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LENVIMA, a kinase inhibitor, is the mesylate salt of lenvatinib. Its chemical name is 4-[3- chloro-4-(N’-cyclopropylureido)phenoxy]-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxamide methanesulfonate. The molecular formula is C21H19ClN4O4 • CH4O3S, and the molecular weight of the mesylate salt is 522.96. The chemical structure of lenvatinib mesylate is:
 |
Lenvatinib mesylate is a white to pale reddish yellow powder. It is slightly soluble in water and practically insoluble in ethanol (dehydrated). The dissociation constant (pKa value) of lenvatinib mesylate is 5.05 at 25°C. The partition coefficient (log P value) is 3.3.
LENVIMA capsules for oral administration contain 4 mg or 10 mg of lenvatinib, equivalent to 4.90 mg or 12.25 mg of lenvatinib mesylate, respectively. Following are inactive ingredients: Calcium Carbonate, USP; Mannitol, USP; Microcrystalline Cellulose, NF; Hydroxypropyl Cellulose, NF; Low-substituted Hydroxypropyl Cellulose, NF; and Talc, USP. The hypromellose capsule shell contains titanium dioxide, ferric oxide yellow, and ferric oxide red. The printing ink contains shellac, black iron oxide, potassium hydroxide, and propylene glycol.
LENVIMA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally recurrent or metastatic, progressive, radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).
LENVIMA, in combination with pembrolizumab, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
LENVIMA, in combination with everolimus, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced RCC following one prior anti-angiogenic therapy.
LENVIMA is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
LENVIMA, in combination with pembrolizumab, is indicated for the treatment of patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma (EC) that is mismatch repair proficient (pMMR), as determined by an FDA-approved test, or not microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), who have disease progression following prior systemic therapy in any setting and are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
For the pMMR/not MSI-H advanced endometrial carcinoma indication, select patients for treatment with LENVIMA in combination with pembrolizumab based on MSI or MMR status in tumor specimens [see Clinical Studies].
Information on FDA-approved tests for patient selection is available at: https://www.fda.gov/CompanionDiagnostics.
An FDA-approved test for the selection of patients who are not MSI-H is not currently available.
The recommended dosage of LENVIMA is 24 mg orally once daily until disease progression or until unacceptable toxicity.
The recommended dosage of LENVIMA is 20 mg orally once daily in combination with pembrolizumab 200 mg administered as an intravenous infusion over 30 minutes every 3 weeks until disease progression or until unacceptable toxicity or up to 2 years. After completing 2 years of combination therapy, LENVIMA may be administered as a single agent until disease progression or until unacceptable toxicity.
Refer to the pembrolizumab prescribing information for other pembrolizumab dosing information.
The recommended dosage of LENVIMA is 18 mg in combination with 5 mg everolimus orally once daily until disease progression or until unacceptable toxicity.
Refer to the everolimus prescribing information for recommended everolimus dosing information.
The recommended dosage of LENVIMA is based on actual body weight:
Take LENVIMA orally once daily until disease progression or until unacceptable toxicity.
The recommended dosage of LENVIMA is 20 mg orally once daily, in combination with pembrolizumab 200 mg administered as an intravenous infusion over 30 minutes every 3 weeks, until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression.
Refer to the pembrolizumab prescribing information for other pembrolizumab dosing information.
Recommendations for LENVIMA dose interruption, reduction and discontinuation for adverse reactions are listed in Table 1. Table 2 lists the recommended dosage reductions of LENVIMA for adverse reactions.
Table 1: Recommended Dosage Modifications for LENVIMA for Adverse Reactions
| Adverse Reaction | Severitya | Dosage Modifications for LENVIMA |
| Hypertension [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] | Grade 3 |
|
| Grade 4 |
|
|
| Cardiac Dysfunction [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] | Grade 3 |
|
| Grade 4 |
|
|
| Arterial Thromboembolic Event [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] | Any Grade |
|
| Hepatotoxicity [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] | Grade 3 or 4 |
|
| Renal Failure or Impairment [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] | Grade 3 or 4 |
|
| Proteinuria [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] | 2 g or greater proteinuria in 24 hours |
|
| Gastrointestinal Perforation [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] | Any Grade |
|
| Fistula Formation [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] | Grade 3 or 4 |
|
| QT Prolongation [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] | Greater than 500 ms or greater than 60 ms increase from baseline |
|
| Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy | Any Grade |
|
| Syndrome [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] |
|
|
| Other Adverse Reactions [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS] | Persistent or intolerable Grade 2 or 3 adverse reaction Grade 4 laboratory abnormality |
|
| Grade 4 adverse reaction |
|
|
| a National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. | ||
Table 2: Recommended Dosage Reductions of LENVIMA for Adverse Reactions
| Indication | First Dosage Reduction To | Second Dosage Reduction To | Third Dosage Reduction To |
| DTC | 20 mg once daily | 14 mg once daily | 10 mg once daily |
| RCC | 14 mg once daily | 10 mg once daily | 8 mg once daily |
| Endometrial Carcinoma | 14 mg once daily | 10 mg once daily | 8 mg once daily |
| HCC | |||
|
8 mg once daily | 4 mg once daily | 4 mg every other day |
|
4 mg once daily | 4 mg every other day | Discontinue |
When administering LENVIMA in combination with pembrolizumab, modify the dosage of one or both drugs as appropriate. Withhold, dose reduce, or discontinue LENVIMA as shown in Table 1. Refer to pembrolizumab prescribing information for additional dose modification information.
When administering LENVIMA in combination with everolimus, withhold or reduce the LENVIMA dose first and then the everolimus dose for adverse reactions of both LENVIMA and everolimus. Refer to the everolimus prescribing information for additional dose modification information.
The recommended dosage of LENVIMA for patients with DTC, RCC, or endometrial carcinoma and severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation using actual body weight) is [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Use In Specific Populations]:
The recommended dosage of LENVIMA for patients with DTC, RCC, or endometrial carcinoma and severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C) is [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Use In Specific Populations]:
Capsule
Suspension
Suspension
If LENVIMA suspension is not used at the time of preparation, LENVIMA suspension may be stored in a refrigerator at 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C) for a maximum of 24 hours in a covered container. If not administered within 24 hours, the suspension should be discarded.
Note: Compatibility has been confirmed for polypropylene syringes and for feeding tubes of at least 5 French diameter (polyvinyl chloride or polyurethane tube) and at least 6 French diameter (silicone tube).
LENVIMA 4 mg capsules are supplied as hard hypromellose capsules with yellowish-red body and yellowish-red cap, marked in black ink with “∈” on the cap and “LENV 4 mg” on the body.
LENVIMA 10 mg capsules are supplied as hard hypromellose capsules with yellow body and yellowish-red cap, marked in black ink with “∈” on the cap and “LENV 10 mg” on the body.
LENVIMA capsules are supplied in cartons of 6 cards. Each card is a 5-day blister card as follows:
NDC 62856-724-30: 24 mg, carton with 6 cards NDC 62856-724-05 (ten 10 mg capsules and five 4 mg capsules per card).
NDC 62856-720-30: 20 mg, carton with 6 cards NDC 62856-720-05 (ten 10 mg capsules per card).
NDC 62856-718-30: 18 mg, carton with 6 cards NDC 62856-718-05 (five 10 mg capsules and ten 4 mg capsules per card).
NDC 62856-714-30: 14 mg, carton with 6 cards NDC 62856-714-05 (five 10 mg capsules and five 4 mg capsules per card).
NDC 62856-712-30: 12 mg, carton with 6 cards NDC 62856-712-05 (fifteen 4 mg capsules per card).
NDC 62856-710-30: 10 mg, carton with 6 cards NDC 62856-710-05 (five 10 mg capsules per card).
NDC 62856-708-30: 8 mg, carton with 6 cards NDC 62856-708-05 (ten 4 mg capsules per card).
NDC 62856-704-30: 4 mg, carton with 6 cards NDC 62856-704-05 (five 4 mg capsules per card).
Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Distributed by: Eisai Inc. Nutley, NJ 07110. Revised: Dec 2024
The following adverse reactions are discussed elsewhere in the labeling:
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The data in the Warnings and Precautions reflect exposure to LENVIMA as a single agent in 261 patients with DTC (SELECT) and 476 patients with HCC (REFLECT), LENVIMA with pembrolizumab in 406 patients with endometrial carcinoma (Study 309), LENVIMA with everolimus in 62 patients with RCC (Study 205), and LENVIMA with pembrolizumab in 352 patients with RCC (CLEAR). Safety data obtained in 1823 patients with advanced solid tumors who received LENVIMA as a single agent across multiple clinical studies was used to further characterize the risks of serious adverse reactions. Among the 1823 patients who received LENVIMA as a single agent, the median age was 61 years (20 to 89 years), the dose range was 0.2 mg to 32 mg daily, and the median duration of exposure was 5.6 months.
The data below reflect exposure to LENVIMA in 1557 patients enrolled in randomized, active-controlled trials (REFLECT; Study 205; CLEAR; Study 309), and a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (SELECT). The median duration of exposure to LENVIMA across these five studies ranged from 6 to 16 months. The demographic and exposure data for each clinical trial population are described in the subsections below.
The safety of LENVIMA was evaluated in SELECT, in which patients with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer were randomized (2:1) to LENVIMA (n=261) or placebo (n=131) [see Clinical Studies]. The median treatment duration was 16.1 months for LENVIMA. Among 261 patients who received LENVIMA, median age was 64 years, 52% were females, 80% were White, 18% were Asian, and 2% were Black; and 4% were Hispanic/Latino.
The most common adverse reactions observed in LENVIMA-treated patients (≥30%) were, in order of decreasing frequency, hypertension, fatigue, diarrhea, arthralgia/myalgia, decreased appetite, decreased weight, nausea, stomatitis, headache, vomiting, proteinuria, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) syndrome, abdominal pain, and dysphonia. The most common serious adverse reactions (at least 2%) were pneumonia (4%), hypertension (3%), and dehydration (3%).
Adverse reactions led to dose reductions in 68% of patients receiving LENVIMA; 18% of patients discontinued LENVIMA for adverse reactions. The most common adverse reactions (at least 10%) resulting in dose reductions of LENVIMA were hypertension (13%), proteinuria (11%), decreased appetite (10%), and diarrhea (10%); the most common adverse reactions (at least 1%) resulting in discontinuation of LENVIMA were hypertension (1%) and asthenia (1%).
Table 3 presents adverse reactions occurring at a higher rate in LENVIMA-treated patients than patients receiving placebo in the double-blind phase of the study.
Table 3: Adverse Reactions Occurring in Patients with a Between-Group Difference of ≥5% in All Grades or ≥2% in Grades 3 and 4 in SELECT (DTC)
| Adverse Reaction | LENVIMA 24 mg N=261 |
Placebo N=131 |
||
| All Grades (%) | Grades 3-4 (%) | All Grades (%) | Grades 3-4 (%) | |
| Vascular | ||||
| Hypertensiona | 73 | 44 | 16 | 4 |
| Hypotension | 9 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Gastrointestinal | ||||
| Diarrhea | 67 | 9 | 17 | 0 |
| Nausea | 47 | 2 | 25 | 1 |
| Stomatitisb | 41 | 5 | 8 | 0 |
| Vomiting | 36 | 2 | 15 | 0 |
| Abdominal painc | 31 | 2 | 11 | 1 |
| Constipation | 29 | 0.4 | 15 | 1 |
| Oral paind | 25 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Dry mouth | 17 | 0.4 | 8 | 0 |
| Dyspepsia | 13 | 0.4 | 4 | 0 |
| General | ||||
| Fatiguee | 67 | 11 | 35 | 4 |
| Edema peripheral | 21 | 0.4 | 8 | 0 |
| Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue | ||||
| Arthralgia/Myalgiaf | 62 | 5 | 28 | 3 |
| Metabolism and Nutrition | ||||
| Decreased appetite | 54 | 7 | 18 | 1 |
| Decreased weight | 51 | 13 | 15 | 1 |
| Dehydration | 9 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Nervous System | ||||
| Headache | 38 | 3 | 11 | 1 |
| Dysgeusia | 18 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Dizziness | 15 | 0.4 | 9 | 0 |
| Renal and Urinary | ||||
| Proteinuria | 34 | 11 | 3 | 0 |
| Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue | ||||
| Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia | 32 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Rashg | 21 | 0.4 | 3 | 0 |
| Alopecia | 12 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Hyperkeratosis | 7 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal | ||||
| Dysphonia | 31 | 1 | 5 | 0 |
| Cough | 24 | 0 | 18 | 0 |
| Epistaxis | 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Psychiatric | ||||
| Insomnia | 12 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Infections | ||||
| Urinary tract infection | 11 | 1 | 5 | 0 |
| Dental and oral infectionsh | 10 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac | ||||
| Electrocardiogram QT prolonged | 9 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| a Includes hypertension, hypertensive crisis, increased blood pressure diastolic, and increased blood pressure b Includes aphthous stomatitis, stomatitis, glossitis, mouth ulceration, and mucosal inflammation c Includes abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain, upper abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness, epigastric discomfort, and gastrointestinal pain d Includes oral pain, glossodynia, and oropharyngeal pain e Includes asthenia, fatigue, and malaise f Includes musculoskeletal pain, back pain, pain in extremity, arthralgia, and myalgia g Includes macular rash, maculo-papular rash, generalized rash, and rash h Includes gingivitis, oral infection, parotitis, pericoronitis, periodontitis, sialoadenitis, tooth abscess, and tooth infection |
||||
Clinically important adverse reactions occurring more frequently in LENVIMA-treated patients than patients receiving placebo, but with an incidence of <5% were pulmonary embolism (3%, including fatal reports vs 2%, respectively) and osteonecrosis of the jaw (0.4% vs 0%, respectively).
Laboratory abnormalities with a difference of ≥2% in Grade 3 – 4 events and at a higher incidence in the LENVIMA arm are presented in Table 4.
Table 4: Laboratory Abnormalities with a Difference of ≥2% in Grade 3 -4 Events and at a Higher Incidence in the LENVIMA Arma, b in SELECT (DTC)
| Laboratory Abnormality | LENVIMA 24 mg Grades 3-4 (%) | Placebo Grades 3-4 (%) |
| Chemistry | ||
| Hypocalcemia | 9 | 2 |
| Hypokalemia | 6 | 1 |
| Increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) | 5 | 0 |
| Increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) | 4 | 0 |
| Increased lipase | 4 | 1 |
| Increased creatinine | 3 | 0 |
| Hematology | ||
| Thrombocytopenia | 2 | 0 |
| a With at least 1 grade increase from baseline b Laboratory Abnormality percentage is based on the number of patients who had both baseline and at least one post baseline laboratory measurement for each parameter. LENVIMA (n = 253 to 258), Placebo (n = 129 to 131) |
||
The following laboratory abnormalities (all Grades) occurred in >5% of LENVIMA-treated patients and at a rate that was two-fold or higher than in patients who received placebo: hypoalbuminemia, increased alkaline phosphatase, hypomagnesemia, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hypercalcemia, hypercholesterolemia, increased serum amylase, and hyperkalemia.
The safety of LENVIMA in combination with pembrolizumab was investigated in CLEAR [see Clinical Studies]. Patients received LENVIMA 20 mg orally once daily in combination with pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks (n=352), or LENVIMA 18 mg orally once daily in combination with everolimus 5 mg orally once daily (n=355), or sunitinib 50 mg orally once daily for 4 weeks then off treatment for 2 weeks (n=340). The median duration of exposure to the combination therapy of LENVIMA and pembrolizumab was 17 months (range: 0.1 to 39).
Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 4.3% of patients receiving LENVIMA in combination with pembrolizumab, including cardio-respiratory arrest (0.9%), sepsis (0.9%), and one case (0.3%) each of arrhythmia, autoimmune hepatitis, dyspnea, hypertensive crisis, increased blood creatinine, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, myasthenic syndrome, myocarditis, nephritis, pneumonitis, ruptured aneurysm and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Serious adverse reactions occurred in 51% of patients receiving LENVIMA and pembrolizumab. Serious adverse reactions in ≥2% of patients were hemorrhagic events (5%), diarrhea (4%), hypertension (3%), myocardial infarction (3%), pneumonitis (3%), vomiting (3%), acute kidney injury (2%), adrenal insufficiency (2%), dyspnea (2%), and pneumonia (2%).
Permanent discontinuation of LENVIMA, pembrolizumab, or both due to an adverse reaction occurred in 37% of patients; 26% LENVIMA only, 29% pembrolizumab only, and 13% both drugs. The most common adverse reactions (≥2%) leading to permanent discontinuation of LENVIMA, pembrolizumab, or both were pneumonitis (3%), myocardial infarction (3%), hepatotoxicity (3%), acute kidney injury (3%), rash (3%), and diarrhea (2%).
Dose interruptions of LENVIMA, pembrolizumab, or both due to an adverse reaction occurred in 78% of patients receiving LENVIMA in combination with pembrolizumab. LENVIMA was interrupted in 73% of patients and both drugs were interrupted in 39% of patients. LENVIMA was dose reduced in 69% of patients. The most common adverse reactions (≥5%) resulting in dose reduction or interruption of LENVIMA were diarrhea (26%), fatigue (18%), hypertension (17%), proteinuria (13%), decreased appetite (12%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (11%), nausea (9%), stomatitis (9%), musculoskeletal pain (8%), rash (8%), increased lipase (7%), abdominal pain (6%), and vomiting (6%), increased ALT (5%), and increased amylase (5%).
Tables 5 and 6 summarize the adverse reactions and laboratory abnormalities, respectively, that occurred in ≥20% of patients treated with LENVIMA and pembrolizumab in CLEAR.
Table 5: Adverse Reactions in ≥20% of Patients on LENVIMA plus Pembrolizumab in CLEAR (RCC)
| Adverse Reactions | LENVIMA 20 mg in combination with Pembrolizumab 200mg N=352 |
Sunitinib 50 mg N=340 |
||
| All Grades (%) | Grade 34 (%) | All Grades (%) | Grade 34 (%) | |
| General | ||||
| Fatiguea | 63 | 9 | 56 | 8 |
| Gastrointestinal | ||||
| Diarrheab | 62 | 10 | 50 | 6 |
| Stomatitisc | 43 | 2 | 43 | 2 |
| Nausea | 36 | 3 | 33 | 1 |
| Abdominal paind | 27 | 2 | 18 | 1 |
| Vomiting | 26 | 3 | 20 | 1 |
| Constipation | 25 | 1 | 19 | 0 |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue | ||||
| Musculoskeletal paine | 58 | 4 | 41 | 3 |
| Endocrine | ||||
| Hypothyroidismf | 57 | 1 | 32 | 0 |
| Vascular | ||||
| Hypertensiong | 56 | 29 | 43 | 20 |
| Hemorrhagic eventsh | 27 | 5 | 26 | 4 |
| Metabolism | ||||
| Decreased appetitei | 41 | 4 | 31 | 1 |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue | ||||
| Rashj | 37 | 5 | 17 | 1 |
| Palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndromek | 29 | 4 | 38 | 4 |
| Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal | ||||
| Dysphonia | 30 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Renal and urinary | ||||
| Proteinuria1 | 30 | 8 | 13 | 3 |
| Acute kidney injurym | 21 | 5 | 16 | 2 |
| Investigations | ||||
| Weight decreased | 30 | 8 | 9 | 0 |
| Hepatobiliary | ||||
| Hepatotoxicityn | 25 | 9 | 21 | 5 |
| Nervous system | ||||
| Headache | 23 | 1 | 16 | 1 |
| a Includes asthenia, fatigue, lethargy and malaise b Includes diarrhea and gastroenteritis c Includes aphthous ulcer, gingival pain, glossitis, glossodynia, mouth ulceration, mucosal inflammation, oral discomfort, oral mucosal blistering, oral pain, oropharyngeal pain, pharyngeal inflammation, and stomatitis d Includes abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, abdominal rigidity, abdominal tenderness, epigastric discomfort, lower abdominal pain, and upper abdominal pain e Includes arthralgia, arthritis, back pain, bone pain, breast pain, musculoskeletal chest pain, musculoskeletal discomfort, musculoskeletal pain, musculoskeletal stiffness, myalgia, neck pain, non-cardiac chest pain, pain in extremity, and pain in jaw f Includes hypothyroidism, increased blood thyroid stimulating hormone and secondary hypothyroidism g Includes essential hypertension, increased blood pressure, increased diastolic blood pressure, hypertension, hypertensive crisis, hypertensive retinopathy, and labile blood pressure h Includes all hemorrhage terms. Hemorrhage terms that occurred in 1 or more subjects in either treatment group include: Anal hemorrhage, aneurysm ruptured, blood blister, blood loss anemia, blood urine present, catheter site hematoma, cerebral microhemorrhage, conjunctival hemorrhage, contusion, diarrhea hemorrhagic, disseminated intravascular coagulation, ecchymosis, epistaxis, eye hemorrhage, gastric hemorrhage, gastritis hemorrhagic, gingival bleeding, hemorrhage urinary tract, hemothorax, hematemesis , hematoma , hematochezia, hematuria, hemoptysis, hemorrhoidal hemorrhage , increased tendency to bruise, injection site hematoma, injection site hemorrhage, intra-abdominal hemorrhage, lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, melaena, petechiae, rectal hemorrhage, renal hemorrhage, retroperitoneal hemorrhage, small intestinal hemorrhage, splinter hemorrhages, subcutaneous hematoma, subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, tumor hemorrhage, traumatic hematoma, and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage i Includes decreased appetite and early satiety j Includes genital rash, infusion site rash, penile rash, perineal rash, rash, rash erythematous, rash macular, rash maculo-papular, rash papular, rash pruritic, and rash pustular k Includes palmar erythema, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome and plantar erythema l Includes hemoglobinuria, nephrotic syndrome, and proteinuria m Includes acute kidney injury, azotaemia, blood creatinine increased, creatinine renal clearance decreased, hypercreatininaemia, renal failure, renal impairment, oliguria, glomerular filtration rate decreased, and nephropathy toxic n Includes alanine aminotransferase increased, aspartate aminotransferase increased, blood bilirubin increased, drug-induced liver injury, hepatic enzyme increased, hepatic failure, hepatic function abnormal, hepatocellular injury, hepatotoxicity, hyperbilirubinemia, hypertransaminasemia, immune-mediated hepatitis, liver function test increased, liver injury, transaminases increased, and gammaglutamyltransferase increased |
||||
Clinically relevant adverse reactions (<20%) that occurred in patients receiving LENVIMA/pembrolizumab were myocardial infarction (3%) and angina pectoris (1%).
Table 6: Laboratory Abnormalities in ≥20% (All Grades) of Patients on LENVIMA plus Pembrolizumab in CLEAR (RCC)
| Laboratory Abnormalitya | LENVIMA 20 mg in combination with Pembrolizumab 200 mg | Sunitinib 50 mg | ||
| All Grades %b | Grades 3-4 %b | All Grades %b | Grade 3-4 %b | |
| Chemistry | ||||
| Hypertriglyceridemia | 80 | 15 | 71 | 15 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 64 | 5 | 43 | 1 |
| Increased lipase | 61 | 34 | 59 | 28 |
| Increased creatinine | 61 | 5 | 61 | 2 |
| Increased amylase | 59 | 17 | 41 | 9 |
| Increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) | 58 | 7 | 57 | 3 |
| Hyperglycemia | 55 | 7 | 48 | 3 |
| Increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) | 52 | 7 | 49 | 4 |
| Hyperkalemia | 44 | 9 | 28 | 6 |
| Hypoglycemia | 44 | 2 | 27 | 1 |
| Hyponatremia | 41 | 12 | 28 | 9 |
| Decreased albumin | 34 | 0.3 | 22 | 0 |
| Increased alkaline phosphatase | 32 | 4 | 32 | 1 |
| Hypocalcemia | 30 | 2 | 22 | 1 |
| Hypophosphatemia | 29 | 7 | 50 | 8 |
| Hypomagnesemia | 25 | 2 | 15 | 3 |
| Increased creatine phosphokinase | 24 | 6 | 36 | 5 |
| Hypermagnesemia | 23 | 2 | 22 | 3 |
| Hypercalcemia | 21 | 1 | 11 | 1 |
| Hematology | ||||
| Lymphopenia | 54 | 9 | 66 | 15 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 39 | 2 | 73 | 13 |
| Anemia | 38 | 3 | 66 | 8 |
| Leukopenia | 34 | 1 | 77 | 8 |
| Neutropenia | 31 | 4 | 72 | 16 |
| a With at least 1 grade increase from baseline b Laboratory abnormality percentage is based on the number of patients who had both baseline and at least one post baseline laboratory measurement for each parameter. LENVIMA/pembrolizumab (n= 343 to 349) and sunitinib (n= 329 to 335). |
||||
Grade 3 and 4 increased ALT or AST was seen in 9% of patients. Grade ≥2 increased ALT or AST was reported in 64 (18%) patients, of whom 20 (31%) received ≥40 mg daily oral prednisone equivalent. Recurrence of Grade ≥2 increased ALT or AST was observed in 3 patients on rechallenge in patients receiving LENVIMA and 10 patients receiving both LENVIMA and pembrolizumab.
The safety of LENVIMA was evaluated in Study 205, in which patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were randomized (1:1:1) to LENVIMA 18 mg orally once daily with everolimus 5 mg orally once daily (n=51), LENVIMA 24 mg orally once daily (n=52), or everolimus 10 mg orally once daily (n=50) [see Clinical Studies]. This data also includes patients on the dose escalation portion of the study who received LENVIMA with everolimus (n=11). The median treatment duration was 8.1 months for LENVIMA with everolimus. Among 62 patients who received LENVIMA with everolimus, the median age was 61 years, 71% were men, and 98% were White.
The most common adverse reactions observed in the LENVIMA with everolimus-treated group (≥30%) were, in order of decreasing frequency, diarrhea, fatigue, arthralgia/myalgia, decreased appetite, vomiting, nausea, stomatitis/oral inflammation, hypertension, peripheral edema, cough, abdominal pain, dyspnea, rash, decreased weight, hemorrhagic events, and proteinuria. The most common serious adverse reactions (≥5%) were renal failure (11%), dehydration (10%), anemia (6%), thrombocytopenia (5%), diarrhea (5%), vomiting (5%), and dyspnea (5%).
Adverse reactions led to dose reductions or interruption in 89% of patients receiving LENVIMA with everolimus. The most common adverse reactions (≥5%) resulting in dose reductions in the LENVIMA with everolimus-treated group were diarrhea (21%), fatigue (8%), thrombocytopenia (6%), vomiting (6%), nausea (5%), and proteinuria (5%).
Treatment discontinuation due to an adverse reaction occurred in 29% of patients in the LENVIMA with everolimus-treated group.
Table 7 presents the adverse reactions in >15% of patients in the LENVIMA with everolimus arm. Study 205 was not designed to demonstrate a statistically significant difference in adverse reaction rates for LENVIMA in combination with everolimus, as compared to everolimus for any specific adverse reaction listed in Table 7.
Table 7: Adverse Reactions Occurring in >15% of Patients in the LENVIMA with Everolimus Arm in Study 205 (RCC)
| Adverse Reactions | LENVIMA 18 mg with Everolimus 5 mg N=62 |
Everolimus 10 mg N=50 |
||
| Grade 1-4 (%) | Grade 3-4 (%) | Grade 1-4 (%) | Grade 3-4 (%) | |
| Endocrine | ||||
| Hypothyroidism | 24 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Gastrointestinal | ||||
| Diarrhea | 81 | 19 | 34 | 2 |
| Vomiting | 48 | 7 | 12 | 0 |
| Nausea | 45 | 5 | 16 | 0 |
| Stomatitis/Oral inflammationa | 44 | 2 | 50 | 4 |
| Abdominal painb | 37 | 3 | 8 | 0 |
| Oral painc | 23 | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| Dyspepsia/Gastro-esophageal reflux | 21 | 0 | 12 | 0 |
| Constipation | 16 | 0 | 18 | 0 |
| General | ||||
| Fatigued | 73 | 18 | 40 | 2 |
| Peripheral edema | 42 | 2 | 20 | 0 |
| Pyrexia/Increased body temperature | 21 | 2 | 10 | 2 |
| Metabolism and Nutrition | ||||
| Decreased appetite | 53 | 5 | 18 | 0 |
| Decreased weight | 34 | 3 | 8 | 0 |
| Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue | ||||
| Arthralgia/Myalgiae | 55 | 5 | 32 | 0 |
| Musculoskeletal chest pain | 18 | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| Nervous System | ||||
| Headache | 19 | 2 | 10 | 2 |
| Psychiatric | ||||
| Insomnia | 16 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Renal and Urinary | ||||
| Proteinuria/Urine protein present | 31 | 8 | 14 | 2 |
| Renal failure eventf | 18 | 10 | 12 | 2 |
| Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal | ||||
| Cough | 37 | 0 | 30 | 0 |
| Dyspnea/Exertional dyspnea | 35 | 5 | 28 | 8 |
| Dysphonia | 18 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue | ||||
| Rashg | 35 | 0 | 40 | 0 |
| Vascular | ||||
| Hypertension/Increased blood pressure | 42 | 13 | 10 | 2 |
| Hemorrhagic eventsh | 32 | 6 | 26 | 2 |
| a Includes aphthous stomatitis, gingival inflammation, glossitis, and mouth ulceration b Includes abdominal discomfort, gastrointestinal pain, lower abdominal pain, and upper abdominal pain c Includes gingival pain, glossodynia, and oropharyngeal pain d Includes asthenia, fatigue, lethargy and malaise e Includes arthralgia, back pain, extremity pain, musculoskeletal pain, and myalgia f Includes blood creatinine increased, blood urea increased, creatinine renal clearance decreased, nephropathy toxic, renal failure, renal failure acute, and renal impairment g Includes erythema, erythematous rash, genital rash, macular rash, maculo-papular rash, papular rash, pruritic rash, pustular rash, and septic rash h Includes hemorrhagic diarrhea, epistaxis, gastric hemorrhage, hemarthrosis, hematoma, hematuria, hemoptysis, lip hemorrhage, renal hematoma, and scrotal hematocele |
||||
In Table 8, Grade 3-4 laboratory abnormalities occurring in ≥3% of patients in the LENVIMA with everolimus arm are presented.
Table 8: Grade 3-4 Laboratory Abnormalities Occurring in ≥3% of Patients in the LENVIMA with Everolimus Arma,b in Study 205 (RCC)
| Laboratory Abnormality | LENVIMA 18 mg with Everolimus 5 mg Grades 3-4 (%) | Everolimus 10 mg Grades 3-4 (%) |
| Chemistry | ||
| Hypertriglyceridemia | 18 | 18 |
| Increased lipase | 13 | 12 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 11 | 0 |
| Hyponatremia | 11 | 6 |
| Hypophosphatemia | 11 | 6 |
| Hyperkalemia | 6 | 2 |
| Hypocalcemia | 6 | 2 |
| Hypokalemia | 6 | 2 |
| Increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) | 3 | 0 |
| Increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) | 3 | 2 |
| Increased alkaline phosphatase | 3 | 0 |
| Hyperglycemia | 3 | 16 |
| Increased creatine kinase | 3 | 4 |
| Hematology | ||
| Lymphopenia | 10 | 20 |
| Anemia | 8 | 16 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 5 | 0 |
| a With at least 1 grade increase from baseline b Laboratory Abnormality percentage is based on the number of patients who had both baseline and at least one post baseline laboratory measurement for each parameter. LENVIMA with Everolimus (n = 62), Everolimus (n = 50). |
||
The safety of LENVIMA was evaluated in REFLECT, which randomized (1:1) patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to LENVIMA (n=476) or sorafenib (n=475) [see Clinical Studies]. The dose of LENVIMA was 12 mg orally once daily for patients with a baseline body weight of ≥60 kg and 8 mg orally once daily for patients with a baseline body weight of <60 kg. The dose of sorafenib was 400 mg orally twice daily. Duration of treatment was ≥6 months in 49% and 32% of patients in the LENVIMA and sorafenib groups, respectively. Among the 476 patients who received LENVIMA in REFLECT, the median age was 63 years, 85% were men, 28% were White and 70% were Asian.
The most common adverse reactions observed in the LENVIMA-treated patients (≥20%) were, in order of decreasing frequency, hypertension, fatigue, diarrhea, decreased appetite, arthralgia/myalgia, decreased weight, abdominal pain, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, proteinuria, dysphonia, hemorrhagic events, hypothyroidism, and nausea.
The most common serious adverse reactions (≥2%) in LENVIMA-treated patients were hepatic encephalopathy (5%), hepatic failure (3%), ascites (3%), and decreased appetite (2%).
Adverse reactions led to dose reduction or interruption in 62% of patients receiving LENVIMA. The most common adverse reactions (≥5%) resulting in dose reduction or interruption of LENVIMA were fatigue (9%), decreased appetite (8%), diarrhea (8%), proteinuria (7%), hypertension (6%), and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (5%).
Treatment discontinuation due to adverse reactions occurred in 20% of patients in the LENVIMA-treated group. The most common adverse reactions (≥1%) resulting in discontinuation of LENVIMA were fatigue (1%), hepatic encephalopathy (2%), hyperbilirubinemia (1%), and hepatic failure (1%).
Table 9 summarizes the adverse reactions that occurred in ≥10% of patients receiving LENVIMA in REFLECT. REFLECT was not designed to demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in adverse reaction rates for LENVIMA, as compared to sorafenib, for any specified adverse reaction listed in Table 9.
Table 9: Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥10% of Patients in the LENVIMA Arm in REFLECT (HCC)
| Adverse Reaction | LENVIMA 8 mg/12 mg N=476 |
Sorafenib 800 mg N=475 |
||
| Grade 1-4 (%) | Grade 3-4 (%) | Grade 1-4 (%) | Grade 3-4 (%) | |
| Endocrine | ||||
| Hypothyroidisma | 21 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Gastrointestinal | ||||
| Diarrhea | 39 | 4 | 46 | 4 |
| Abdominal painb | 30 | 3 | 28 | 4 |
| Nausea | 20 | 1 | 14 | 1 |
| Vomiting | 16 | 1 | 8 | 1 |
| Constipation | 16 | 1 | 11 | 0 |
| Ascitesc | 15 | 4 | 11 | 3 |
| Stomatitisd | 11 | 0.4 | 14 | 1 |
| General | ||||
| Fatiguee | 44 | 7 | 36 | 6 |
| Pyrexiaf | 15 | 0 | 14 | 0.2 |
| Peripheral edema | 14 | 1 | 7 | 0.2 |
| Metabolism and Nutrition | ||||
| Decreased appetite | 34 | 5 | 27 | 1 |
| Decreased weight | 31 | 8 | 22 | 3 |
| Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue | ||||
| Arthralgia/Myalgiag | 31 | 1 | 20 | 2 |
| Nervous System | ||||
| Headache | 10 | 1 | 8 | 0 |
| Renal and Urinary | ||||
| Proteinuriah | 26 | 6 | 12 | 2 |
| Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal | ||||
| Dysphonia | 24 | 0.2 | 12 | 0 |
| Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue | ||||
| Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome | 27 | 3 | 52 | 11 |
| Rashi | 14 | 0 | 24 | 2 |
| Vascular | ||||
| Hypertensionh | 45 | 24 | 31 | 15 |
| Hemorrhagic eventsk | 23 | 4 | 15 | 4 |
| a Includes hypothyroidism, blood thyroid stimulating hormone increased. b Includes abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness, epigastric discomfort, gastrointestinal pain, lower abdominal pain, and upper abdominal pain c Includes ascites and malignant ascites d Includes aphthous ulcer, gingival erosion, gingival ulceration, glossitis, mouth ulceration, oral mucosal blistering, and stomatitis e Includes asthenia, fatigue, lethargy and malaise f Includes increased body temperature, pyrexia g Includes arthralgia, back pain, extremity pain, musculoskeletal chest pain, musculoskeletal discomfort, musculoskeletal pain, and myalgia h Includes proteinuria, increased urine protein, protein urine present i Includes erythema, erythematous rash, exfoliative rash, genital rash, macular rash, maculo-papular rash, papular rash, pruritic rash, pustular rash and rash j Includes increased diastolic blood pressure, increased blood pressure, hypertension and orthostatic hypertension k Includes all hemorrhage terms. Hemorrhage terms that occurred in 5 or more subjects in either treatment group include: epistaxis, hematuria, gingival bleeding, hemoptysis, esophageal varices hemorrhage, hemorrhoidal hemorrhage, mouth hemorrhage, rectal hemorrhage and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage |
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In Table 10, Grade 3-4 laboratory abnormalities occurring in ≥2% of patients in the LENVIMA arm in REFLECT (HCC) are presented.
Table 10: Grade 3-4 Laboratory Abnormalities Occurring in ≥2% of Patients in the LENVIMA Arma,b in REFLECT (HCC)
| Laboratory Abnormality | LENVIMA (%) | Sorafenib (%) |
| Chemistry | ||
| Increased GGT | 17 | 20 |
| Hyponatremia | 15 | 9 |
| Hyperbilirubinemia | 13 | 10 |
| Increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) | 12 | 18 |
| Increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) | 8 | 9 |
| Increased alkaline phosphatase | 7 | 5 |
| Increased lipase | 6 | 17 |
| Hypokalemia | 3 | 4 |
| Hyperkalemia | 3 | 2 |
| Decreased albumin | 3 | 1 |
| Increased creatinine | 2 | 2 |
| Hematology | ||
| Thrombocytopenia | 10 | 8 |
| Lymphopenia | 8 | 9 |
| Neutropenia | 7 | 3 |
| Anemia | 4 | 5 |
| a With at least 1 grade increase from baseline b Laboratory Abnormality percentage is based on the number of patients who had both baseline and at least one post baseline laboratory measurement for each parameter. LENVIMA (n=278 to 470) and sorafenib (n=260 to 473) |
||
The safety of LENVIMA in combination with pembrolizumab was investigated in Study 309, a multicenter, open-label, randomized (1:1), active-controlled trial in patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma previously treated with at least one prior platinum-based chemotherapy regimen in any setting, including in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings [see Clinical Studies]. Patients with endometrial carcinoma that are pMMR or not MSI-H received LENVIMA 20 mg orally once daily with pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks (n=342); or received doxorubicin or paclitaxel (n= 325).
For patients with pMMR or not MSI-H status, the median duration of study treatment was 7.2 months (range 1 day to 26.8 months) and the median duration of exposure to LENVIMA was 6.7 months (range: 1 day to 26.8 months).
Fatal adverse reactions among these patients occurred in 4.7% of those treated with LENVIMA and pembrolizumab, including 2 cases of pneumonia, and 1 case of the following: acute kidney injury, acute myocardial infarction, colitis, decreased appetite, intestinal perforation, lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, malignant gastrointestinal obstruction, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, myelodysplastic syndrome, pulmonary embolism, and right ventricular dysfunction.
Serious adverse reactions occurred in 50% of these patients receiving LENVIMA and pembrolizumab. Serious adverse reactions with frequency ≥3% were hypertension (4.4%), and urinary tract infection (3.2%).
Discontinuation of LENVIMA due to an adverse reaction occurred in 26% of these patients. The most common (≥1 %) adverse reactions leading to discontinuation of LENVIMA were hypertension (2%), asthenia (1.8%), diarrhea (1.2%), decreased appetite (1.2%), proteinuria (1.2%), and vomiting (1.2%).
Dose reductions of LENVIMA due to adverse reactions occurred in 67% of patients. The most common (≥5%) adverse reactions resulting in dose reduction of LENVIMA were hypertension (18%), diarrhea (11%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (9%), proteinuria (7%), fatigue (7%), decreased appetite (6%), asthenia (5%), and weight decreased (5%).
Dose interruptions of LENVIMA due to an adverse reaction occurred in 58% of these patients. The most common (≥2%) adverse reactions leading to interruption of LENVIMA were hypertension (11%), diarrhea (11%), proteinuria (6%), decreased appetite (5%), vomiting (5%), increased alanine aminotransferase (3.5%), fatigue (3.5%), nausea (3.5%), abdominal pain (2.9%), weight decreased (2.6%), urinary tract infection (2.6%), increased aspartate aminotransferase (2.3%), asthenia (2.3%), and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (2%).
Tables 11 and 12 summarize adverse reactions and laboratory abnormalities, respectively, in patients receiving LENVIMA in Study 309.
Table 11: Adverse Reactions in ≥20% of Patients Receiving LENVIMA plus Pembrolizumab in Study 309 (EC)
| Adverse Reaction | Endometrial Carcinoma (pMMR or not MSI-H) | |||
| LENVIMA 20 mg in combination with Pembrolizumab 200 mg N=342 |
Doxorubicin or Paclitaxel N=325 |
|||
| All Gradesa (%) | Grades 3-4 (%) | All Gradesa (%) | Grades 3-4 (%) | |
| Endocrine | ||||
| Hypothyroidismb | 67 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0 |
| Vascular | ||||
| Hypertensionc | 67 | 39 | 6 | 2.5 |
| Hemorrhagic eventsd | 25 | 2.6 | 15 | 0.9 |
| General | ||||
| Fatiguee | 58 | 11 | 54 | 6 |
| Gastrointestinal | ||||
| Diarrheaf | 55 | 8 | 20 | 2.8 |
| Nausea | 49 | 2.9 | 47 | 1.5 |
| Vomiting | 37 | 2.3 | 21 | 2.2 |
| Stomatitisg | 35 | 2.6 | 26 | 1.2 |
| Abdominal painh | 34 | 2.6 | 21 | 1.2 |
| Constipation | 27 | 0 | 25 | 0.6 |
| Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue | ||||
| Musculoskeletal disordersi | 53 | 5 | 27 | 0.6 |
| Metabolism | ||||
| Decreased appetitej | 44 | 7 | 21 | 0 |
| Investigations | ||||
| Decreased weight | 34 | 10 | 6 | 0.3 |
| Renal and Urinary | ||||
| Proteinuriak | 29 | 6 | 3.4 | 0.3 |
| Infections | ||||
| Urinary tract infectionl | 31 | 5 | 13 | 1.2 |
| Nervous System | ||||
| Headache | 26 | 0.6 | 9 | 0.3 |
| Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal | ||||
| Dysphonia | 22 | 0 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue | ||||
| Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesiam | 23 | 2.9 | 0.9 | 0 |
| Rashn | 20 | 2.3 | 4.9 | 0 |
| a Graded per NCI CTCAE v4.03 b Includes hypothyroidism, blood thyroid stimulating hormone increased, thyroiditis, primary hypothyroidism, and secondary hypothyroidism c Includes hypertension, blood pressure increased, hypertensive crisis, secondary hypertension, blood pressure abnormal, hypertensive encephalopathy, and blood pressure fluctuation d Includes epistaxis, vaginal hemorrhage, hematuria, gingival bleeding, metrorrhagia, rectal hemorrhage, contusion, hematochezia, cerebral hemorrhage, conjunctival hemorrhage, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hemoptysis, hemorrhage urinary tract, lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, mouth hemorrhage, petechiae, uterine hemorrhage, anal hemorrhage, blood blister, eye hemorrhage, hematoma, hemorrhage intracranial, hemorrhagic stroke, injection site hemorrhage, melena, purpura, stoma site hemorrhage, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, wound hemorrhage, blood urine present, coital bleeding, ecchymosis, hematemesis, hemorrhage subcutaneous, hepatic hematoma, injection site bruising, intestinal hemorrhage, laryngeal hemorrhage, pulmonary hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, umbilical hemorrhage, and vessel puncture site bruise e Includes fatigue, asthenia, malaise, and lethargy f Includes diarrhea and gastroenteritis g Includes stomatitis, mucosal inflammation, oropharyngeal pain, aphthous ulcer, mouth ulceration, cheilitis, oral mucosal erythema, and tongue ulceration h Includes abdominal pain, abdominal pain upper, abdominal pain lower, abdominal discomfort, gastrointestinal pain, abdominal tenderness, and epigastric discomfort i Includes arthralgia, myalgia, back pain, pain in extremity, bone pain, neck pain, musculoskeletal pain, arthritis, musculoskeletal chest pain, musculoskeletal stiffness, non-cardiac chest pain, pain in jaw j Includes decreased appetite and early satiety k Includes proteinuria, protein urine present, hemoglobinuria l Includes urinary tract infection, cystitis, and pyelonephritis m Includes palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, palmar erythema, plantar erythema, and skin reaction n Includes rash, rash maculo-papular, rash pruritic, rash erythematous, rash macular, rash pustular, rash papular, rash vesicular, and application site rash |
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Table 12: Laboratory Abnormalities Worsened from Baselinea Occurring in ≥20% (All Grades) or ≥3% (Grades 3-4) of Patients Receiving LENVIMA plus Pembrolizumab in Study 309 (EC)
| Laboratory Testb | Endometrial Carcinoma (pMMR or not MSI-H) | |||
| LENVIMA 20 mg in combination with Pembrolizumab 200 mg N=342 |
Doxorubicin or Paclitaxel N=325 |
|||
| All Gradesc (%) | Grades 3-4 (%) | All Gradesc (%) | Grades 3-4 (%) | |
| Chemistry | ||||
| Hypertriglyceridemia | 70 | 6 | 45 | 1.7 |
| Hypoalbuminemia | 60 | 2.7 | 42 | 1.6 |
| Increased aspartate aminotransferase | 58 | 9 | 23 | 1.6 |
| Hyperglycemia | 58 | 8 | 45 | 4.4 |
| Hypomagnesemia | 46 | 15 | 28 | 7 |
| Increased alanine aminotransferase | 55 | 9 | 21 | 1.2 |
| Hypercholesteremia | 53 | 3.2 | 23 | 0.7 |
| Hyponatremia | 46 | 15 | 28 | 7 |
| Increased alkaline phosphatase | 43 | 4.7 | 18 | 0.9 |
| Hypocalcemia | 40 | 4.7 | 21 | 1.7 |
| Increased lipase | 36 | 14 | 13 | 3.9 |
| Increased creatinine | 35 | 4.7 | 18 | 1.9 |
| Hypokalemia | 34 | 10 | 24 | 5 |
| Hypophosphatemia | 26 | 8 | 17 | 3.2 |
| Increased amylase | 25 | 7 | 8 | 1 |
| Hyperkalemia | 23 | 2.4 | 12 | 1.2 |
| Increased creatine kinase | 19 | 3.7 | 7 | 0 |
| Increased bilirubin | 18 | 3.6 | 6 | 1.6 |
| Hematology | ||||
| Lymphopenia | 51 | 18 | 66 | 23 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 50 | 8 | 30 | 4.7 |
| Anemia | 49 | 8 | 84 | 14 |
| Leukopenia | 43 | 3.5 | 83 | 43 |
| Neutropenia | 34 | 8 | 80 | 60 |
| a With at least 1 grade increase from baseline b Laboratory abnormality percentage is based on the number of patients who had both baseline and at least one post-baseline laboratory measurement for each parameter: LENVIMA/pembrolizumab (range: 263 to 340 patients) and doxorubicin or paclitaxel (range: 240 to 322 patients). c Graded per NCI CTCAE v4.03 |
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The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of LENVIMA. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Gastrointestinal: pancreatitis, increased amylase
General: impaired wound healing
Hepatobiliary: cholecystitis
Renal and Urinary: nephrotic syndrome
Vascular: arterial (including aortic) aneurysms, dissections, and rupture
LENVIMA has been reported to prolong the QT/QTc interval. Avoid coadministration of LENVIMA with medicinal products with a known potential to prolong the QT/QTc interval [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.
Hypertension occurred in 73% of patients in SELECT (DTC) receiving LENVIMA 24 mg orally once daily and in 45% of patients in REFLECT (HCC) receiving LENVIMA 8 mg or 12 mg orally once daily. The median time to onset of new or worsening hypertension was 16 days in SELECT and 26 days in REFLECT. Grade 3 hypertension occurred in 44% of patients in SELECT and in 24% in REFLECT. Grade 4 hypertension occurred <1% in SELECT and Grade 4 hypertension was not reported in REFLECT.
In patients receiving LENVIMA 18 mg orally once daily with everolimus in Study 205 (RCC), hypertension was reported in 42% of patients and the median time to onset of new or worsening hypertension was 35 days. Grade 3 hypertension occurred in 13% of patients. Systolic blood pressure ≥160 mmHg occurred in 29% of patients and diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mmHg occurred in 21% [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Serious complications of poorly controlled hypertension have been reported.
Control blood pressure prior to initiating LENVIMA. Monitor blood pressure after 1 week, then every 2 weeks for the first 2 months, and then at least monthly thereafter during treatment. Withhold and resume at a reduced dose when hypertension is controlled or permanently discontinue LENVIMA based on severity [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Serious and fatal cardiac dysfunction can occur with LENVIMA. Across clinical trials in 799 patients with DTC, RCC or HCC, Grade 3 or higher cardiac dysfunction (including cardiomyopathy, left or right ventricular dysfunction, congestive heart failure, cardiac failure, ventricular hypokinesia, or decrease in left or right ventricular ejection fraction of more than 20% from baseline) occurred in 3% of LENVIMA-treated patients.
Monitor patients for clinical symptoms or signs of cardiac dysfunction. Withhold and resume at a reduced dose upon recovery or permanently discontinue LENVIMA based on severity [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Among patients receiving LENVIMA or LENVIMA with everolimus, arterial thromboembolic events of any severity occurred in 2% of patients in Study 205 (RCC), 2% of patients in REFLECT (HCC) and 5% of patients in SELECT (DTC). Grade 3 to 5 arterial thromboembolic events ranged from 2% to 3% across all clinical trials [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Among patients receiving LENVIMA with pembrolizumab, arterial thrombotic events of any severity occurred in 5% of patients in CLEAR, including myocardial infarction (3.4%) and cerebrovascular accident (2.3%).
Permanently discontinue LENVIMA following an arterial thrombotic event [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. The safety of resuming LENVIMA after an arterial thromboembolic event has not been established and LENVIMA has not been studied in patients who have had an arterial thromboembolic event within the previous 6 months.
Across clinical studies enrolling 1327 LENVIMA-treated patients with malignancies other than HCC, serious hepatic adverse reactions occurred in 1.4% of patients. Fatal events, including hepatic failure, acute hepatitis and hepatorenal syndrome, occurred in 0.5% of patients.
In REFLECT (HCC), hepatic encephalopathy (including hepatic encephalopathy, encephalopathy, metabolic encephalopathy, and hepatic coma) occurred in 8% of LENVIMA-treated patients and 3% of sorafenib-treated patients. Grade 3 to 5 hepatic encephalopathy occurred in 5% of LENVIMA-treated patients and 2% of sorafenib-treated patients. Grade 3 to 5 hepatic failure occurred in 3% of LENVIMA-treated patients and 3% of sorafenib-treated patients. Two percent of patients discontinued LENVIMA and 0.2% discontinued sorafenib due to hepatic encephalopathy and 1% of patients discontinued LENVIMA or sorafenib due to hepatic failure [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Monitor liver function prior to initiating LENVIMA, then every 2 weeks for the first 2 months, and at least monthly thereafter during treatment. Monitor patients with HCC closely for signs of hepatic failure, including hepatic encephalopathy. Withhold and resume at a reduced dose upon recovery or permanently discontinue LENVIMA based on severity [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Serious including fatal renal failure or impairment can occur with LENVIMA. Renal impairment occurred in 14% of patients receiving LENVIMA in SELECT (DTC) and in 7% of patients receiving LENVIMA in REFLECT (HCC). Grade 3 to 5 renal failure or impairment occurred in 3% (DTC) and 2% (HCC) of patients, including 1 fatality in each study.
In Study 205 (RCC), renal impairment or renal failure occurred in 18% of patients receiving LENVIMA with everolimus, including Grade 3 in 10% of patients [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Initiate prompt management of diarrhea or dehydration/hypovolemia. Withhold and resume at a reduced dose upon recovery or permanently discontinue LENVIMA for renal failure or impairment based on severity [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Proteinuria occurred in 34% of LENVIMA-treated patients in SELECT (DTC) and in 26% of LENVIMA-treated patients in REFLECT (HCC). Grade 3 proteinuria occurred in 11% and 6% in SELECT and REFLECT, respectively. In Study 205 (RCC), proteinuria occurred in 31% of patients receiving LENVIMA with everolimus and 14% of patients receiving everolimus. Grade 3 proteinuria occurred in 8% of patients receiving LENVIMA with everolimus compared to 2% of patients receiving everolimus [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Monitor for proteinuria prior to initiating LENVIMA and periodically during treatment. If urine dipstick proteinuria greater than or equal to 2+ is detected, obtain a 24-hour urine protein. Withhold and resume at a reduced dose upon recovery or permanently discontinue LENVIMA based on severity [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Of the 737 patients treated with LENVIMA in SELECT (DTC) and REFLECT (HCC), diarrhea occurred in 49% of patients, including Grade 3 in 6%.
In Study 205 (RCC), diarrhea occurred in 81% of patients receiving LENVIMA with everolimus, including Grade 3 in 19%. Diarrhea was the most frequent cause of dose interruption/reduction and diarrhea recurred despite dose reduction [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Promptly initiate management of diarrhea. Withhold and resume at a reduced dose upon recovery or permanently discontinue LENVIMA based on severity [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Of 799 patients treated with LENVIMA or LENVIMA with everolimus in SELECT (DTC), Study 205 (RCC) and REFLECT (HCC), fistula or gastrointestinal perforation occurred in 2%.
Permanently discontinue LENVIMA in patients who develop gastrointestinal perforation of any severity or Grade 3 or 4 fistula [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
In SELECT (DTC), QT/QTc interval prolongation occurred in 9% of LENVIMA-treated patients and QT interval prolongation of >500 ms occurred in 2%. In Study 205 (RCC), QTc interval increases of >60 ms occurred in 11% of patients receiving LENVIMA with everolimus and QTc interval >500 ms occurred in 6%. In REFLECT (HCC), QTc interval increases of >60 ms occurred in 8% of LENVIMA-treated patients and QTc interval >500 ms occurred in 2%.
Monitor and correct electrolyte abnormalities at baseline and periodically during treatment. Monitor electrocardiograms in patients with congenital long QT syndrome, congestive heart failure, bradyarrhythmias, or those who are taking drugs known to prolong the QT interval, including Class Ia and III antiarrhythmics. Withhold and resume at reduced dose of LENVIMA upon recovery based on severity [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
In SELECT (DTC), Grade 3 to 4 hypocalcemia occurred in 9% of patients receiving LENVIMA. In 65% of cases, hypocalcemia improved or resolved following calcium supplementation, with or without dose interruption or dose reduction.
In Study 205 (RCC), Grade 3 to 4 hypocalcemia occurred in 6% of patients treated with LENVIMA with everolimus. In REFLECT (HCC), Grade 3 hypocalcemia occurred in 0.8% of LENVIMA-treated patients [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Monitor blood calcium levels at least monthly and replace calcium as necessary during treatment. Withhold and resume at reduced dose upon recovery or permanently discontinue LENVIMA depending on severity [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Across clinical studies of 1823 patients who received LENVIMA as a single agent [see ADVERSE REACTIONS], reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) occurred in 0.3%.
Confirm the diagnosis of RPLS with magnetic resonance imaging. Withhold and resume at a reduced dose upon recovery or permanently discontinue LENVIMA depending on severity and persistence of neurologic symptoms [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Serious including fatal hemorrhagic events can occur with LENVIMA. Across SELECT (DTC), Study 205 (RCC) and REFLECT (HCC), hemorrhagic events of any grade occurred in 29% of the 799 patients treated with LENVIMA as a single agent or in combination with everolimus. The most frequently reported hemorrhagic events (all grades and occurring in at least 5% of patients) were epistaxis and hematuria.
In SELECT, Grade 3 to 5 hemorrhage occurred in 2% of patients receiving LENVIMA, including 1 fatal intracranial hemorrhage among 16 patients who received LENVIMA and had CNS metastases at baseline. In Study 205, Grade 3 to 5 hemorrhage occurred in 8% of patients receiving LENVIMA with everolimus, including 1 fatal cerebral hemorrhage. In REFLECT, Grade 3 to 5 hemorrhage occurred in 5% of patients receiving LENVIMA, including 7 fatal hemorrhagic events [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Serious tumor related bleeds, including fatal hemorrhagic events, occurred in patients treated with LENVIMA in clinical trials and in the post-marketing setting. In post-marketing surveillance, serious and fatal carotid artery hemorrhages were seen more frequently in patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) than in other tumor types. The safety and effectiveness of LENVIMA in patients with ATC have not been demonstrated in clinical trials.
Consider the risk of severe or fatal hemorrhage associated with tumor invasion or infiltration of major blood vessels (e.g. carotid artery). Withhold and resume at reduced dose upon recovery or permanently discontinue LENVIMA based on the severity [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
LENVIMA impairs exogenous thyroid suppression. In SELECT (DTC), 88% of all patients had a baseline thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level ≤0.5 mU/L. In those patients with a normal TSH at baseline, elevation of TSH level >0.5 mU/L was observed post baseline in 57% of LENVIMA-treated patients.
Grade 1 or 2 hypothyroidism occurred in 24% of patients receiving LENVIMA with everolimus in Study 205 (RCC) and in 21% of patients receiving LENVIMA in REFLECT (HCC). In those patients with a normal or low TSH at baseline, an elevation of TSH was observed post baseline in 70% of patients receiving LENVIMA in REFLECT and 60% of patients receiving LENVIMA with everolimus in Study 205 [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Monitor thyroid function prior to initiating LENVIMA and at least monthly during treatment. Treat hypothyroidism according to standard medical practice.
Impaired wound healing has been reported in patients who received LENVIMA [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Withhold LENVIMA for at least 1 week prior to elective surgery. Do not administer for at least 2 weeks following major surgery and until adequate wound healing. The safety of resumption of LENVIMA after resolution of wound healing complications has not been established.
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (ONJ) has been reported in patients receiving LENVIMA [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Concomitant exposure to other risk factors, such as bisphosphonates, denosumab, dental disease or invasive dental procedures, may increase the risk of ONJ.
Perform an oral examination prior to treatment with LENVIMA and periodically during LENVIMA treatment. Advise patients regarding good oral hygiene practices. Avoid invasive dental procedures, if possible, while on LENVIMA treatment, particularly in patients at higher risk. Withhold LENVIMA for at least 1 week prior to scheduled dental surgery or invasive dental procedures, if possible. For patients requiring invasive dental procedures, discontinuation of bisphosphonate treatment may reduce the risk of ONJ. Withhold LENVIMA if ONJ develops and restart based on clinical judgement of adequate resolution.
Based on its mechanism of action and data from animal reproduction studies, LENVIMA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. In animal reproduction studies, oral administration of lenvatinib during organogenesis at doses below the recommended clinical doses resulted in embryotoxicity, fetotoxicity, and teratogenicity in rats and rabbits.
Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with LENVIMA and for 30 days after the last dose [see Use In Specific Populations].
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (PATIENT INFORMATION).
Advise patients to undergo regular blood pressure monitoring and to contact their health care provider if blood pressure is elevated [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients that LENVIMA can cause cardiac dysfunction and to immediately contact their healthcare provider if they experience any clinical symptoms of cardiac dysfunction [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients to seek immediate medical attention for new onset chest pain or acute neurologic symptoms consistent with myocardial infarction or stroke [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients that they will need to undergo laboratory tests to monitor liver function and to report any new symptoms indicating hepatic toxicity or failure [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients that they will need to undergo regular laboratory tests to monitor kidney function and protein in the urine [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients when to start standard anti-diarrheal therapy and to maintain adequate hydration. Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider if they are unable to maintain adequate hydration [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients that LENVIMA can increase the risk of fistula formation or gastrointestinal perforation and to seek immediate medical attention for severe abdominal pain [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients who are at risk for QTc prolongation that they will need to undergo regular ECGs. Advise all patients that they will need to undergo laboratory tests to monitor electrolytes [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients of the risks of hypocalcemia, that they will need to undergo laboratory tests to monitor calcium levels, and the potential requirement for calcium supplementation [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients of the signs and symptoms of RPLS and to contact their healthcare provider for new onset or worsening neurological function [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients that LENVIMA can increase the risk for bleeding and to contact their healthcare provider for bleeding or symptoms of severe bleeding [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients that LENVIMA can cause hypothyroidism and that their thyroid function should be monitored regularly during treatment [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients that LENVIMA may impair wound healing. Advise patients to inform their healthcare provider of any planned surgical procedure [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients regarding good oral hygiene practices and to have preventive dentistry performed prior to treatment with LENVIMA and throughout treatment with LENVIMA.
Inform patients being treated with LENVIMA, particularly those who are at high risk for ONJ, to avoid invasive dental procedures, if possible, and to inform their healthcare provider of any planned dental procedures [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. Advise patients to immediately contact their healthcare provider for signs or symptoms associated with ONJ.
Advise females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus and to inform their healthcare provider of a known or suspected pregnancy [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Use In Specific Populations].
Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with LENVIMA and for 30 days after the last dose [see Use In Specific Populations].
Advise women to discontinue breastfeeding during treatment with LENVIMA and for 1 week after the last dose [see Use In Specific Populations].
Carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted with lenvatinib. Lenvatinib mesylate was not mutagenic in the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) assay. Lenvatinib was not clastogenic in the in vitro mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase assay or the in vivo rat micronucleus assay.
No specific studies with lenvatinib have been conducted in animals to evaluate the effect on fertility; however, results from general toxicology studies in rats, monkeys, and dogs suggest there is a potential for lenvatinib to impair fertility. Male dogs exhibited testicular hypocellularity of the seminiferous epithelium and desquamated seminiferous epithelial cells in the epididymides at lenvatinib exposures approximately 0.02 to 0.09 times the AUC at the recommended clinical dose of 24 mg once daily. Follicular atresia of the ovaries was observed in monkeys and rats at exposures 0.2 to 0.8 times and 10 to 44 times the AUC at the recommended clinical dose of 24 mg once daily, respectively. In addition, in monkeys, a decreased incidence of menstruation was reported at lenvatinib exposures lower than those observed in humans at the recommended clinical dose of 24 mg once daily.
Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, LENVIMA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. In animal reproduction studies, oral administration of lenvatinib during organogenesis at doses below the recommended human doses resulted in embryotoxicity, fetotoxicity, and teratogenicity in rats and rabbits (see Data). There are no available human data informing the drug-associated risk. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus.
In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.
Animal Data
In an embryofetal development study, daily oral administration of lenvatinib mesylate at doses ≥0.3 mg/kg [approximately 0.14 times the recommended clinical dose of 24 mg based on body surface area (BSA)] to pregnant rats during organogenesis resulted in dose-related decreases in mean fetal body weight, delayed fetal ossifications, and dose-related increases in fetal external (parietal edema and tail abnormalities), visceral, and skeletal anomalies. Greater than 80% post-implantation loss was observed at 1.0 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.5 times the recommended clinical dose of 24 mg based on BSA).
Daily oral administration of lenvatinib mesylate to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis resulted in fetal external (short tail), visceral (retroesophageal subclavian artery), and skeletal anomalies at doses greater than or equal to 0.03 mg/kg (approximately 0.03 times the recommended clinical dose of 24 mg based on BSA). At the 0.03 mg/kg dose, increased post-implantation loss, including 1 fetal death, was also observed. Lenvatinib was abortifacient in rabbits, resulting in late abortions in approximately one-third of the rabbits treated at a dose level of 0.5 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.5 times the recommended clinical dose of 24 mg based on BSA).
It is not known whether LENVIMA is present in human milk; however, lenvatinib and its metabolites are excreted in rat milk at concentrations higher than those in maternal plasma (see Data). Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed children, advise women to discontinue breastfeeding during treatment with LENVIMA and for 1 week after the last dose.
Animal Data
Following administration of radiolabeled lenvatinib to lactating Sprague Dawley rats, lenvatinib-related radioactivity was approximately 2 times higher [based on area under the curve (AUC)] in milk compared to maternal plasma.
Based on animal data and its mechanism of action, LENVIMA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Use In Specific Populations].
Verify the pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating LENVIMA [see Use In Specific Populations].
Females
Advise females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus and to use effective contraception during treatment with LENVIMA and for 30 days after the last dose.
LENVIMA may impair fertility in males and females of reproductive potential [see Nonclinical Toxicology].
The safety and effectiveness of LENVIMA in pediatric patients have not been established.
The safety and efficacy of LENVIMA alone and in combination were investigated but not established in four open label studies (NCT02432274, NCT04154189, NCT04447755, NCT03245151) in 232 patients aged 2 to <17 years with relapsed or refractory solid tumors, including osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and high-grade glioma. Hypothyroidism and pneumothorax were observed at a higher rate in pediatric patients compared to that of adult patients. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of lenvatinib in pediatric patients were within range of values previously observed in adults at the approved recommended dose of 24 mg.
Daily oral administration of lenvatinib mesylate to juvenile rats for 8 weeks starting on postnatal day 21 (approximately equal to a human pediatric age of 2 years) resulted in growth retardation (decreased body weight gain, decreased food consumption, and decreases in the width and/or length of the femur and tibia) and secondary delays in physical development and reproductive organ immaturity at doses greater than or equal to 2 mg/kg (approximately 1.2 to 5 times the human exposure based on AUC at the recommended clinical dose of 24 mg). Decreased length of the femur and tibia persisted following 4 weeks of recovery. In general, the toxicologic profile of lenvatinib was similar between juvenile and adult rats, though toxicities including broken teeth at all dose levels and mortality at the 10 mg/kg/day dose level (attributed to primary duodenal lesions) occurred at earlier treatment time-points in juvenile rats.
Of the 261 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) who received LENVIMA in SELECT, 45% were ≥65 years of age and 11% were ≥75 years of age. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects.
Of the 352 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who received LENVIMA with pembrolizumab in CLEAR, 45% were ≥65 years of age and 13% were ≥75 years of age. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these elderly patients and younger patients.
Of the 62 patients with RCC who received LENVIMA with everolimus in Study 205, 36% were ≥65 years of age. Conclusions are limited due to the small sample size, but there appeared to be no overall differences in safety or effectiveness between these subjects and younger subjects.
Of the 476 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received LENVIMA in REFLECT, 44% were ≥65 years of age and 12% were ≥75 years of age. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between patients ≥65 and younger subjects. Patients ≥75 years of age showed reduced tolerability to LENVIMA.
Of 406 adult patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC) who were treated with LENVIMA in combination with pembrolizumab in Study 309, 201 (50%) were 65 years and over. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between elderly patients and younger patients.
No dose adjustment is recommended for patients with mild (CLcr 60-89 mL/min) or moderate (CLcr 30-59 mL/min) renal impairment. Lenvatinib concentrations may increase in patients with DTC, RCC, or endometrial carcinoma and severe (CLcr 15-29 mL/min) renal impairment. Reduce the dose of LENVIMA for patients with RCC, DTC, or endometrial carcinoma and severe renal impairment [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. There is no recommended dose of LENVIMA for patients with HCC and severe renal impairment. LENVIMA has not been studied in patients with end stage renal disease [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
No dose adjustment is recommended for patients with HCC and mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh A). There is no recommended dose for patients with HCC with moderate or severe hepatic impairment.
No dose adjustment is recommended for patients with DTC, RCC, or endometrial carcinoma and mild or moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh A or B). Lenvatinib concentrations may increase in patients with DTC, RCC, or endometrial carcinoma and severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C). Reduce the dose of lenvatinib for patients with DTC, RCC, or endometrial carcinoma and severe hepatic impairment [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
Due to the high plasma protein binding, lenvatinib is not expected to be dialyzable [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. Death due to multiorgan dysfunction occurred in a patient who received a single dose of LENVIMA 120 mg orally.
None.
Lenvatinib is a kinase inhibitor that inhibits the kinase activities of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors VEGFR1 (FLT1), VEGFR2 (KDR), and VEGFR3 (FLT4). Lenvatinib inhibits other kinases that have been implicated in pathogenic angiogenesis, tumor growth, and cancer progression in addition to their normal cellular functions, including fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors FGFR1, 2, 3, and 4; platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA), KIT, and RET. Lenvatinib also exhibited antiproliferative activity in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines dependent on activated FGFR signaling with a concurrent inhibition of FGF-receptor substrate 2 alpha (FRS2) phosphorylation.
In syngeneic mouse tumor models, lenvatinib decreased tumor-associated macrophages, increased activated cytotoxic T cells, and demonstrated greater antitumor activity in combination with an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody compared to either treatment alone.
The combination of lenvatinib and everolimus showed increased antiangiogenic and antitumor activity as demonstrated by decreases in human endothelial cell proliferation, tube formation, and VEGF signaling in vitro, and by decreases in tumor volume in mouse xenograft models of human renal cell cancer that were greater than those with either drug alone.
In a multicenter randomized (1:1) double blind trial of 152 patients with radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory DTC, a dose-response relationship for overall response rate (ORR) was observed over the dose range of 18 mg (0.75 times the recommended dose of 24 mg) and 24 mg. A higher ORR was observed at the recommended lenvatinib dose.
No dose-response relationships for adverse reactions, serious adverse reactions, adverse reactions leading to study drug discontinuation, and adverse reactions leading to study drug interruption were observed over the same dose range.
In patients with solid tumors administered single and multiple doses of LENVIMA once daily, the maximum lenvatinib plasma concentration (Cmax) and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) increased proportionally over the dose range of 3.2 mg (0.1 times the recommended clinical dose of 24 mg) to 32 mg (1.33 times the recommended clinical dose of 24 mg) with a median accumulation index of 0.96 (20 mg) to 1.54 (6.4 mg).
Geometric mean Cmax and AUC values at steady state for RCC, DTC and HCC are summarized in the Table 13.
Table 13: Lenvatinib Cmax and AUC in Patients with Solid Tumorsa
| Tumor Type | Dose | Parameter | N | Geometric Mean | %CV |
| RCC | 18 mg | Cmax (ng/mL) | 350 | 267 | 36.7 |
| AUC (ng•h/mL) | 350 | 3148 | 42.5 | ||
| 20 mg | Cmax (ng/mL) | 346 | 275 | 32.6 | |
| AUC (ng•h/mL) | 346 | 3135 | 41.3 | ||
| DTC | 24 mg | Cmax (ng/mL) | 251 | 323 | 33.3 |
| AUC (ng•h/mL) | 251 | 3483 | 34.7 | ||
| HCC (body weight < 60 kg) | 8 mg | Cmax (ng/mL) | 150 | 154 | 25.4 |
| AUC (ng•h/mL) | 150 | 1835 | 34.0 | ||
| HCC (body weight ≥ 60 kg) | 12 mg | Cmax (ng/mL) | 318 | 172 | 23.1 |
| AUC (ng•h/mL) | 318 | 2013 | 29.3 | ||
| a Model-predicted steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters are presented. | |||||
The time to peak plasma concentration (Tmax) typically occurred from 1 to 4 hours post-dose.
Food Effect
Administration with a high fat meal (approximately 900 calories of which approximately 55% were from fat, 15% from protein, and 30% from carbohydrates) did not affect the extent of absorption, but decreased the rate of absorption and delayed the median Tmax from 2 hours to 4 hours.
Model-predicted geometric mean steady state volume of distribution is 97 L (%CV, 30.2%). Protein binding of lenvatinib is 97% to 99%, which is independent of concentration, and is not impacted by hepatic or renal function. The blood-to-plasma concentration ratio ranged from 0.59 to 0.61 at concentrations of 0.1 to 10 μg/mL in vitro.
The terminal elimination half-life of lenvatinib was approximately 28 hours.
Metabolism
The main metabolic pathways for lenvatinib in humans were identified as enzymatic (CYP3A and aldehyde oxidase) and non-enzymatic processes.
Excretion
Ten days after a single administration of radiolabeled lenvatinib, approximately 64% and 25% of the radiolabel were eliminated in the feces and urine, respectively.
Age (18 to 92 years), sex, race/ethnicity (White, Black and Asian), tumor types (DTC, RCC, HCC and other tumor types) and renal impairment (creatinine clearance: 15-89 mL/min) did not have a significant effect on apparent oral clearance (CL/F). Subjects with end stage renal disease were not studied.
The pharmacokinetics of lenvatinib following a single 10 mg dose were evaluated in subjects with mild (Child-Pugh A) or moderate (Child-Pugh B) hepatic impairment. The pharmacokinetics of a single 5 mg dose were evaluated in subjects with severe (Child-Pugh C) hepatic impairment. Compared to subjects with normal hepatic function, the dose-adjusted AUC0-inf of lenvatinib for subjects with mild, moderate, and severe hepatic impairment were 119%, 107%, and 180%, respectively.
Apparent oral clearance of lenvatinib in patients with HCC and mild hepatic impairment was similar to patients with HCC and moderate hepatic impairment.
Lenvatinib exposures in patients with HCC in REFLECT were comparable between those weighing <60 kg who received a starting dose of 8 mg and those ≥60 kg who received a starting dose of 12 mg.
CYP3A, P-gp, And BCRP Inhibitors
Ketoconazole (400 mg daily for 18 days) increased lenvatinib (administered as a single 5 mg dose on Day 5) AUC by 15% and Cmax by 19%.
P-gp Inhibitor
Rifampicin (600 mg as a single dose) increased lenvatinib (24 mg as a single dose) AUC by 31% and Cmax by 33%.
CYP3A And P-gp Inducers
Rifampicin (600 mg daily for 21 days) decreased lenvatinib (24 mg as a single dose on Day 15) AUC by 18%. The Cmax was unchanged.
Population pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that neither everolimus nor pembrolizumab meaningfully affect the pharmacokinetics of lenvatinib.
In Vitro Studies With Transporters
Lenvatinib is a substrate of P-gp and BCRP but not a substrate for organic anion transporter (OAT) 1, OAT3, organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1, OATP1B3, organic cation transporter (OCT) 1, OCT2, multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) 1, MATE2-K, or the bile salt export pump (BSEP).
CYP2C8 Substrate
There is no projected significant drug-drug interaction risk between lenvatinib and repaglinide.
CYP3A4 Substrate
Co-administration of lenvatinib with midazolam had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam.
Population pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that lenvatinib does not meaningfully affect the pharmacokinetics of either everolimus or pembrolizumab.
In Vitro Studies With Substrates Of CYP Or UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)
Lenvatinib inhibits CYP2C8, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A. Lenvatinib does not inhibit CYP2A6 and CYP2E1. Lenvatinib induces CYP3A, but it does not induce CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP2C9.
Lenvatinib inhibits UGT1A1, UGT1A4, and UGT1A9 in vitro, but likely only inhibits UGT1A1 in vivo in the gastrointestinal tract based on the expression of the enzyme in tissues. Lenvatinib does not inhibit UGT1A6, UGT2B7 or aldehyde oxidase. Lenvatinib does not induce UGT1A1, UGT1A4, UGT1A6, UGT1A9, or UGT2B7.
Lenvatinib does not have the potential to inhibit MATE1, MATE2-K, OCT1, OCT2, OAT1, OAT3, BSEP, OATP1B1, or OATP1B3 in vivo.
A multicenter, randomized (2:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled study (SELECT; NCT01321554) was conducted in 392 patients with locally recurrent or metastatic radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and radiographic evidence of disease progression within 12 months prior to randomization, confirmed by independent radiologic review. Radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory was defined as 1 or more measurable lesions with no iodine uptake on RAI scan, iodine uptake with progression within 12 months of RAI therapy, or having received cumulative RAI activity >600 mCi (22 GBq) with the last dose administered at least 6 months prior to study entry. Patients were randomized to receive LENVIMA 24 mg once daily (n=261) or placebo (n=131) until disease progression. Randomization was stratified by geographic region, prior VEGF/VEGFR-targeted therapy, and age. The major efficacy outcome measure was progression-free survival (PFS) as determined by blinded independent radiologic review using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1. Independent review confirmation of disease progression was required prior to discontinuing patients from the randomization phase of the study. Other efficacy outcome measures included objective response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS). Patients in the placebo arm could receive LENVIMA following independent review confirmation of disease progression.
Of the 392 patients randomized, 51% were male, the median age was 63 years, 40% were 65 years or older, 79% were White, 54% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of 0, and 24% had received 1 prior VEGF/VEGFR-targeted therapy. Metastases were present in 99% of the patients: lungs in 89%, lymph nodes in 52%, bone in 39%, liver in 18%, and brain in 4%. The histological diagnoses were papillary thyroid cancer (66%) and follicular thyroid cancer (34%); of those with follicular histology, 44% had Hürthle cell and 11% had clear cell subtypes. In the LENVIMA arm, 67% of patients did not demonstrate iodine uptake on any RAI scan compared to 77% in the placebo arm. Additionally, 59% of patients on the LENVIMA arm and 61% of patients on placebo arm progressed, according to RECIST 1.1, within 12 months of prior I 131 therapy; 19.2% of patients on the LENVIMA arm and 17.6% of patients on placebo arm received prior cumulative activity of >600 mCi or 22 GBq I 131, with the last dose administered at least 6 months prior to study entry. The median cumulative RAI activity administered prior to study entry was 350 mCi (12.95 GBq).
A statistically significant prolongation in PFS was demonstrated in LENVIMA-treated patients compared to those receiving placebo (Table 14 and Figure 1). Upon confirmation of progression, 83% of patients that were randomly assigned to placebo crossed over to receive open-label LENVIMA.
Table 14: Efficacy Results in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in SELECT
| LENVIMA N=261 |
Placebo N=131 |
|
| Progression-Free Survival (PFS)a | ||
| Number of events (%) | 107 (41) | 113(86) |
| Progressive disease | 93 (36) | 109 (83) |
| Death | 14 (5) | 4 (3) |
| Median PFS in months (95% CI) | 18.3 (15.1, NE) | 3.6 (2.2, 3.7) |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI)b | 0.21 (0.16, 0.28) | |
| p-valuec | <0.001 | |
| Objective Response Ratea | ||
| Objective response rate | 65% | 2% |
| (95% CI) | (59%, 71%) | (0%, 4%) |
| Complete response | 2% | 0% |
| Partial response | 63% | 2% |
| p-valued | <0.001 | |
| Overall Survival (OS)e | ||
| Number of deaths (%) | 71 (27) | 47 (36) |
| Median OS in months (95% CI) | NE (22.1, NE) | NE (20.3, NE) |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI)b | 0.73 (0.50, 1.07) | |
| p-valueb | 0.10 | |
| a Independent radiologic review b Estimated with Cox proportional hazard model stratified by region (Europe vs North America vs other), age group (≤65 years vs >65 years), and previous VEGF/VEGFR-targeted therapy (0 vs 1) c Log-rank test stratified by region (Europe vs North America vs other), age group (≤65 years vs >65 years), and previous VEGF/VEGFR-targeted therapy (0 vs 1) d Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test e NE = Not estimable |
||
Figure 1: Kaplan-Meier Curves for Progression-Free Survival in SELECT
 |
CLEAR
The efficacy of LENVIMA in combination with pembrolizumab was investigated in CLEAR (NCT02811861), a multicenter, open-label, randomized trial that enrolled 1069 patients with advanced RCC in the first-line setting. Patients were enrolled regardless of PD-L1 tumor expression status. Patients with active autoimmune disease or a medical condition that required immunosuppression were ineligible. Randomization was stratified by geographic region (North America and Western Europe versus “Rest of the World”) and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) prognostic groups (favorable, intermediate and poor risk).
Patients were randomized (1:1:1) to one of the following treatment arms:
Treatment continued until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. Administration of LENVIMA with pembrolizumab was permitted beyond RECIST-defined disease progression if the patient was clinically stable and considered by the investigator to be deriving clinical benefit. Pembrolizumab dosing was continued for a maximum of 24 months; however, treatment with LENVIMA could be continued beyond 24 months. Assessment of tumor status was performed at baseline and then every 8 weeks.
The study population characteristics were: median age of 62 years (range: 29 to 88 years); 42% age 65 or older, 75% male; 74% White, 21% Asian, 1% Black, and 2% other races; 18% and 82% of patients had a baseline KPS of 70 to 80 and 90 to 100, respectively; patient distribution by MSKCC risk categories was 27% favorable, 64% intermediate and 9% poor. Common sites of metastases in patients were lung (68%), lymph node (45%), and bone (25%).
The major efficacy outcome measures were PFS, as assessed by independent radiologic review (IRC) according to RECIST v1.1, and OS. Additional efficacy outcome measures included confirmed ORR as assessed by IRC. At the protocol-specified interim analysis, LENVIMA in combination with pembrolizumab demonstrated statistically significant improvements in PFS, OS, and ORR compared with sunitinib. An updated OS analysis was conducted when approximately 304 deaths were observed based on the planned number of deaths for the pre-specified final analysis. Table 15 and Figures 2 and 3 summarize the efficacy results for CLEAR.
Table 15: Efficacy Results in Renal Cell Carcinoma Per IRC in CLEAR
| LENVIMA 20 mg with Pembrolizumab 200mg N=355 |
Sunitinib 50mg N=357 |
|
| Progression-Free Survival (PFS) | ||
| Number of events, n (%) | 160 (45%) | 205 (57%) |
| Progressive disease | 145 (41%) | 196 (55%) |
| Death | 15 (4%) | 9 (3%) |
| Median PFS in months (95% CI) | 23.9 (20.8, 27.7) | 9.2 (6.0, 11.0) |
| Hazard Ratioa (95% CI) | 0.39 (0.32, 0.49) | |
| p-valueb | <0.0001 | |
| Overall Survival (OS) | ||
| Number of deaths, n (%) | 80 (23%) | 101 (28%) |
| Median OS in months (95% CI) | NR (33.6, NE) | NR (NE, NE) |
| Hazard Ratioa (95% CI) | 0.66 (0.49, 0.88) | |
| p-valueb | 0.0049 | |
| Updated OS | ||
| Number of deaths, n (%) | 149 (42%) | 159 (45%) |
| Median OS in months (95% CI) | 53.7 (48.7, NE) | 54.3 (40.9, NE) |
| Hazard Ratioa (95% CI) | 0.79 (0.63, 0.99) | |
| Objective Response Rate (Confirmed) | ||
| Objective response rate, n (%) | 252 (71%) | 129 (36%) |
| (95% CI) | (66, 76) | (31, 41) |
| Complete response rate | 16% | 4% |
| Partial responses rate | 55% | 32% |
| p-valuec | <0.0001 | |
| Tumor assessments were based on RECIST 1.1; only confirmed responses are included for ORR. Data cutoff date = 28 Aug 2020, Updated OS cutoff date = 31 July 2022 CI = confidence interval; NE= Not estimable; NR= Not reached a Hazard ratio is based on a Cox Proportional Hazards Model, stratified by geographic region and MSKCC prognostic groups. b Two-sided p-value based on stratified log-rank test. c Two-sided p-value based upon CMH test. |
||
Figure 2: Kaplan-Meier Curves for Progression-Free Survival in CLEAR
 |
Figure 3: Kaplan-Meier Curves for Updated Overall Survival in CLEAR
 |
KEYNOTE-B61
The efficacy of LENVIMA in combination with pembrolizumab was investigated in a multicenter, single-arm study, KEYNOTE-B61 (NCT04704219), that enrolled 160 patients with advanced/metastatic non-clear cell RCC in the first-line setting. Patients with active autoimmune disease or a medical condition that required immunosuppression were ineligible.
Patients received LENVIMA 20 mg orally once daily in combination with pembrolizumab 400 mg every 6 weeks for up to 24 months or until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. LENVIMA could be continued as a single agent beyond 24 months until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. Administration of LENVIMA with pembrolizumab was permitted beyond RECIST-defined disease progression if the patient was considered by the investigator to be deriving clinical benefit.
Among the 158 treated patients, the baseline characteristics were: median age of 60 years (range: 24 to 87 years); 71% male; 86% White, 8% Asian, and 3% Black; <1% Hispanic or Latino; 22% and 78% of patients had a baseline KPS of 70 to 80 and 90 to 100, respectively; histologic subtypes were 59% papillary, 18% chromophobe, 4% translocation, <1% medullary, 13% unclassified, and 6% other; patient distribution by IMDC risk categories was 35% favorable, 54% intermediate, and 10% poor. Common sites of metastases in patients were lymph node (65%), lung (35%), bone (30%), and liver (21%).
The major efficacy outcome measure was ORR as assessed by BICR using RECIST 1.1. Additional efficacy outcome measures included DOR as assessed by BICR using RECIST 1.1. Efficacy results are summarized in Table 16.
Table 16: Efficacy Results in Study (NCT04704219)
| Endpoint | LENVIMA 20 mg and pembrolizumab 400 mg every 6 weeks n=158 |
| Objective Response Rate (Confirmed) | |
| ORR, (95% CI) | 51% (43, 59) |
| Complete response | 8% |
| Partial response | 42% |
| Duration of Response* | |
| Median in months (range) | 19.5 (1.5+, 23.5+) |
| CI = confidence interval * Based on Kaplan-Meier estimates + Denotes ongoing response |
|
The efficacy was evaluated in a multicenter, randomized (1:1:1) study (Study 205: NCT01136733), in which 153 patients with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma who have previously received anti-angiogenic therapy received LENVIMA 18 mg orally once daily with everolimus 5 mg orally once daily, LENVIMA 24 mg orally once daily, or everolimus 10 mg orally once daily. Patients were required to have histological confirmation of clear cell RCC and ECOG PS of 0 or 1. Patients were stratified by hemoglobin level (≤ or >13 g/dL for males and ≤ or >11.5 g/dL for females) and corrected serum calcium (≥10 mg/dL vs. < 10 mg/dL). The major efficacy outcome measure was investigator-assessed PFS evaluated according to RECIST 1.1.
Of the 101 patients randomized to the LENVIMA with everolimus arm or everolimus arm, 72% were male, the median age was 60 years, 31% were older than 65 years, and 96% were White. Metastases were present in 95% of the patients and unresectable advanced disease was present in 5%. All patients had a baseline ECOG PS of either 0 (54%) or 1 (46%) with similar distribution across these two treatment arms. MSKCC favorable, intermediate, and poor-risk categories were observed, respectively, in 24%, 37%, and 39% of patients in the LENVIMA with everolimus arm and 24%, 38%, and 38% of patients in the everolimus arm.
Efficacy results from Study 205 are summarized in Table 17 and Figures 4 and 5. The treatment effect of the combination on PFS was supported by a retrospective independent review of radiographs with an observed hazard ratio (HR) of 0.43 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.75) compared with the everolimus arm.
Table 17: Efficacy Results in Renal Cell Carcinoma Per Investigator Assessment in Study 205
| LENVIMA 18 mg with Everolimus 5 mg N=51 |
Everolimus 10 mg N=50 |
|
| Progression-Free Survival (PFS)a | ||
| Number of events, n (%) | 26 (51) | 37 (74) |
| Progressive disease | 21 (41) | 35 (70) |
| Death | 5 (10) | 2 (4) |
| Median PFS in months (95% CI) | 14.6 (5.9, 20.1) | 5.5 (3.5, 7.1) |
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI)b LENVIMA with Everolimus vs Everolimus | 0.37 (0.22, 0.62) | - |
| Overall Survival (OS)c | ||
| Number of deaths, n (%) | 32 (63) | 37 (74) |
| Median OS in months (95% CI) | 25.5 (16.4, 32.1) | 15.4 (11.8, 20.6) |
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI)b LENVIMA with Everolimus vs Everolimus | 0.67 (0.42, 1.08) | - |
| Objective Response Rate (Confirmed) | ||
| Objective response rate, n (%) | 19 (37) | 3 (6) |
| (95% CI) | (24, 52) | (1, 17) |
| Number of complete responses, n (%) | 1 (2) | 0 |
| Number of partial responses (%) | 18 (35) | 3 (6) |
| Tumor assessments were based on RECIST v1.1 criteria for progression but only confirmed responses are included for ORR. Data cutoff date = 13 Jun 2014 CI = confidence interval a Point estimates are based on Kaplan-Meier method and 95% CIs are based on the Greenwood formula using log-log transformation. b Hazard ratio is based on a stratified Cox regression model including treatment as a covariate factor and hemoglobin and corrected serum calcium as strata. c Data cutoff date = 31 Jul 2015 |
||
Figure 4: Kaplan-Meier Curves for Progression-Free Survival in Study 205
 |
Figure 5: Kaplan-Meier Curves for Overall Survival in Study 205
 |
The efficacy of LENVIMA was evaluated in a randomized, open-label, multicenter, international study (REFLECT; NCT01761266) conducted in patients with previously untreated unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The study enrolled adults with Child-Pugh A and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Stage C or B HCC who were ineligible for local liver-directed therapy; had an ECOG PS of 0 or 1; had received no prior systemic therapy for HCC; and had at least one measurable target lesion according to modified RECIST for HCC.
Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive LENVIMA (12 mg for baseline body weight ≥60 kg or 8 mg for baseline body weight <60 kg) orally once daily or sorafenib 400 mg orally twice daily until radiological disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Randomization was stratified by region (Western vs Asia Pacific), presence of macroscopic portal vein invasion or extrahepatic spread (yes vs no), ECOG PS (0 vs 1), and body weight (<60 kg vs ≥60 kg). The major efficacy outcome measure was overall survival (OS). REFLECT was designed to show the non-inferiority of LENVIMA to sorafenib for OS. Additional efficacy outcome measures were progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) according to modified RECIST for HCC.
A total of 954 patients were randomized, 478 to the LENVIMA arm and 476 to the sorafenib arm. The demographics of the study population were: median age of 62 years (range: 20 to 88 years); 84% male; 69% Asian and 29% White; 63% ECOG PS of 0; and 69% weighed ≥60 kg. Of the 590 (62%) patients with at least one site of documented distant metastatic disease, 52% had lung metastasis, 45% had lymph node metastasis, and 16% had bone metastasis.
Macroscopic portal vein invasion, extra-hepatic spread, or both were present in 70% of patients. HCC was categorized as Child-Pugh A and BCLC Stage C in 79% and Child-Pugh A and BCLC Stage B in 21% of patients. Seventy-five percent (75%) of patients had radiographic evidence of cirrhosis at baseline. Investigator-documented primary risk factors for the development of HCC were hepatitis B (50%), hepatitis C (23%), alcohol use (6%), other (7%), and unknown (14%).
REFLECT demonstrated that LENVIMA was non-inferior to sorafenib for OS. REFLECT did not demonstrate a statistically significant improvement in OS for patients randomized to LENVIMA as compared to those in the sorafenib arm. LENVIMA was statistically significantly superior to sorafenib for PFS and ORR. Efficacy results are summarized in Table 18 and Figure 6.
Table 18: Efficacy Results in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in REFLECT
| LENVIMA N= 478 |
Sorafenib N=476 |
|
| Overall Survival | ||
| Number of deaths (%) | 351 (73) | 350 (74) |
| Median OS in months (95% CI) | 13.6 (12.1, 14.9) | 12.3 (10.4, 13.9) |
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI)a | 0.92 (0.79, 1.06) | |
| Progression-Free Survivalb (mRECIST) | ||
| Number of Events (%) | 311 (65) | 323 (68) |
| Median PFS in months (95% CI) | 7.3 (5.6, 7.5) | 3.6 (3.6, 3.7) |
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | 0.64 (0.55, 0.75) | |
| p-value | <0.001 | |
| Objective Response Rateb (mRECIST) | ||
| Objective response rate | 41% | 12% |
| Complete responses, n (%) | 10 (2.1) | 4 (0.8) |
| Partial responses, n (%) | 184 (38.5) | 55 (11.6) |
| 95% CI | (36%, 45%) | (10%, 16%) |
| p-value | <0.001 | |
| Progression-Free Survivalb (RECIST 1.1) | ||
| Number of Events (%) | 307 (64) | 320 (67) |
| Median PFS in months (95% CI) | 7.3 (5.6, 7.5) | 3.6 (3.6, 3.9) |
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | 0.65 (0.56, 0.77) | |
| Objective Response Rateb (RECIST 1.1) | ||
| Objective response rate | 19% | 7% |
| Complete responses, n (%) | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) |
| Partial responses, n (%) | 88 (18.4) | 30 (6.3) |
| 95% CI | (15%, 22%) | (4%, 9%) |
| CI = confidence interval; ECOG PS = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; HR = hazard ratio; OS = overall survival. a Based on stratified Cox-model. Non-inferiority margin for HR (LENVIMA vs sorafenib) is 1.08. b Per independent radiology review. |
||
Figure 6: Kaplan-Meier Curves for Overall Survival in REFLECT
 |
The efficacy of LENVIMA in combination with pembrolizumab was investigated in Study 309 (NCT03517449), a multicenter, open-label, randomized, active-controlled trial that enrolled 827 patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma who had been previously treated with at least one prior platinum-based chemotherapy regimen in any setting, including in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. Patients with endometrial sarcoma, including carcinosarcoma, or patients who had active autoimmune disease or a medical condition that required immunosuppression were ineligible. Patients with endometrial carcinoma that were pMMR (using the VENTANA MMR RxDx Panel test) or not MSI-H were stratified by ECOG performance status, geographic region, and history of pelvic radiation. Patients were randomized (1:1) to one of the following treatment arms:
Treatment with LENVIMA and pembrolizumab continued until RECIST v1.1-defined progression of disease as verified by BICR, unacceptable toxicity, or for pembrolizumab, a maximum of 24 months. Treatment was permitted beyond RECIST v1.1-defined disease progression if the treating investigator considered the patient to be deriving clinical benefit and the treatment was tolerated. Assessment of tumor status was performed every 8 weeks. The major efficacy outcome measures were OS and PFS as assessed by BICR according to RECIST v1.1, modified to follow a maximum of 10 target lesions and a maximum of 5 target lesions per organ. Additional efficacy outcome measures included ORR and DOR, as assessed by BICR.
Among the 697 pMMR or not MSI-H patients, 346 patients were randomized to LENVIMA in combination with pembrolizumab, and 351 patients were randomized to investigator’s choice of doxorubicin (n=254) or paclitaxel (n=97). The population characteristics of these patients were: median age of 65 years (range: 30 to 86), 52% age 65 or older; 62% White, 22% Asian, and 3% Black; 60% ECOG PS of 0 and 40% ECOG PS of 1. The histologic subtypes were endometrioid carcinoma (55%), serous (30%), clear cell carcinoma (7%), mixed (4%), and other (3%). All 697 of these patients received prior systemic therapy for endometrial carcinoma: 67% had one, 30% had two, and 3% had three or more prior systemic therapies. Thirty-seven percent of patients received only prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy.
Efficacy results for these patients are summarized in Table 19 and Figures 7 and 8.
Table 19: Efficacy Results in Endometrial Carcinoma in Study 309
| Endpoint | Endometrial Carcinoma (pMMR or not MSI-H) | |
| LENVIMA with pembrolizumab N=346 |
Doxorubicin or Paclitaxel N=351 |
|
| OS | ||
| Number (%) of patients with event | 165 (48%) | 203 (58%) |
| Median in months (95% CI) | 17.4 (14.2, 19.9) | 12.0 (10.8, 13.3) |
| Hazard ratioa (95% CI) | 0.68 (0.56, 0.84) | |
| p-valueb | 0.0001 | |
| PFSc | ||
| Number (%) of patients with event | 247 (71%) | 238 (68%) |
| Median in months (95% CI) | 6.6 (5.6, 7.4) | 3.8 (3.6, 5.0) |
| Hazard ratioa (95% CI) | 0.60 (0.50, 0.72) | |
| p-valueb | <0.0001 | |
| Objective Response Rate | ||
| ORRc (95% CI) | 30% (26, 36) | 15% (12,19) |
| Complete response | 5% | 3% |
| Partial response | 25% | 13% |
| p-valued | <0.0001 | |
| Duration of Response | N=105 | N=53 |
| Median in months (range) | 9.2 (1.6+, 23.7+) | 5.7 (0.0+, 24.2+) |
| a Based on the stratified Cox regression model b Based on stratified log-rank test c Per independent radiology review d Based on Miettinen and Nurminen method stratified by ECOG performance status, geographic region, and history of pelvic radiation |
||
Figure 7: Kaplan-Meier Curves for Overall Survival in Study 309 (pMMR or not MSI-H)
 |
Figure 8: Kaplan-Meier Curves for Progression-Free Survival in Study 309 (pMMR or not MSI-H)
 |
LENVIMA®
(lehn-veema)
(lenvatinib) capsules
What is LENVIMA?
LENVIMA is a prescription medicine that is used to treat people with certain kinds of cancer.
The safety and efficacy of LENVIMA have not been established in children.
Before you take LENVIMA, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you:
Females who are able to become pregnant:
Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
Especially tell your healthcare provider if you are taking, or have taken, an osteoporosis medicine.
Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of your medicines to show to your healthcare provider and pharmacist when you get a new medicine.
How should I take LENVIMA?
How to take LENVIMA by mouth if you cannot swallow whole capsules:
How to give LENVIMA through a feeding tube:
What are the possible side effects of LENVIMA?
LENVIMA may cause serious side effects, including:
The most common side effects of LENVIMA in people treated for thyroid cancer include:
The most common side effects of LENVIMA in people treated for kidney cancer in combination with everolimus include:
The most common side effects of LENVIMA in people treated for liver cancer include:
The most common side effects of LENVIMA when given in combination with pembrolizumab include:
LENVIMA may cause fertility problems in males and females. Talk to your healthcare provider if this is a concern for you.
Your healthcare provider may need to reduce your dose of LENVIMA, or delay or completely stop treatment, if you have certain side effects.
These are not all the possible side effects of LENVIMA.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
How should I store LENVIMA?
General information about the safe and effective use of LENVIMA.
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use LENVIMA for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give LENVIMA to other people, even if they have the same symptoms you have. It may harm them. You can ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist for information about LENVIMA that is written for health professionals.
What are the ingredients in LENVIMA?
Active ingredient: lenvatinib
Inactive ingredients: calcium carbonate, hydroxypropyl cellulose, low-substituted ydroxypropylcellulose, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, and talc.
The capsule shell contains: ferric oxide red, ferric oxide yellow, hypromellose, and titanium dioxide. The printing ink contains black iron oxide, potassium hydroxide, propylene glycol and shellac.
This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
