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EVEKEO ODT
(amphetamine sulfate) Orally Disintegrating Tablets, CII
WARNING
ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE
CNS stimulants, including EVEKEO ODT, other amphetamine-containing products, and methylphenidate, have a high potential for abuse and dependence. Assess the risk of abuse prior to prescribing and monitor for signs of abuse and dependence while on therapy [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, and Drug Abuse And Dependence].
EVEKEO ODT orally disintegrating tablets contain amphetamine sulfate, a CNS stimulant, as a 1 to 1 ratio of dextroamphetamine sulfate and levoamphetamine sulfate (d- and l-amphetamine sulfate). Amphetamine sulfate is a white, odorless crystalline powder. It has a slightly bitter taste. Its solutions are acid to litmus, having a pH of 5 to 8. It is freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in ether.
Structural Formula:
 |
Each EVEKEO ODT tablet contains 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, or 20 mg of racemic amphetamine sulfate. Each tablet also contains the following inactive ingredients: amino methacrylate copolymer, citric acid, crospovidone, ethylcellulose, dibutyl sebacate, magnesium stearate, malic acid, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, and sucralose.
EVEKEO ODT is indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in pediatric patients 6 to 17 years of age [see Clinical Studies].
Prior to treating patients with EVEKEO ODT, assess for the presence of cardiac disease (i.e., perform a careful history, family history of sudden death or ventricular arrhythmia, and physical exam) [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Assess the risk of abuse prior to prescribing and monitor for signs of abuse and dependence while on therapy. Maintain careful prescription records, educate patients about abuse, monitor for signs of abuse and overdose, and periodically re-evaluate the need for EVEKEO ODT use [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, and Drug Abuse And Dependence].
Administer EVEKEO ODT orally in the morning with or without food or liquid.
The recommended starting dose of EVEKEO ODT for patients 6 to 17 years of age is 5 mg once or twice daily. If necessary, administer an additional dose after 4 to 6 hours. Titrate the dosage in increments of 5 mg at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained. Only in rare cases will it be necessary to exceed a total of 40 mg daily.
Where possible, drug administration should be interrupted occasionally to determine if there is a recurrence of behavioral symptoms sufficient to require continued therapy.
Amphetamine should be administered at the lowest effective dosage and dosage should be individually adjusted.
Instruct the patient or caregiver on the following administration instructions:
Switching from EVEKEO to EVEKEO ODT can be done on a milligram-per-milligram basis.
When switching from other amphetamine products, discontinue treatment and titrate with EVEKEO ODT using the titration schedule above. Do not substitute for other amphetamine products on a milligram-per-milligram basis because of different amphetamine salt compositions and differing pharmacokinetic profiles [see DESCRIPTION, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
Agents that alter urinary pH can impact urinary excretion and alter blood levels of amphetamine. Acidifying agents (e.g., ascorbic acid) decrease blood levels, while alkalinizing agents (e.g., sodium bicarbonate) increase blood levels. Adjust EVEKEO ODT dosage accordingly [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].
EVEKEO ODT (amphetamine sulfate) orally disintegrating tablets are supplied as follows:
EVEKEO ODT is supplied as follows:
5 mg: white to off-white, round, flat-faced radius-edged tablet with “5” on one side and “EVI” on the other
NDC 24338-031-30: One blister card of 30-count 5 mg
strength tablets within a plastic sleeve
NDC 24338-031-01: Carton containing one plastic sleeve.
10 mg: white to off-white, round, flat-faced radius-edged tablet with “10” on one side and “EVI” on the other
NDC 24338-033-30: One blister card of 30-count 10 mg
strength tablets within a plastic sleeve
NDC 24338-033-01: Carton containing one plastic sleeve
15 mg: white to off-white, round, flat-faced radius-edged tablet with “15” on one side and “EVI” on the other
NDC 24338-035-30: One blister card of 30-count 15 mg
strength tablets within a plastic sleeve
NDC 24338-035-01: Carton containing one plastic sleeve
20 mg: white to off-white, round, flat-faced radius-edged tablet with “20” on one side and “EVI” on the other
NDC 24338-037-15: One blister card of 15-count 20 mg
strength tablets within a plastic sleeve
NDC 24338-037-02: Carton containing two 15-count plastic
sleeves
Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C -30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Store EVEKEO ODT blister packages in the provided plastic sleeve.
Comply with local laws and regulations on drug disposal of CNS stimulants. Dispose of remaining, unused, or expired EVEKEO ODT at authorized collection sites such as retail pharmacies, hospital or clinic pharmacies, and law enforcement locations. If no take-back program or authorized collector is available, mix EVEKEO ODT with an undesirable, nontoxic substance to make it less appealing to children and pets. Place the mixture in a container such as a sealed plastic bag and discard EVEKEO ODT in the household trash.
Manufactured for: Arbor® Pharmaceuticals, LLC Atlanta, GA 30328. Revised: Jan 2019
The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling:
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.
Study 1 was conducted with EVEKEO tablets (i.e., not the ODT formulation) in children ages 6 to 12 years who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for ADHD. This study began with an 8-week, open-label, dose-optimization phase followed by a 2-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover phase. Adverse reactions reported in > 5% of patients (N=105; doses of 10 to 40 mg/day) during the open-label phase included: decreased appetite (28%), infections (22%), abdominal pain (15%), irritability (14%), headache (13%), nausea (6%), vomiting (6%), affect lability (includes mood swings; 9%), tachycardia (9%), insomnia (10%), fatigue (10%),and dry mouth (6%). During the open-label phase, six patients discontinued due to adverse reactions: irritability (n=3), affect lability (n=1), initial insomnia (n=1), and rash (n=1).
Table 1 lists the adverse reactions reported during the double-blind, cross-over phase. No patient discontinued the study for an adverse reaction during the double-blind crossover phase. Because of the trial design (an initial 8-week, open-label, active treatment phase), the adverse reaction rates described in the double-blind phase are lower than expected in clinical practice.
Table 1: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 2%, and
> Placebo, of EVEKEO -Treated Pediatric Patients (6 to 12 Years) During the
Double-Blind Cross-Over Weeks.a
| System Organ Class Preferred Term |
EVEKEO (n= 97) |
Placebo (n= 97) |
| Subjects with at least one adverse event | 22% | 14% |
| Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders | ||
| Decreased appetite | 4% | 0% |
| Gastrointestinal Disorders | ||
| Abdominal pain | 3% | 0% |
| Psychiatric Disorders | ||
| Affect Labilityb | 3% | 0% |
| Insomnia | 4% | 0% |
| Injury, poisoning and procedural complications | ||
| Injury | 3% | 2% |
| aDrug exposures and placebo exposures from
cross-over were combined for analysis. b Includes mood swings. |
||
The following adverse reactions have been associated during post approval use of amphetamines. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Palpitations, tachycardia, elevation of blood pressure, sudden death, myocardial infarction. There have been isolated reports of cardiomyopathy associated with chronic amphetamine use.
Psychotic episodes at recommended doses, overstimulation, irritability, restlessness, dizziness, insomnia, euphoria, mood swings, aggression, anger, logorrhea, dermatillomania, dyskinesia, dysphoria, tremor, fatigue, headache, exacerbation of motor and phonic tics and Tourette's syndrome
Dry mouth, unpleasant taste, constipation, nausea, other gastrointestinal disturbances, anorexia, and weight loss.
Urticaria, rash, hypersensitivity reactions, including angioedema and anaphylaxis. Serious skin rashes, including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis have been reported.
Impotence, changes in libido, and frequent or prolonged erections.
Alopecia.
Raynaud's phenomenon.
Rhabdomyolysis.
Table 2: Drugs Having Clinically Important
Interactions with Amphetamines
| MAO Inhibitors (MAOI) | |
| Clinical Impact | MAOI antidepressants slow amphetamine metabolism, increasing amphetamines effect on the release of norepinephrine and other monoamines from adrenergic nerve endings causing headaches and other signs of hypertensive crisis. Toxic neurological effects and malignant hyperpyrexia can occur, sometimes with fatal results. |
| Intervention | Do not administer EVEKEO ODT during or within 14 days following the administration of MAOI [see CONTRAINDICATIONS]. |
| Examples | selegiline, isocarboxazid, phenelzine, tranylcypromine, linezolid, methylene blue |
| Serotonergic Drugs | |
| Clinical Impact | The concomitant use of EVEKDO ODT and serotonergic drugs increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. |
| Intervention | Initiate with lower doses and monitor patients for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome, particularly during EVEKEO ODT initiation or dosage increase. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue EVEKEO ODT and concomitant serotonergic drug(s) [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. |
| Examples | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, tryptophan, buspirone, St. John's Wort |
| Alkalinizing Agents | |
| Clinical Impact | May increase exposure to amphetamine and exacerbate the action of amphetamine. |
| Intervention | Caution should be taken when co-administering EVEKEO ODT and gastrointestinal and urinary alkalinizing agents. |
| Examples | Gastrointestinal alkalinizing agents (e.g., sodium bicarbonate; proton pump inhibitors [e.g. omeprazole]) Urinary alkalinizing agents (e.g. acetazolamide, some thiazides) |
| Acidifying Agents | |
| Clinical Impact | Lower blood levels and efficacy of amphetamines. |
| Intervention | Increase dose of EVEKEO ODT based on clinical response. |
| Examples | Gastrointestinal acidifying agents (e.g., guanethidine, reserpine, glutamic acid HCl, ascorbic acid) Urinary acidifying agents (e.g., ammonium chloride, sodium acid phosphate, methenamine salts) |
| Tricyclic Antidepressants | |
| Clinical Impact | May enhance the activity of tricyclic or sympathomimetic agents causing sustained increases in the concentration of d- amphetamine in the brain; cardiovascular effects can be potentiated. |
| Intervention | Monitor frequently and adjust EVEKEO ODT dose or use alternative therapy based on clinical response. |
| Examples | desipramine, protriptyline |
| CYP2D6 Inhibitors | |
| Clinical Impact | The concomitant use of EVEKEO ODT and CYP2D6 inhibitors may increase the exposure of EVKEO ODT compared to the use of the drug alone and increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. |
| Intervention | Initiate with lower doses and monitor patients for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome particularly during EVEKEO ODT initiation and after a dosage increase. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue EVEKEO ODT and the CYP2D6 inhibitor. Alternatively, consider using a drug that does not inhibit CYP2D6 [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and OVERDOSAGE]. |
| Examples | paroxetine and fluoxetine (also serotonergic drugs), quinidine, ritonavir. |
Amphetamines can cause a significant elevation in plasma corticosteroid levels. This increase is greatest in the evening. Amphetamines may interfere with urinary steroid determinations.
EVEKEO ODT contains amphetamine, a Schedule II controlled substance.
EVEKEO ODT is a CNS stimulant that contains amphetamine which has a high potential for abuse. Abuse is characterized by impaired control over drug use, compulsive use, continued use despite harm, and craving.
Signs and symptoms of amphetamine abuse may include increased heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and/or sweating, dilated pupils, hyperactivity, restlessness, insomnia, decreased appetite, loss of coordination, tremors, flushed skin, vomiting, and/or abdominal pain. Anxiety, psychosis, hostility, aggression, suicidal or homicidal ideation have also been seen. Abusers of amphetamine may use unapproved routes of administration which can result in overdose and death [see OVERDOSAGE].
To reduce the abuse of CNS stimulants, including EVEKEO ODT, assess the risk of abuse prior to prescribing. After prescribing, keep careful prescription records, educate patients and their families about abuse and on proper storage and disposal of CNS stimulants. Monitor for signs of abuse while on therapy, and re-evaluate the need for EVEKEO ODT use.
Tolerance (a state of adaptation in which exposure to a specific dose of a drug results in a reduction of the drug's desired and/or undesired effects over time, in such a way that a higher dose of the drug is required to produce the same effect that was once obtained at a lower dose) may occur during the chronic therapy of CNS stimulants including EVEKEO ODT.
Physical dependence (a state of adaptation manifested by a withdrawal syndrome produced by abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, or administration of an antagonist) may occur in patients treated with CNS stimulants including EVEKEO ODT. Withdrawal symptoms after abrupt cessation following prolonged high dosage administration of CNS stimulants include dysphoric mood; fatigue; vivid, unpleasant dreams; insomnia or hypersomnia; increased appetite; psychomotor retardation or agitation.
Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.
CNS stimulants, including EVEKEO ODT, other amphetamine-containing products, and methylphenidate, have a high potential for abuse and dependence. Assess the risk of abuse prior to prescribing and monitor for signs of abuse and dependence while on therapy [see Drug Abuse And Dependence].
Sudden death, stroke, and myocardial infarction have been reported in adults with CNS stimulant treatment at recommended doses. Sudden death has been reported in pediatric patients with structural cardiac abnormalities and other serious heart problems taking CNS stimulants at recommended doses for ADHD. Avoid use in patients with known structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious heart arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, and other serious heart problems. Further evaluate patients who develop exertional chest pain, unexplained syncope, or arrhythmias during EVEKEO ODT treatment.
CNS stimulants cause an increase in blood pressure (mean increase about 2-4 mm Hg) and heart rate (mean increase about 3-6 bpm). Monitor all patients for potential tachycardia and hypertension.
CNS stimulants may exacerbate symptoms of behavior disturbance and thought disorder in patients with a pre-existing psychotic disorder.
CNS stimulants may induce a mixed or manic episode in patients with bipolar disorder. Prior to initiating treatment, screen patients for risk factors for developing a manic episode (e.g., comorbid or has a history of depressive symptoms or a family history of suicide, bipolar disorder, and depression).
CNS stimulants, at recommended doses, may cause psychotic or manic symptoms (e.g., hallucinations, delusional thinking, or mania) in patients without prior history of psychotic illness or mania. If such symptoms occur, consider discontinuing EVEKEO ODT. In a pooled analysis of multiple short-term, placebo-controlled studies of CNS stimulants, psychotic or manic symptoms occurred in 0.1% of CNS stimulant-treated patients compared to 0% in placebo-treated patients.
CNS stimulants have been associated with weight loss and slowing of growth rate in pediatric patients. Closely monitor growth (weight and height) in pediatric patients treated with CNS stimulants, including EVEKEO ODT.
Patients who are not growing or gaining height or weight as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted [Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].
There is some clinical evidence that stimulants may lower the convulsive threshold in patients with prior history of seizures, in patients with prior EEG abnormalities in absence of seizures, and, very rarely, in patients without a history of seizures and no prior EEG evidence of seizures. In the presence of seizures, discontinue EVEKEO ODT.
Stimulants, including EVEKEO ODT, used to treat ADHD are associated with peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud's phenomenon. Signs and symptoms are usually intermittent and mild; however, very rare sequelae include digital ulceration and/or soft tissue breakdown. Effects of peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud's phenomenon, were observed in post-marketing reports at different times and at therapeutic doses in all age groups throughout the course of treatment. Signs and symptoms generally improve after reduction in dose or discontinuation of drug. Careful observation for digital changes is necessary during treatment with ADHD stimulants. Further clinical evaluation (e.g., rheumatology referral) may be appropriate for certain patients.
Serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening reaction, may occur when amphetamines are used in combination with other drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter systems such as MAOIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, tryptophan, buspirone, and St. John's Wort [see DRUG INTERACTIONS ]. The co-administration with cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) inhibitors may also increase the risk with increased exposure to EVEKEO ODT. In these situations, consider an alternative non-serotonergic drug or an alternative drug that does not inhibit CYP2D6 [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].
Serotonin syndrome symptoms may include mental status changes (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, delirium, and coma), autonomic instability (e.g., tachycardia, labile blood pressure, dizziness, diaphoresis, flushing, hyperthermia), neuromuscular symptoms (e.g., tremor, rigidity, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, incoordination), seizures, and/or gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea).
Concomitant use of EVEKEO ODT with MAOI drugs is contraindicated [see CONTRAINDICATIONS].
Discontinue treatment with EVEKEO ODT and any concomitant serotonergic agents immediately if the above symptoms occur, and initiate supportive symptomatic treatment. If concomitant use of EVEKEO ODT with other serotonergic drugs or CYP2D6 inhibitors is clinically warranted, initiate EVEKEO ODT with lower doses, monitor patients for the emergence of serotonin syndrome during drug initiation or titration, and inform patients of the increased risk for serotonin syndrome.
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide).
Advise patients and their caregivers that EVEKEO ODT is a federally controlled substance because it can be abused or lead to dependence. Advise patients to store EVEKEO ODT in a safe place, preferably locked, to prevent abuse. Advise patients to comply with laws and regulations on drug disposal. Advise patients to dispose of remaining, unused, or expired EVEKEO ODT by a medicine take-back program if available [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and Drug Abuse And Dependence].
Provide the following instructions on administration to the patient:
Advise patients, caregivers, and family members that there is a potential serious cardiovascular risk (including sudden death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and hypertension) with EVEKEO ODT. Instruct patients to contact a healthcare provider immediately if they develop symptoms such as exertional chest pain, unexplained syncope, or other symptoms suggestive of cardiac disease [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Instruct patients and their caregivers that EVEKEO ODT can cause elevations of their blood pressure and pulse rate and that patients should be monitored for such effects [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients and their caregivers that EVEKEO ODT, at recommended doses, may cause psychotic symptoms or mania even in patients without prior history of psychotic symptoms or mania [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients, family members, and caregivers that EVEKEO ODT may cause slowing of growth including weight loss [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Instruct patients and their caregivers beginning treatment with EVEKEO ODT about the risk of peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud's phenomenon, and associated signs and symptoms: fingers or toes may feel numb, cool, painful, and/or may change from pale, to blue, to red. Instruct patients to report to their physician any new numbness, pain, skin color change, or sensitivity to temperature in fingers or toes. Instruct patients to call their physician immediately with any signs of unexplained wounds appearing on fingers or toes while taking EVEKEO ODT. Further clinical evaluation (e.g. rheumatology referral) may be appropriate for certain patients [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Caution patients and their caregivers about the risk of serotonin syndrome with concomitant use of EVEKEO ODT and other serotonergic drugs including SSRIs, SNRIs, triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, tryptophan, buspirone, St. John's Wort, and with drugs that impair metabolism of serotonin (in particular MAOIs, both those intended to treat psychiatric disorders and also others such as linezolid [see CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and DRUG INTERACTIONS]. Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider or report to the emergency room if they experience signs or symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
Advise patients and their caregivers to notify their physicians if they are taking, or plan to take, any prescription or over-the-counter drugs because there is a potential for interactions [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].
Advise patients that there is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to EVEKEO ODT during pregnancy [see Use In Specific Populations].
Advise patients to notify their healthcare provider if they become pregnant or intend to become pregnant during treatment with EVEKEO ODT [see Use In Specific Populations ]. Advise patients of the potential fetal effects from the use of EVEKEO ODT during pregnancy [see Use In Specific Populations].
Advise patients not to breastfeed if they are taking EVEKEO ODT [see Use In Specific Populations].
No evidence of carcinogenicity was found in studies in which d-, l-amphetamine (enantiomer ratio of 1:1) was administered to mice and rats in the diet for 2 years at doses of up to 30 mg/kg/day in male mice, 19 mg/kg/day in female mice, and 5 mg/kg/day in male and female rats. These doses are approximately 2, 1, and 0. 5 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human dose of 40 mg/day given to children, on a mg/m² basis.
d, l-Amphetamine (1:1 enantiomer ratio) has been reported to produce a positive response in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test, an equivocal response in the Ames test, and negative responses in the in vitro sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberration assays.
There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to EVEKEO ODT during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the National Pregnancy Registry for Psychostimulants at 1-866Â961-2388 or visiting online at https://womensmentalhealth.org/clinical-and-research-programs/pregnancyregistry/othermedications/.
Available data from published epidemiologic studies and postmarketing reports on use of prescription amphetamine in pregnant women have not identified a drug-associated risk of major birth defects and miscarriage. Adverse pregnancy outcomes, including premature delivery and low birth weight, have been seen in infants born to mothers taking amphetamines during pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations).
Dextroamphetamine sulfate has been shown to have embryotoxic and teratogenic effects when administered to A/Jax mice and C57BL mice in doses approximately 41 times the maximum human dose. Embryotoxic effects were not seen in New Zealand white rabbits given the drug in doses 7 times the human dose nor in rats given 12.5 times the maximum human dose.
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.
Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions
Amphetamines, such as EVEKEO ODT, cause vasoconstriction and thereby decrease placental perfusion. In addition, amphetamines can stimulate uterine contractions, increasing the risk of premature delivery. Infants born to mothers taking amphetamines during pregnancy have an increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight.
Monitor infants born to mothers taking amphetamines for symptoms of withdrawal such as feeding difficulties, irritability, agitation, and excessive drowsiness.
Based on limited case reports in published literature, amphetamine (d- or d1) is present in human milk at relative infant doses of 2% to 13.8% of the maternal weight-adjusted dosage and a milk/plasma ratio ranging between 1.9 and 7.5. There are no reports of adverse effects on the breastfed infant. Long-term neurodevelopmental effects on infants from amphetamine exposure are unknown. It is possible that large dosages of amphetamine might interfere with milk production, especially in women whose lactation is not well established. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, advise patients that breast feeding is not recommended during treatment with EVEKEO ODT.
The safety and effectiveness of EVEKEO ODT have been established in pediatric patients 6 years and older. Use of EVEKEO ODT is based on one adequate and well-controlled study with another immediate-release amphetamine sulfate product (EVEKEO) in pediatric patients 6 to 12 years [see Clinical Studies], along with dosing and safety information for other amphetamine products.
Safety and efficacy in pediatric patients below the age of 6 years have not been established.
Growth should be monitored during treatment with stimulants, including EVEKEO ODT. Pediatric patients aged 6 to 17 years who are not growing or gaining weight as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, ADVERSE REACTIONS].
EVEKEO ODT has not been studied in patients over the age of 65 years.
Consult with a Certified Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222) for up-to-date guidance and advice for treatment of overdosage. Individual patient response to amphetamines varies widely. Toxic symptoms may occur idiosyncratically at low doses.
Manifestations of amphetamine overdose include restlessness, tremor, hyperreflexia, rapid respiration, confusion, assaultiveness, hallucinations, panic states, hyperpyrexia, and rhabdomyolysis. Fatigue and depression usually follow the central nervous system stimulation. Other reactions include arrhythmias, hypertension or hypotension, circulatory collapse, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Fatal poisoning is usually preceded by convulsions and coma.
D-amphetamine is not dialyzable.
EVEKEO ODT is contraindicated in patients:
Amphetamines are non-catecholamine sympathomimetic amines with central nervous system (CNS) stimulant activity. The mode of therapeutic action in ADHD is not known.
Amphetamines block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron and increase the release of these monoamines into the extraneuronal space.
EVEKEO ODT is a 1:1 racemic mixture of d- and l-amphetamine. The l-isomer is more potent than the d-isomer in cardiovascular activity while the d-isomer is more potent than the l-isomer in causing CNS excitatory effects.
Amphetamine demonstrates linear pharmacokinetics over the dose range of 5 to 40 mg.
Following a single-dose oral administration of Evekeo ODT 20 mg disintegrated/dissolved in the oral cavity in healthy subjects in a crossover study, exposures (Cmax and AUC) to d-and l-amphetamine were comparable to that after administration of equal dose of immediate-release amphetamine sulfate tablets (Evekeo) tablets swallowed intact with water.
Median (range) Tmax of d- and l-amphetamine was reached at approximately 3.5 (2-8) hours and 3.0 (1 -6) hours after administration without water and with water, respectively.
Effect Of Food
Administration of food (a high fat meal) does not affect the observed AUC and Cmax of d-and l-amphetamine after single-dose oral administration of EVEKEO ODT (20 mg) in healthy adults who allowed the tablet to be disintegrated/dissolved in their oral cavity prior to swallowing without water. Median (range) Tmax increased from 2.5 (1.5 – 6) hours to 4.5 (2.5 – 8.0) hours when administration without compared to with food.
Amphetamine undergoes both hepatic and renal elimination. The plasma elimination half-life of d- and l-amphetamine averaged 10.0 and about 11.7 hours in healthy adult volunteers.
Metabolism
Amphetamine d-and l- enantiomers are highly metabolized largely by two primary oxidative pathways, one via CYP2D6 to produce active metabolite 4-hydroxyamphetamine, and the other by oxidative deamination. CYP2D6 is one of several enzymes involved in the biotransformation of amphetamine.
Excretion
Amphetamine is renally eliminated in a pH-dependent manner. The renal excretion rate of unchanged amphetamine at a urine pH of 6.6 averages 70% versus 17% - 43% at urine pH of >6.7.
Acute administration of high doses of amphetamine (d-or d,l-) has been shown to produce long-lasting neurotoxic effects, including irreversible nerve fiber damage, in rodents. The significance of these findings to humans is unknown.
The safety and effectiveness of EVEKEO ODT for the treatment of ADHD has been established based on an adequate and well-controlled study of immediate-release amphetamine sulfate (EVEKEO). Below is a description of this study and its results.
Study 1 (NCT01986062) was conducted with EVEKEO tablets in children ages 6 to 12 years who met DSM-IV-TR criteria for ADHD. Following 8 weeks of open-label dose optimization, patients were randomly assigned to continue their optimized dose of EVEKEO (10 to 40 mg/day in divided doses) or placebo for 1 week. After 1 week, patients crossed-over to receive the alternate treatment. At the end of each treatment week, efficacy assessments were conducted at 0.75, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours post-dose using the Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham (SKAMP) rating scale. SKAMP is a 13-item teacher-rated scale that assesses manifestations of ADHD in a classroom setting. The SKAMP-Combined score was obtained by summing items 1 through 13. The primary efficacy outcome assessed by the SKAMP-Combined score at 2 hours postdose was statistically significantly better in EVEKEO treatment compared to placebo (Table 3). Key secondary efficacy endpoints were the time-to-onset and duration-of-effect of EVEKEO using SKAMP-Combined scores. SKAMP-Combined scores were statistically significantly better for patients in the EVEKEO treatment group compared to patients in the placebo treatment group beginning at 0.75 hours post-dose and at each assessment through 10 hours post-dose. (Figure 1).
Table 3: Summary of Primary Efficacy Results in
Pediatric Patients (6 to 12 years) with ADHD (Study 1)
| Study Number | Treatment Group | Primary Efficacy Measure: SKAMP-Combined Score at 2 Hours Post-dose | ||
| Mean Pre-Dose Score (SD) | LS Mean (SE) at 2 Hours Post-dose | Placebo-subtracted Differencea (95% CI) | ||
| Study 1 | Evekeo | 18.1 (11.6) | 10.3 (1.09) | -7.9 (-10.1, -5.6) |
| Placebo | 15.3 (11.4) | 18.1 (1.09) | -- | |
| SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error; LS Mean:
least-squares mean; CI: confidence interval. a Difference (drug minus placebo) in least-squares mean. |
||||
Figure 1: LS Mean SKAMP-Combined Scores by Treatment and Timepoint for Pediatric Patients (6 to
12 years) with ADHD after 1 Week of Double Blind Treatment (Study 1)
 |
EVEKEO ODT™
(ee-VEEK-ee-o)
(amphetamine sulfate) orally disintegrating tablets
What is the most important information I should know about EVEKEO ODT?
EVEKEO ODT can cause serious side effects, including:
Your healthcare provider should check you or your child carefully for heart problems before starting treatment with EVEKEO ODT. Tell your healthcare provider if you or your child have any heart problems, heart defects, high blood pressure, or a family history of these problems.
Your healthcare provider should check you or your child's blood pressure and heart rate regularly during treatment with EVEKEO ODT.
Call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away if you or your child have any signs of heart problems such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting during treatment with EVEKEO ODT.
Tell your healthcare provider about any mental problems you or your child have, or about a family history of suicide, bipolar illness, or depression.
Call your healthcare provider right away if you or your child have any new or worsening mental symptoms or problems during treatment with EVEKEO ODT, especially hearing voices, seeing or believing things that are not real, or new manic symptoms.
What is EVEKEO ODT?
EVEKEO ODT is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant prescription medicine used for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children 6 to 17 years of age. EVEKEO ODT may help increase attention and decrease impulsiveness and hyperactivity in people with ADHD.
It not known if EVEKEO ODT is safe and effective in children under 6 years of age.
EVEKEO ODT is a federally controlled substance (CII) because it contains amphetamine that can be a target for people who abuse prescription medicines or street drugs. Keep EVEKEO ODT in a safe place to protect it from theft. Never give your EVEKEO ODT to anyone else, because it may cause death or harm them. Selling or giving away EVEKEO ODT may harm others and is against the law.
Do not take EVEKEO ODT if you or your child are:
Before taking EVEKEO ODT, tell your healthcare provider about all medical conditions, including if you or your child:
Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines that you or your child take, including prescription and over the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
EVEKEO ODT and some medicines may interact with each other and cause serious side effects. Sometimes the doses of other medicines will need to be changed while taking EVEKEO ODT.
Especially tell your healthcare provider if you or your child take medicines used to treat depression including MAOIs. Know the medicines that you or your child takes. Keep a list of all medicines with you to show your healthcare provider and pharmacist when you get a new medicine.
Your healthcare provider will decide whether EVEKEO ODT can be taken with other medicines. Do not start any new medicine during treatment with EVEKEO ODT without talking to your healthcare provider first.
How should EVEKEO ODT be taken?
If you or your child take too much EVEKEO ODT, call your healthcare provider or poison control center, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away. In case of poisoning call your poison control center at 1-800-222-1222.
What are possible side effects of EVEKEO ODT?
EVEKEO ODT may cause serious side effects, including:
Tell your healthcare provider if you or your child has numbness, pain, skin color change, or sensitivity to temperature in the fingers or toes.
Call your healthcare provider right away if you or your child has any signs of unexplained wounds appearing on fingers or toes during treatment with EVEKEO ODT.
The most common side effects of EVEKEO ODT include decreased appetite and trouble sleeping.
These are not all the possible side effects of EVEKEO ODT.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Arbor Pharmaceuticals, LLC at 1866-516-4950 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
How should I store EVEKEO ODT?
Keep EVEKEO ODT and all medicines out of the reach of children.
General information about the safe and effective use of EVEKEO ODT.
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use EVEKEO ODT for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give EVEKEO ODT to other people, even if they have the same symptoms. It may harm them and it is against the law. You can ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist for information about EVEKEO ODT that was written for healthcare professionals.
What are the ingredients in EVEKEO ODT?
Active ingredient: amphetamine sulfate
Inactive ingredients: mannitol, silicified microcrystalline cellulose, crospovidone, ethylcellulose, amino methacrylate copolymer, anhydrous citric acid, magnesium stearate, dibutyl sebacate, malic acid and sucralose
This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
