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HALAVEN®
(eribulin mesylate) Injection
HALAVEN contains eribulin mesylate, a microtubule dynamics inhibitor. Eribulin mesylate is a synthetic analogue of halichondrin B, a product isolated from the marine sponge Halichondria okadai. The chemical name for eribulin mesylate is 11,15:18,21:24,28Triepoxy-7,9-ethano-12,15-methano-9H,15H-furo[3,2-i]furo[2',3':5,6]pyrano[4,3-b][1,4]dioxacyclopentacosin-5(4H)-one, 2-[(2S)-3amino-2-hydroxypropyl]hexacosahydro-3-methoxy-26-methyl-20,27-bis(methylene)-, (2R,3R,3aS,7R,8aS,9S,10aR,11S,12R,13aR,13bS,15S,18S,21S,24S,26R,28R,29aS)-, methanesulfonate (salt). It has a molecular weight of 826.0 (729.9 for free base). The empirical formula is C40H59NO11 •CH4O3S. Eribulin mesylate has the following structural formula:
 |
HALAVEN is a clear, colorless, sterile solution for intravenous administration. Each vial contains 1 mg of eribulin mesylate as a 0.5 mg/mL solution in ethanol: water (5:95).
HALAVEN is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer who have previously received at least two chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of metastatic disease. Prior therapy should have included an anthracycline and a taxane in either the adjuvant or metastatic setting [see Clinical Studies].
HALAVEN is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic liposarcoma who have received a prior anthracycline-containing regimen [see Clinical Studies].
The recommended dose of HALAVEN is 1.4 mg/m² administered intravenously over 2 to 5 minutes on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle.
The recommended dose of HALAVEN in patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh A) is 1.1 mg/m² administered intravenously over 2 to 5 minutes on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle [see Use in Specific Populations].
The recommended dose of HALAVEN in patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B) is 0.7 mg/m² administered intravenously over 2 to 5 minutes on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle [see Use in Specific Populations].
The recommended dose of HALAVEN in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance (CLcr) 15-49 mL/min) is 1.1 mg/m² administered intravenously over 2 to 5 minutes on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle [see Use in Specific Populations].
Assess for peripheral neuropathy and obtain complete blood cell counts prior to each dose.
Table 1: Recommended Dose Reductions
| Event Description | Recommended HALAVEN Dose |
| Permanently reduce the 1.4 mg/m² HALAVEN dose for any of the following: | |
| ANC < 500/mm³ for > 7 days | 1.1 mg/m² |
| ANC < 1,000 /mm³ with fever or infection | |
| Platelets < 25,000/mm³ | |
| Platelets < 50,000/mm³ requiring transfusion | |
| Non-hematologic Grade 3 or 4 toxicities | |
| Omission or delay of Day 8 HALAVEN dose in previous cycle for toxicity | |
| Occurrence of any event requiring permanent dose reduction while receiving 1.1 mg/m² | 0.7 mg/m² |
| Occurrence of any event requiring permanent dose reduction while receiving 0.7 mg/m² | Discontinue HALAVEN |
| ANC = absolute neutrophil count. Toxicities graded in accordance with National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3.0. |
|
Aseptically withdraw the required amount of HALAVEN from the single-use vial and administer undiluted or diluted in 100 mL of 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP.
Do not dilute in or administer through an intravenous line containing solutions with dextrose. Do not administer in the same intravenous line concurrent with the other medicinal products.
Store undiluted HALAVEN in the syringe for up to 4 hours at room temperature or for up to 24 hours under refrigeration (40°F or/ 4°C). Store diluted solutions of HALAVEN for up to 4 hours at room temperature or up to 24 hours under refrigeration.
Discard unused portions of the vial.
Injection: 1 mg/2 mL (0.5 mg/mL).
NDC 62856-389-01
Injection: 1 mg/2 mL, in a single-use vial. One vial per carton.
Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15° - 30° C (59° -86° F). Do not freeze. Store the vials in their original cartons.
Distributed by: Eisai Inc. Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677. Revised: Oct 2016
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, the adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in other clinical trials and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.
The following adverse reactions are discussed in detail in other sections of the labeling:
In clinical trials, HALAVEN has been administered to 1963 patients including 467 patients exposed to HALAVEN for 6 months or longer. The majority of the 1963 patients were women (92%) with a median age of 55 years (range: 17 to 85 years). The racial and ethnic distribution was White (72%), Black (4%), Asian (9%), and other (3%).
The most common adverse reactions ( ≥ 25%) reported in patients receiving HALAVEN were neutropenia, anemia, asthenia/fatigue, alopecia, peripheral neuropathy, nausea, and constipation. The most common serious adverse reactions reported in patients receiving HALAVEN were febrile neutropenia (4%) and neutropenia (2%). The most common adverse reaction resulting in discontinuation of HALAVEN was peripheral neuropathy (5%).
The adverse reactions described in Table 2 were identified in 750 patients treated in Study 1 [see Clinical Studies]. In Study 1, patients were randomized (2:1) to receive either HALAVEN (1.4 mg/m² on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle) or single agent treatment chosen by their physician (control group). A total of 503 patients received HALAVEN and 247 patients in the control group received therapy consisting of chemotherapy [total 97% (anthracyclines 10%, capecitabine 18%, gemcitabine 19%, taxanes 15%, vinorelbine 25%, other chemotherapies 10%)] or hormonal therapy (3%). The median duration of exposure was 118 days for patients receiving HALAVEN and 63 days for patients receiving control therapy. Table 2 reports the most common adverse reactions occurring in at least 10% of patients in either group.
Table 2: Adverse Reactionsa with
a Per-Patient Incidence of at Least 10% in Study 1
| Adverse Reactions | HALAVEN n=503 |
Control Group n=247 |
||
| All Grades | ≥ Grade 3 | All Grades | ≥ Grade 3 | |
| Blood and lymphatic system disordersb | ||||
| Neutropenia | 82% | 57% | 53% | 23% |
| Anemia | 58% | 2% | 55% | 4% |
| Nervous system disorders | ||||
| Peripheral neuropathyc | 35% | 8% | 16% | 2% |
| Headache | 19% | < 1% | 12% | < 1% |
| General disorders | ||||
| Asthenia/Fatigue | 54% | 10% | 40% | 11% |
| Pyrexia | 21% | < 1% | 13% | < 1% |
| Mucosal inflammation | 9% | 1% | 10% | 2% |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | ||||
| Nausea | 35% | 1% | 28% | 3% |
| Constipation | 25% | 1% | 21% | 1% |
| Vomiting | 18% | 1% | 18% | 1% |
| Diarrhea | 18% | 0 | 18% | 0 |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | ||||
| Arthralgia/Myalgia | 22% | < 1% | 12% | 1% |
| Back pain | 16% | 1% | 7% | 2% |
| Bone pain | 12% | 2% | 9% | 2% |
| Pain in extremity | 11% | 1% | 10% | 1% |
| Metabolism and nutrition disorders | ||||
| Decreased weight | 21% | 1% | 14% | < 1% |
| Anorexia | 20% | 1% | 13% | 1% |
| Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders | ||||
| Dyspnea | 16% | 4% | 13% | 4% |
| Cough | 14% | 0 | 9% | 0 |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | ||||
| Alopecia | 45% | NAd | 10% | NAd |
| Infections | ||||
| Urinary Tract Infection | 10% | 1% | 5% | 0 |
| a adverse reactions were graded per National Cancer
Institute Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. b based upon laboratory data c includes peripheral neuropathy, peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, peripheral motor neuropathy, polyneuropathy, peripheral sensory neuropathy, and paraesthesia. d not applicable; (grading system does not specify > Grade 2 for alopecia). |
||||
Cytopenias: Grade 3 neutropenia occurred in 28% (143/503) of patients who received HALAVEN in Study 1, and 29% (144/503) of patients experienced Grade 4 neutropenia. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 5% (23/503) of patients; two patients (0.4%) died from complications of febrile neutropenia. Dose reduction due to neutropenia was required in 12% (62/503) of patients and discontinuation was required in < 1% of patients. The mean time to nadir was 13 days and the mean time to recovery from severe neutropenia ( < 500/mm³>) was 8 days. Grade 3 or greater thrombocytopenia occurred in 1% (7/503) of patients. G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) or GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) was used in 19% of patients who received HALAVEN.
Peripheral Neuropathy: In Study 1, 17 % of enrolled patients had Grade 1 peripheral neuropathy and 3% of patients had Grade 2 peripheral neuropathy at baseline. Dose reduction due to peripheral neuropathy was required by 3% (14/503) of patients who received HALAVEN. Four percent (20/503) of patients experienced peripheral motor neuropathy of any grade and 2% (8/503) of patients developed Grade 3 peripheral motor neuropathy.
Liver Function Test Abnormalities: Among patients with Grade 0 or 1 ALT levels at baseline, 18% of HALAVEN-treated patients experienced Grade 2 or greater ALT elevation. One HALAVEN-treated patient without documented liver metastases had concomitant Grade 2 elevations in bilirubin and ALT; these abnormalities resolved and did not recur with re-exposure to HALAVEN.
Less Common Adverse Reactions: The following additional adverse reactions were reported in ≥ 5% to < 10% of the HALAVEN-treated group:
The safety of HALAVEN was evaluated in Study 2, an open-label, randomized, multicenter, active-controlled trial, in which patients were randomized (1:1) to receive either HALAVEN 1.4 mg/m² on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle or dacarbazine at doses of 850 mg/m² (20%), 1000 mg/m² (64%), or 1200 mg/m² (16%) every 3 weeks. A total of 223 patients received HALAVEN and 221 patients received dacarbazine. Patients were required to have received at least two prior systemic chemotherapy regimens. The trial excluded patients with pre-existing ≥ Grade 3 peripheral neuropathy, known central nervous system metastasis, elevated serum bilirubin or significant chronic liver disease, history of myocardial infarction within 6 months, history of New York Heart Association Class II or IV heart failure, or cardiac arrhythmia requiring treatment. The median age of the safety population in Study 2 was 56
years (range: 24 to 83 years); 67% female; 73% White, 3% Black or African American, 8% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 15% unknown; 99% received prior anthracycline-containing regimen; and 99% received ≥ 2 prior regimens. The median duration of exposure was 2.3 months (range: 21 days to 26 months) for patients receiving HALAVEN [see Clinical Studies].
The most common adverse reactions ( ≥ 25%) reported in patients receiving HALAVEN were fatigue, nausea, alopecia, constipation, peripheral neuropathy, abdominal pain, and pyrexia. The most common ( ≥ 5%) Grade 3-4 laboratory abnormalities reported in patients receiving HALAVEN were neutropenia, hypokalemia, and hypocalcemia. The most common serious adverse reactions reported in patients receiving HALAVEN were neutropenia (4.9 %) and pyrexia (4.5%). Permanent discontinuation of HALAVEN for adverse reactions occurred in 8% of patients. The most common adverse reactions resulting in discontinuation of HALAVEN were fatigue and thrombocytopenia (0.9% each). Twenty-six percent of patients required at least one dose reduction. The most frequent adverse reactions that led to dose reduction were neutropenia (18%) and peripheral neuropathy (4.0%).
Table 3 summarizes the incidence of adverse reactions occurring in at least 10% of patients in the HALAVEN-treated arm in Study 2.
Table 3: Adverse Reactionsa Occurring in
≥ 10% (all Grades) of Patients Treated on the HALAVEN arm and at a Higher
Incidence than in the Dacarbazine Arm (Between Arm Difference of ≥ 5% for
All Grades or ≥ 2% for Grades 3 and 4) (Study 2)b
| Adverse Reaction | HALAVEN n=223 |
Dacarbazine n=221 |
||
| All Grades | Grades 3-4 | All Grades | Grades 3-4 | |
| Nervous system disorders | ||||
| Peripheral Neuropathyc | 29% | 3.1% | 8% | 0.5% |
| Headache | 18% | 0% | 10% | 0% |
| General disorders | ||||
| Pyrexia | 28% | 0.9% | 14% | 0.5% |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | ||||
| Constipation | 32% | 0.9% | 26% | 0.5% |
| Abdominal paind | 29% | 1.8% | 23% | 4.1% |
| Stomatitis | 14% | 0.9% | 5% | 0.5% |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | ||||
| Alopecia | 35% | NAe | 2.7% | NAe |
| Infections | ||||
| Urinary tract infection | 11% | 2.2% | 5% | 0.5% |
| a Adverse reactions were graded per National
Cancer Institute Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03 (NCI CTCAE v4.03). b Safety data from one study site enrolling six patients were excluded. cIncludes peripheral neuropathy, peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, peripheral motor neuropathy, polyneuropathy, peripheral sensory neuropathy, and paraesthesia d Includes abdominal pain, upper abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain, abdominal discomfort e Not applicable; (grading system does not specify > Grade 2 for alopecia) |
||||
Other clinically important adverse reactions occurring in ≥ 10% of the HALAVEN-treated patients were:
Less Common Adverse Reactions: The following additional clinically important adverse reactions were reported in ≥ 5% to < 10% of the HALAVEN-treated group:
Table 4: Laboratory Abnormalities Occurring in
≥ 10% (all Grades) of Patients Treated on the HALAVEN arm and at a Higher
Incidence than in the Dacarbazine Arm (Between Arm Difference of ≥ 5%
forAll Grades or ≥ 2% for Grades 3 and 4)a (Study 2)†
| Laboratory Abnormality | Halaven | Dacarbazine | ||
| All Grades | Grades 3 - 4 | All Grades | Grades 3 - 4 | |
| Hematology | ||||
| Anemia | 70% | 4.1% | 52% | 6% |
| Neutropenia | 63% | 32% | 30% | 8.9% |
| Chemistry | ||||
| Increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) | 43% | 2.3% | 28% | 2.3% |
| Increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) | 36% | 0.9% | 16% | 0.5% |
| Hypokalemia | 30% | 5.4% | 14% | 2.8% |
| Hypocalcemia | 28% | 5% | 18% | 1.4% |
| Hypophosphatemia | 20% | 3.2% | 11% | 1.4% |
| aEach test incidence is based on the number of
patients who had both baseline and at least one on-study measurement and at
least 1 grade increase from baseline.Halaven group (range 221-222) and
dacarbazine group (range 214-215) †Laboratory results were graded per NCI CTCAE v4.03. |
||||
The following adverse drug reactions have been identified during post-approval of HALAVEN. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
No drug-drug interactions are expected with CYP3A4 inhibitors, CYP3A4 inducers or P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors. Clinically meaningful differences in exposure (AUC) were not observed in patients with advanced solid tumors when HALAVEN was administered with or without ketoconazole (a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4 and a P-gp inhibitor) and when HALAVEN was administered with or without rifampin (a CYP3A4 inducer) [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
Eribulin does not inhibit CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 or CYP3A4 enzymes or induce CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 or CYP3A4 enzymes at relevant clinical concentrations. Eribulin is not expected to alter the plasma concentrations of drugs that are substrates of these enzymes [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.
In Study 1, severe neutropenia (ANC < 500/mm³>) lasting more than one week occurred in 12% (62/503) of patients with metastatic breast cancer, leading to discontinuation in < 1% of patients. Febrile neutropenia (fever ≥ 38.5°C with Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia) occurred in 5% (23/503) of patients; two patients (0.4%) died from complications of febrile neutropenia [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
In Study 1, patients with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) > 3 x ULN (upper limit of normal) experienced a higher incidence of Grade 4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia than patients with normal aminotransferase levels. Patients with bilirubin > 1.5 x ULN also had a higher incidence of Grade 4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia.
In Study 2, severe neutropenia (ANC < 500/mm³>) lasting more than one week occurred in 12% (26/222) of patients with liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 0.9% of patients treated with HALAVEN and fatal neutropenic sepsis in 0.9% [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].
Monitor complete blood counts prior to each dose; increase the frequency of monitoring in patients who develop Grade 3 or 4 cytopenias. Delay administration of HALAVEN and reduce subsequent doses in patients who experience febrile neutropenia or Grade 4 neutropenia lasting longer than 7 days [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. Clinical studies of HALAVEN did not include patients with baseline neutrophil counts below 1,500/mm³ .
In Study 1, Grade 3 peripheral neuropathy occurred in 8% (40/503) of patients, and Grade 4 in 0.4% (2/503) of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Peripheral neuropathy was the most common toxicity leading to discontinuation of HALAVEN (5% of patients; 24/503) in Study 1. Neuropathy lasting more than one year occurred in 5% (26/503) of patients. Twenty-two percent (109/503) of patients developed a new or worsening neuropathy that had not recovered within a median follow-up duration of 269 days (range 25-662 days).
In Study 2, Grade 3 peripheral neuropathy occurred in 3.1% (7/223) of HALAVEN-treated patients. Peripheral neuropathy led to discontinuation of HALAVEN in 0.9% of patients. The median time to first occurrence of peripheral neuropathy of any severity was 5 months (range: 3.5 months to 9 months). Neuropathy lasting more than 60 days occurred in 58% (38/65) of patients. Sixty three percent (41/65) had not recovered within a median follow-up duration of 6.4 months (range: 27 days to 29 months).
Monitor patients closely for signs of peripheral motor and sensory neuropathy. Withhold HALAVEN in patients who experience Grade 3 or 4 peripheral neuropathy, until resolution to Grade 2 or less [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Based on findings from an animal reproduction study and its mechanism of action, HALAVEN can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of HALAVEN in pregnant women. In animal reproduction studies, eribulin mesylate caused embryo-fetal toxicity when administered to pregnant rats during organogenesis at doses below the recommended human dose. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with HALAVEN and for at least 2 weeks following the final dose. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with HALAVEN and for 3.5 months following the final dose [see Use in Specific Populations].
In an uncontrolled open-label ECG study in 26 patients, QT prolongation was observed on Day 8, independent of eribulin concentration, with no QT prolongation observed on Day 1. ECG monitoring is recommended if therapy is initiated in patients with congestive heart failure, bradyarrhythmias, drugs known to prolong the QT interval, including Class Ia and III antiarrhythmics, and electrolyte abnormalities. Correct hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia prior to initiating HALAVEN and monitor these electrolytes periodically during therapy. Avoid HALAVEN in patients with congenital long QT syndrome.
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (PATIENT INFORMATION).
Advise patients to contact their health care provider for a fever of 100.5°F or greater or other signs or symptoms of infection such as chills, cough, or burning or pain on urination [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients to inform their healthcare providers of new or worsening numbness, tingling and pain in their extremities [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with HALAVEN and for 2 weeks after the final dose [see Use in Specific Populations]
Carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted with eribulin mesylate. Eribulin mesylate was not mutagenic in in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assays (Ames test). Eribulin mesylate was positive in mouse lymphoma mutagenesis assays, and was clastogenic in an in vivo rat bone marrow micronucleus assay.
Fertility studies have not been conducted with eribulin mesylate in humans or animals; however, nonclinical findings in repeat-dose dog and rat toxicology studies suggest that male fertility may be compromised by treatment with eribulin mesylate. Rats exhibited testicular toxicity (hypocellularity of seminiferous epithelium with hypospermia/aspermia) following dosing with eribulin mesylate at or above 0.43 times the recommended human dose (based on body surface area) given once weekly for 3 weeks, or at or above 0.21 times the recommended human dose (based on body surface area) given once weekly for 3 out of 5 weeks, repeated for 6 cycles. Testicular toxicity was also observed in dogs given 0.64 times the recommended human dose (based on body surface area) weekly for 3 out of 5 weeks, repeated for 6 cycles.
Based on findings from an animal reproduction study and its mechanism of action, HALAVEN can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. There are no available data on the use of HALAVEN during pregnancy. In an animal reproduction study, eribulin mesylate caused embryo-fetal toxicity when administered to pregnant rats during organogenesis at doses below the recommended human dose [see Data]. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus.
The estimated background risks of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations are unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically-recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.
Animal Data
In an embryo-fetal developmental toxicity study, pregnant rats received intravenous infusion of eribulin mesylate during organogenesis (Gestation Days 8, 10, and 12) at doses approximately 0.04, 0.13, 0.43 and 0.64 times the recommended human dose, based on body surface area. Increased abortion and severe fetal external or soft tissue malformations, including the absence of a lower jaw and tongue, or stomach and spleen, were observed at doses 0.64 times the recommended human dose of 1.4 mg/m² based on body surface area. Increased embryo-fetal death/resorption, reduced fetal weights, and minor skeletal anomalies consistent with developmental delay were also reported at doses at or above a maternally toxic dose of approximately 0.43 times the recommended human dose.
There is no information regarding the presence of eribulin mesylate or its metabolites in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. No lactation studies in animals were conducted. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants from eribulin mesylate, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with HALAVEN and for 2 weeks after the final dose.
Females
Based on findings from an animal reproduction study and its mechanism of action, HALAVEN can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations]. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with HALAVEN and for at least 2 weeks following the final dose.
Males
Based on its mechanism of action, advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with HALAVEN and for 3.5 months following the final dose.
Males
Based on animal data, HALAVEN may result in damage to male reproductive tissues leading to impaired fertility of unknown duration [see Nonclinical Toxicology].
The safety and effectiveness of HALAVEN in pediatric patients below the age of 18 years have not been established.
Study 1 did not include sufficient numbers of subjects with metastatic breast cancer aged 65 years and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Of the 827 subjects who received the recommended dose and schedule of HALAVEN in clinical studies with advanced breast cancer, 15% (121/827) were 65 and older and 2% (17/827) patients were 75 and older. No overall differences in safety were observed between these subjects and younger subjects.
Clinical studies of HALAVEN did not include a sufficient number of subjects in Study 2 aged 65 years and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.
Administration of HALAVEN at a dose of 1.1 mg/m² to patients with mild hepatic impairment and 0.7 mg/m² to patients with moderate hepatic impairment resulted in similar exposure to eribulin as a dose of 1.4 mg/m² to patients with normal hepatic function. Therefore, a lower starting dose of 1.1 mg/m² is recommended for patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh A) and of 0.7 mg/m² is recommended for patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B). HALAVEN was not studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C) [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
For patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (CLcr 15-49 mL/min), reduce the starting dose to 1.1 mg/m² [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
Overdosage of HALAVEN has been reported at approximately 4 times the recommended dose, which resulted in Grade 3 neutropenia lasting seven days and a Grade 3 hypersensitivity reaction lasting one day.
There is no known antidote for HALAVEN overdose.
None.
Eribulin inhibits the growth phase of microtubules without affecting the shortening phase and sequesters tubulin into nonproductive aggregates. Eribulin exerts its effects via a tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism leading to G 2/M cell-cycle block, disruption of mitotic spindles, and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death after prolonged mitotic blockage.
In addition, eribulin treatment of human breast cancer cells caused changes in morphology and gene expression as well as decreased migration and invasiveness in vitro. In mouse xenograft models of human breast cancer, eribulin treatment was associated with increased vascular perfusion and permeability in the tumor cores, resulting in reduced tumor hypoxia, and changes in the expression of genes in tumor specimens associated with a change in phenotype.
The effect of HALAVEN on the QTc interval was assessed in an open-label, uncontrolled, multicenter, single-arm dedicated QT trial. A total of 26 patients with solid tumors received 1.4 mg/m² of HALAVEN on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. A delayed QTc prolongation was observed on Day 8, with no prolongation observed on Day 1. The maximum mean QTcF change from baseline (95% upper confidence interval) was 11.4 (19.5) ms.
The pharmacokinetics (PK) of eribulin is linear with a mean elimination half-life of approximately 40 hours, a mean volume of distribution of 43 L/m² to 114 L/m² and mean clearance of 1.16 L/hr/m² to 2.42 L/hr/m² over the dose range of 0.25 mg/m² to 4.0 mg/m² . The human plasma protein binding of eribulin at concentrations of 100 ng/mL to 1,000 ng/mL ranges from 49% to 65%. Eribulin exposure after multiple dosing is comparable to that following a single dose. No accumulation of eribulin is observed with weekly administration.
Metabolism
Unchanged eribulin was the major circulating species in plasma following administration of 14C-eribulin to patients. Metabolite concentrations represented < 0.6% of parent compound, confirming that there are no major human metabolites of eribulin. Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) negligibly metabolizes eribulin in vitro.
Excretion
Eribulin is eliminated primarily in feces unchanged. After administration of 14C-eribulin to patients, approximately 82% of the dose was eliminated in feces and 9% in urine. Unchanged eribulin accounted for approximately 88% and 91% of total eribulin in feces and urine, respectively.
Based on a population pharmacokinetic analysis with data collected from 340 patients, sex, race, and age do not have a clinically meaningful effect on the exposure of eribulin.
In a study evaluating the effect of hepatic impairment on the PK of eribulin, eribulin exposures increased by 1.8-fold in patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh A; n=7) and by 2.5-fold in patients with moderate (Child-Pugh B; n=5) hepatic impairment as compared to patients with normal hepatic function (n=6). Administration of HALAVEN at a dose of 1.1 mg/m² to patients with mild hepatic impairment and 0.7 mg/m² to patients with moderate hepatic impairment resulted in similar exposure to eribulin at a dose of 1.4 mg/m² to patients with normal hepatic function [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, Use in Specific Populations].
In a study evaluating the effect of renal impairment on the PK of eribulin, patients with moderate (CLcr 30-49 mL/min; n=7) and severe renal impairment (CLcr 15-29 mL/min; n=6) had 1.5-fold higher eribulin dose-normalized exposures compared to that in patients with normal renal function (CLcr ≥ 80 mL/min; n=6). There were no clinically meaningful changes in patients with mild renal impairment (CLcr 50-79 mL/min; n=27) [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, Use in Specific Populations].
Effect of Strong Inhibitors or Inducers of CYP3A4 on Eribulin: The effect of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor and a P-gp inhibitor, ketoconazole, on the PK of eribulin was studied in a crossover trial of 12 patients with advanced solid tumors. No clinically relevant PK interaction was observed when HALAVEN was administered with or without ketoconazole (the geometric mean ratio of the AUC: 0.97; 90% CI: 0.83, 1.12).
The effect of a CYP3A4 inducer, rifampin, on the PK of eribulin was studied in a crossover trial of 14 patients with advanced solid tumors. No clinically relevant PK interaction was observed when HALAVEN was administered with or without rifampin (the geometric mean ratio of the AUC: 1.10; 90 CI%: 0.91, 1.34).
Effect of Eribulin on CYP Substrates: Eribulin shows no induction potential for CYP1A, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A in primary human hepatocytes. Eribulin inhibits CYP3A4 activity in human liver microsomes, but it is unlikely that eribulin will substantially increase the plasma levels of CYP3A4 substrates. No significant inhibition of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, or CYP2E1 was detected with eribulin concentrations up to 5 μM in pooled human liver microsomes. In vitro drug interaction studies indicate that eribulin does not inhibit drugs that are substrates of these enzymes and it is unlikely that eribulin will affect plasma levels of drugs that are substrates of CYP enzymes.
Effect of Transporters on Eribulin: In vitro data suggest that eribulin at clinically relevant concentrations is a substrate of P-gp, but is not a substrate of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), multidrug resistance proteins (MRP2, MRP4), bile salt extrusion pump (BSEP), organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP1B1, OATP1B3), organic anion transporters (OAT1, OAT3), organic cation transporters (OCT1, OCT2), or multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1).
Effect of Eribulin on Transporters: In vitro data suggest that eribulin at clinically relevant concentrations may inhibit P-gp, but does not inhibit BCRP, OATP1B1, OCT1, OAT1, OAT3, or MATE1.
Study 1 was an open-label, randomized, multicenter trial of 762 patients with metastatic breast cancer who received at least two chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of metastatic disease and experienced disease progression within 6 months of their last chemotherapeutic regimen. Patients were required to receive prior anthracycline-and taxane-based chemotherapy for adjuvant or metastatic disease. Patients were randomized (2:1) to receive HALAVEN (n=508) or a single agent therapy selected prior to randomization (control arm, n=254). Randomization was stratified by geographic region, HER2/neu status, and prior capecitabine exposure. HALAVEN was administered at a dose of 1.4 mg/m² on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. HALAVEN-treated patients received a median of 5 cycles (range: 1 to 23 cycles) of therapy. Control arm therapy consisted of 97% chemotherapy (26% vinorelbine, 18% gemcitabine, 18% capecitabine, 16% taxane, 9% anthracycline, 10% other chemotherapy), and 3% hormonal therapy. The main efficacy outcome was overall survival.
Patient demographic and baseline characteristics were comparable between the treatment arms. The median age was 55 (range: 27 to 85 years) and 92% were White. Sixty-four percent of patients were enrolled in North America/Western Europe/Australia, 25% in Eastern Europe/Russia, and 11% in Latin America/South Africa. Ninety-one percent of patients had a baseline ECOG performance status of 0 or 1. Tumor prognostic characteristics, including estrogen receptor status (positive: 67%, negative: 28%), progesterone receptor status (positive: 49%, negative: 39%), HER2/neu receptor status (positive: 16%, negative: 74%), triple negative status (ER, PR-, HER2/neu -: 19%), presence of visceral disease (82%, including 60% liver and 38% lung) and bone disease (61%), and number of sites of metastases (greater than two: 50%), were also similar in the HALAVEN and control arms. Patients received a median of four prior chemotherapy regimens in both arms.
In Study 1, a statistically significant improvement in overall survival was observed in patients randomized to the HALAVEN arm compared to the control arm (see Table 5). An updated, unplanned survival analysis, conducted when 77% of events had been observed (see Figure 1), was consistent with the primary analysis. In patients randomized to HALAVEN, the objective response rate by the RECIST criteria was 11% (95% CI: 8.6%, 14.3%) and the median response duration was 4.2 months (95% CI: 3.8, 5.0 months).
Table 5: Comparison of Overall Survival in HALAVEN and
Control Arm -Study 1
| Overall Survival | HALAVEN (n=508) |
Control Arm (n=254) |
| Primary survival analysis | ||
| Number of deaths | 274 | 148 |
| Median, months (95% CI) | 13.1 (11.8, 14.3) | 10.6 (9.3, 12.5) |
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI)a | 0.81 (0.66, 0.99) | |
| P valueb | 0.041 | |
| Updated survival analysis | ||
| Number of deaths | 386 | 203 |
| Median, months (95% CI) | 13.2 (12.1, 14.4) | 10.6 (9.2, 12.0) |
| CI = confidence interval a Based on Cox proportional hazards model stratified by geographic region, HER2 status, and prior capecitabine therapy. b Based on a log-rank test stratified by geographic region, HER2 status, and prior capecitabine therapy. |
||
Figure 1: Updated Overall
Survival Analysis for Study 1
 |
The efficacy and safety of HALAVEN were evaluated in Study 2, an open-label, randomized (1:1), multicenter, active-controlled trial. Eligible patients were required to have unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma, at least two prior systemic chemotherapies (one of which must have included an anthracycline), and disease progression within 6 months of the most recent chemotherapy regimen. Patients were randomized to HALAVEN 1.4 mg/m² administered intravenously on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle or to dacarbazine at a dose of 850 mg/m², 1000 mg/m², or 1200 mg/m² administered intravenously every 21 days (dacarbazine dose was selected by the investigator prior to randomization). Treatment continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Randomization was stratified by histology (liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma), number of prior therapies (2 vs. > 2), and geographic region (U.S. and Canada vs. Western Europe, Australia, and Israel vs. Eastern Europe, Latin America, and Asia). The major efficacy outcome measure was overall survival (OS). Additional efficacy outcome measures were progression-free survival (PFS) and confirmed objective response rate (ORR) as assessed by the investigator according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST v1.1). Patients in the dacarbazine arm were not offered HALAVEN at the time of disease progression.
A total of 446 patients were randomized, 225 to the HALAVEN arm and 221 to the dacarbazine arm. The median age was 56 years (range: 24 to 83); 33% were male; 73% were White; 44% had ECOG performance status (PS) 0 and 53% had ECOG PS 1; 68% had leiomyosarcoma and 32% had liposarcoma; 39% were enrolled in U.S. and Canada (Region 1) and 46% were enrolled in Western Europe, Australia, and Israel (Region 2); and 47% received more than two prior systemic chemotherapies. The most common ( > 40%) prior systemic chemotherapies were doxorubicin (90%), ifosfamide (62%), gemcitabine (59%), trabectedin (50%), and docetaxel (48%).
Of the 143 patients with liposarcoma, the median age was 55 years (range: 32 to 83); 62% were male, 72% were White; 41% had ECOG PS of 0 and 53% had ECOG PS of 1; 35% were enrolled in Region 1 and 51% were enrolled in Region 2; and 44% received more than two prior systemic chemotherapies. The distribution of subtypes of liposarcoma, based on local histologic assessment, were 45% dedifferentiated, 37% myxoid/round cell, and 18% pleomorphic.
Study 2 demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in OS in patients randomized to HALAVEN compared with dacarbazine (see Table 6). There was no significant difference in progression-free survival in the overall population. Treatment effects of HALAVEN were limited to patients with liposarcoma based on pre-planned, exploratory subgroup analyses of OS and PFS (see Tables 6 and 7 and Figure 2). There was no evidence of efficacy of HALAVEN in patients with advanced or metastatic leiomyosarcoma in Study 2 (see Table 7).
Table 6: Efficacy Results for the Liposarcoma Stratum
and All Patients* in Study 2a
| Liposarcoma Stratum | All Patients* | ||||
| Halaven (n=71) |
Dacarbazine (n=72) |
Halaven (n=225) |
Dacarbazine (n=221) |
||
| Overall survival | |||||
| Deaths, n (%) | 52 (73) | 63 (88) | 173 (77) | 179 (81) | |
| Median, months | 15.6 | 8.4 | 13.5 | 11.3 | |
| (95% CI) | (10.2, 18.6) | (5.2, 10.1) | (11.1, 16.5) | (9.5, 12.6) | |
| Hazard ratio (HR) | 0.51 | 0.75 | |||
| (95% CI) | (0.35, 0.75) | (0.61, 0.94) | |||
| Stratified log-rank p value | N/A† | 0.011 | |||
| Progression-free survival | |||||
| Events, n (%) | 57 (80) | 59 (82) | 194 (86) | 185 (84) | |
| Disease progression | 53 | 52 | 180 | 170 | |
| Death | 4 | 7 | 14 | 15 | |
| Median, months | 2.9 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | |
| (95% CI) | (2.6, 4.8) | (1.4, 2.6) | (2.0, 2.8) | (1.7, 2.7) | |
| HR | 0.52 | 0.86 | |||
| (95% CI) | (0.35, 0.78) | (0.69, 1.06) | |||
| Objective response rate | |||||
| Objective response rate (%) | 1.4 | 0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | |
| (95% CI) | (0, 7.6) | (0, 4.2) | (1.8, 7.5) | (2.5, 8.7) | |
| a Efficacy data from one study site enrolling
six patients were excluded. *All patients = liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. † N/A = not applicable |
|||||
Figure 2: Kaplan-Meier
Curves of Overall Survival in the Liposarcoma Stratum in Study 2
 |
Table 7: Efficacy Results for the Leiomyosarcoma
Stratum in Study 2a
| Leiomyosarcoma Stratum | ||
| Halaven (n=154) |
Dacarbazine (n=149) |
|
| Overall survival | ||
| Deaths, n (%) | 121 (79) | 116 (78) |
| Median, months | 12.8 | 12.3 |
| (95% CI) | (10.3, 14.8) | (11.0, 15.1) |
| HR (95% CI) | 0.90 (0.69, 1.18) | |
| Progression-free survival | ||
| Events, n (%) | 137 (89) | 126 (85) |
| Disease progression | 127 | 118 |
| Death | 10 | 8 |
| Median, months | 2.2 | 2.6 |
| (95% CI) | (1.5, 2.7) | (2.2, 2.9) |
| HR (95% CI) | 1.05 (0.81, 1.35) | |
| Objective response rate (%) | 5.2 | 7.4 |
| (95% CI) | (2.3, 10) | (3.7, 12.8) |
| a Efficacy data from one study site enrolling six patients were excluded. | ||
HALAVEN®
(HAL-ih-ven)
(Eribulin Mesylate) Injection, For Intravenous Use
What is the most important information I should know about HALAVEN?
HALAVEN can cause serious side effects, including:
See “What are possible side effects of HALAVEN?” for more information about side effects.
What is HALAVEN?
HALAVEN is a prescription medicine used to treat people with:
It is not known if HALAVEN is safe and effective in children under 18 years of age.
Before you receive HALAVEN, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you:
Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
How will I receive HALAVEN?
What are the possible side effects of HALAVEN?
HALAVEN may cause serious side effects, including:
The most common side effects of HALAVEN in people with breast cancer include:
The most common side effects of HALAVEN in people with liposarcoma include:
Your healthcare provider will do blood tests before and during treatment while you are taking HALAVEN. The most common changes to blood tests in people with liposarcoma include:
Tell your healthcare provider about any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of HALAVEN. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
General information about HALAVEN
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about HALAVEN that is written for health professionals.
What are the ingredients in HALAVEN?
Active Ingredient: eribulin mesylate
Inactive Ingredients: ethanol, water
