reported during benzodiazepine use [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Such reactions may be more likely to occur in the elderly [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Discontinue LOREEV XR if the patient experiences these reactions.
LOREEV XR 1 mg capsules contain FD&C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine), which may cause allergic-type reactions (including bronchial asthma) in certain susceptible persons. Although the overall incidence of FD&C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine) sensitivity in the general population is low, it is frequently seen in patients who also have aspirin hypersensitivity [see CONTRAINDICATIONS].
Use of LOREEV XR late in pregnancy can result in sedation (respiratory depression, lethargy, hypotonia) and/or withdrawal symptoms (hyperreflexia, irritability, restlessness, tremors, inconsolable crying, and feeding difficulties) in the neonate [see Use In Specific Populations]. Monitor neonates exposed to LOREEV XR during pregnancy or labor for signs of sedation and monitor neonates exposed to LOREEV XR during pregnancy for signs of withdrawal; manage these neonates accordingly.
In patients with impaired respiratory function, respiratory depression and apnea have been reported with benzodiazepines. Closely monitor patients with impaired respiratory function. If signs and symptoms of respiratory depression or apnea occur, consider discontinuing LOREEV XR.
Leukopenia and elevations of LDH have developed in patients receiving lorazepam tablets [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Periodic blood counts and liver function tests are recommended for patients on long-term therapy.
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide).
Advise patients and caregivers about the risks of potentially fatal respiratory depression and sedation when LOREEV XR is used with opioids and not to use such drugs concomitantly unless supervised by a health care provider. Advise patients not to drive or operate heavy machinery until the effects of concomitant use with the opioid have been determined [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, DRUG INTERACTIONS].
Inform patients that the use of LOREEV XR, even at recommended dosages, exposes users to risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction, which can lead to overdose and death, especially when used in combination with other medications (e.g., opioid analgesics), alcohol, and/or illicit substances. Inform patients about the signs and symptoms of benzodiazepine abuse, misuse, and addiction; to seek medical help if they develop these signs and/or symptoms; and on the proper disposal of unused drug [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Drug Abuse And Dependence].
Inform patients that the continued use of LOREEV XR may lead to clinically significant physical dependence and that abrupt discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction of LOREEV XR may precipitate acute withdrawal reactions, which can be life-threatening. Inform patients that in some cases, patients taking benzodiazepines have developed a protracted withdrawal syndrome with withdrawal symptoms lasting weeks to more than 12 months. Instruct patients that discontinuation or dosage reduction of LOREEV XR may require a slow taper [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Drug Abuse And Dependence].
Advise patients about the risks of CNS depression. Instruct patients to avoid the consumption of alcohol during treatment with LOREEV XR. Advise patients to not drive a car or operate heavy machinery until they know how LOREEV XR affects them [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, DRUG INTERACTIONS].
Advise patients, their families, and caregivers to look for signs of suicidal ideation or worsening depression, and to inform the patient’s healthcare provider immediately [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients to inform their healthcare provider of all medicines they take, including prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins and herbal supplements [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].
Advise patients to take LOREEV XR capsules whole or open the capsule and sprinkle the entire contents over a tablespoon of applesauce, followed by drinking water. Advise patients to consume the mixture immediately, without chewing, within 2 hours; do not store for future use [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Advise pregnant females that use of LOREEV XR late in pregnancy can result in sedation (respiratory depression, lethargy, hypotonia) and/or withdrawal symptoms (hyperreflexia, irritability, restlessness, tremors, inconsolable crying, and feeding difficulties) in newborns [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Use In Specific Populations]. Instruct patients to inform their healthcare provider if they are pregnant.
Advise pregnant women that there is a pregnancy registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to LOREEV XR [see Use In Specific Populations].
Advise patients that breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with LOREEV XR [see Use In Specific Populations].
No evidence of carcinogenic potential emerged in rats during an 18-month study with lorazepam. Mutagenesis No studies regarding mutagenesis have been performed. Impairment of Fertility Animal fertility studies have not been conducted with LOREEV XR.
There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to LOREEV XR during pregnancy. Health care providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the National Pregnancy Registry for Psychiatric Medications at 1-866-961-2388 or by visiting online at https://womensmentalhealth.org/pregnancyregistry.
Neonates born to mothers using benzodiazepines late in pregnancy have been reported to experience symptoms of sedation and/or neonatal withdrawal [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Clinical Considerations]. Available data from published observational studies of pregnant women exposed to benzodiazepines do not report a clear association with benzodiazepines and major birth defects (see Data). In animal studies, administration of lorazepam during the organogenesis period of pregnancy resulted in increased incidences of fetal malformations at doses greater than those used clinically. Data for benzodiazepines suggest the possibility of increased neuronal cell death and long-term effects on neurobehavioral function based on findings in animals following prenatal or early postnatal exposure at clinically relevant doses (see Data).
The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.
Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions
Benzodiazepines cross the placenta and may produce respiratory depression, hypotonia and sedation in neonates. Monitor neonates exposed to LOREEV XR during pregnancy or labor for signs of sedation, respiratory depression, hypotonia, and feeding problems. Monitor neonates exposed to LOREEV XR during pregnancy for signs of withdrawal. Manage these neonates accordingly [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Human Data
Published data from observational studies on the use of benzodiazepines during pregnancy do not report a clear association with benzodiazepines and major birth defects. Although early studies reported an increased risk of congenital malformations with diazepam and chlordiazepoxide, there was no consistent pattern noted. In addition, the majority of more recent case-control and cohort studies of benzodiazepine use during pregnancy, which were adjusted for confounding exposures to alcohol, tobacco and other medications, have not confirmed these findings.
Animal Data
Reproductive studies in animals were performed in mice, rats, and two strains of rabbits. A low incidence of malformations (reduction of tarsals, tibia, metatarsals, mal-rotated limbs, gastroschisis, malformed skull, and microphthalmia) were seen in drug-treated rabbits without relationship to dosage. Although all of these anomalies were not present in the concurrent control group, they have been reported to occur randomly in historical controls. At doses of 40 mg/kg and higher there was evidence of fetal resorption and increased fetal loss in rabbits which was not seen at lower doses.
In published animal studies, administration of benzodiazepines or other drugs that enhance GABAergic inhibition to neonatal rats has been reported to result in widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain. The window of vulnerability to these changes in rats (postnatal days 0-14) includes a period of brain development that takes place during the third trimester of pregnancy in humans.
Lorazepam is present in breastmilk. There are reports of sedation, poor feeding and poor weight gain in infants exposed to benzodiazepines through breast milk. The effects of lorazepam on milk production are unknown.
Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions, including sedation and withdrawal symptoms in breastfed infants, advise patients that breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with LOREEV XR.
The safety and effectiveness of LOREEV XR has not been established in pediatric patients.
Clinical studies of lorazepam tablets were not adequate to determine whether patients age 65 years and older responded differently than younger patients; however, the incidence of sedation and unsteadiness was observed to increase with age [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Age does not appear to have a significant effect on lorazepam pharmacokinetics [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should start at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. Greater sensitivity (e.g., sedation) of some older individuals cannot be ruled out [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
As with all benzodiazepines, the use of lorazepam, including LOREEV XR, may worsen hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore, LOREEV XR should be used with caution in patients with severe hepatic insufficiency and/or encephalopathy.
Overdosage of benzodiazepines is characterized by central nervous system depression ranging from drowsiness to coma. In mild to moderate cases, symptoms can include drowsiness, confusion, dysarthria, lethargy, hypnotic state, diminished reflexes, ataxia, and hypotonia. Rarely, paradoxical or disinhibitory reactions (including agitation, irritability, impulsivity, violent behavior, confusion, restlessness, excitement, and talkativeness) may occur. In severe overdosage cases, patients may develop respiratory depression and coma. Overdosage of benzodiazepines in combination with other CNS depressants (including alcohol and opioids) may be fatal [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. Markedly abnormal (lowered or elevated) blood pressure, heart rate, or respiratory rate raise the concern that additional drugs and/or alcohol are involved in the overdosage.
In managing benzodiazepine overdosage, employ general supportive measures, including intravenous fluids and airway management. Flumazenil, a specific benzodiazepine receptor antagonist indicated for the complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines in the management of benzodiazepine overdosage, can lead to withdrawal and adverse reactions, including seizures, particularly in the context of mixed overdosage with drugs that increase seizure risk (e.g., tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants) and in patients with long-term benzodiazepine use and physical dependency. The risk of withdrawal seizures with flumazenil use may be increased in patients with epilepsy. Flumazenil is contraindicated in patients who have received a benzodiazepine for control of a potentially life-threatening condition (e.g., status epilepticus). If the decision is made to use flumazenil, it should be used as an adjunct to, not as a substitute for, supportive management of benzodiazepine overdosage. See the flumazenil injection Prescribing Information.
Consider contacting the Poison Help line (1-800-222-1222) or medical toxicologist for additional overdosage management recommendations.
LOREEV XR is contraindicated in patients with:
Lorazepam exerts its effect for the treatment of anxiety disorders through binding to the benzodiazepine site of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors in the brain and enhances GABA-mediated synaptic inhibition.
LOREEV XR pharmacokinetics are dose proportional over the dose range of 1 mg to 3 mg. Steady-state plasma concentrations are typically achieved after 5 days of once-daily administration.
At steady-state, the mean area under concentration curve (AUCTau), the mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax), and the mean minimum plasma concentration (Cmin) of lorazepam following LOREEV XR 3 mg once-daily administration was 694 ng*h/mL, 35 ng/mL and 25 ng/mL, respectively. AUCTau, Cmax, and Cmin of lorazepam from lorazepam tablets following 1 mg, three-times daily administration were 765 ng*h/mL, 41 ng/mL and 29 ng/mL, respectively.
Following a single 3 mg dose of LOREEV XR under fasted conditions, the median time to attain Cmax (Tmax) is 14 hours, with a range of 7 to 24 hours.
Effect Of Food
Administration of LOREEV XR with a high-fat and high calorie meal did not have a significant effect on exposure of LOREEV XR. However, median Tmax of lorazepam delayed by approximately 2 hours.
LOREEV XR administered under fasted conditions after sprinkling the entire contents onto one-tablespoon (15 mL) of applesauce did not significantly affect exposure and Tmax of lorazepam.
Following a single 3 mg dose of LOREEV XR under fasted conditions, the mean apparent volume of distribution is approximately 117 L. At clinically relevant concentrations, lorazepam is approximately 85% bound to plasma proteins.
Oral mean plasma clearance (CL/F) is about 72 mL/min in adults following a single 3 mg dose of LOREEV XR and the mean elimination half-life of lorazepam is approximately 20.2 ± 7.2 hours.
Metabolism
Lorazepam is conjugated at its 3-hydroxy group in the liver into lorazepam glucuronide, which has no demonstratable CNS activity in animals.
Excretion
Lorazepam glucuronide is excreted in the urine.
Studies comparing young and elderly subjects have shown that advancing age does not have a significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of lorazepam tablets. However, a study involving single intravenous doses of 1.5 to 3 mg of lorazepam injection, mean total body clearance of lorazepam decreased by 20% in 15 elderly subjects of 60 to 84 years of age compared to that in 15 younger subjects of 19 to 38 years of age. The clinical significance of the decrease in mean total body clearance of lorazepam injection in geriatric patients is unknown.
No pharmacokinetic studies were conducted with LOREEV XR in patients with hepatic impairment.
No pharmacokinetic studies were conducted with LOREEV XR in patients with renal impairment. Lorazepam is poorly dialyzable. Lorazepam glucuronide, the inactive metabolite, may be highly dialyzable.
Concurrent administration of lorazepam with valproate, an inhibitor of UGT, results in increased plasma concentrations and reduced clearance of lorazepam [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, DRUG INTERACTIONS].
Concurrent administration of lorazepam with probenecid, an inhibitor of UGT, may result in a more rapid onset or prolonged effect of lorazepam due to increased half-life and decreased total clearance [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, DRUG INTERACTIONS].
An in vitro study showed significant increases of lorazepam release from LOREEV XR capsules at 2 hours with approximately 91-95% and 37-42% of the drug release in the presence of 40% and 20% alcohol, respectively [see DRUG INTERACTIONS]. Effects of 5% and 10% alcohol on drug release were not significant at 2 hours. There is no in vivo study conducted for the effect of alcohol on drug exposure.
Esophageal dilation occurred in rats treated with lorazepam for more than one year at 6 mg/kg/day. The no-effect dose was 1.25 mg/kg/day (approximately 1.2 times the maximum recommended human dose of 10 mg/day based on mg/m² body surface area). The effect was reversible only when the treatment was withdrawn within two months of first observation of the phenomenon. The clinical significance of this is unknown.
LOREEV XR
(lor-EEV ECKS-AR)
(lorazepam) extended-release capsules
What is the most important information I should know about LOREEV XR?
LOREEV XR may cause serious side effects, including:
Do not drive or operate heavy machinery until you know how taking LOREEV XR with opioids affects you.
What is LOREEV XR?
LOREEV XR is a prescription medicine used to treat anxiety disorders in adults who are receiving stable, evenly divided, 3 times a day dosing with lorazepam tablets.
Do not take LOREEV XR if you:
Before taking LOREEV XR, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you:
Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
Keep a list of all medicines to show your healthcare provider and pharmacist when you get a new medicine.
LOREEV XR can affect the way other medicines work and other medicines may affect how LOREEV XR works. Taking LOREEV XR with certain other medicines can cause serious side effects.
Do not start or stop other medicines without first talking to your healthcare provider.
How should I take LOREEV XR?
What should I avoid while taking LOREEV XR?
What are the possible side effects of LOREEV XR?
LOREEV XR may cause serious side effects, including:
The most common side effects of LOREEV XR include sedation, dizziness, weakness, unsteadiness. These are not all the possible side effects of LOREEV XR.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
How should I store LOREEV XR?
General information about the safe and effective use of LOREEV XR.
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use LOREEV XR for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give LOREEV XR to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about LOREEV XR that is written for health professionals.
What are the ingredients in LOREEV XR?
Active ingredient: lorazepam
Inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, corn starch, gelatin, glyceryl monostearate, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, methyl acrylate methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid (7:3:1) copolymer 280000 dispersion, microcrystalline cellulose, polysorbate 80, talc, titanium dioxide, and triethyl citrate. Additionally, the capsule shells contain the following colorants:
1 mg capsules: FD&C Yellow No. 5
1.5 mg capsules: FD&C Blue No. 1 and FD&C Red No. 3
2 mg capsules: D&C Yellow No. 10 and FD&C Red No. 3
This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
