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BUMINATE 5%
Albumin (Human), USP, 5% Solution
This bottle contains 12.5 g albumin from venous plasma in saline and is osmotically equivalent to an equal volume of normal human plasma. It has been stabilized with sodium caprylate and sodium acetyltryptophanate and heated for 10 hours at 60°C. The sodium content is 145 ±15 mEq/L. Contains no preservative. Store at room temperature, not to exceed 30°C (86°F). Avoid freezing to prevent damage to the bottle. See attached directions for use.
Do not use if turbid. Do not begin administration more than 4 hours after the container has been entered. Single dose container. Discard partially used bottle.
The patient and physician should discuss the risks and benefits of this product.
BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution is a sterile, nonpyrogenic preparation of albumin in a single dosage form for intravenous administration. Each 100 mL contains 5 g of albumin and is prepared from human venous plasma using the Cohn cold ethanol fractionation process. Source material for fractionation may be obtained from another U.S. licensed manufacturer. It has been adjusted to physiological pH with sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium hydroxide and has been stabilized with sodium acetyltryptophanate and sodium caprylate. The sodium content is 145 ±15 mEq/L. The solution contains no preservative and none of the coagulation factors found in fresh whole blood or plasma. BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution is a transparent or slightly opalescent solution which may have a greenish tint or may vary from a pale straw to an amber color.
The likelihood of the presence of viable hepatitis viruses has been reduced by heating the product for 10 hours at 60°C. This procedure has been shown to be an effective method of inactivating hepatitis virus in albumin solutions even when those solutions were prepared from plasma known to be infective.1-3
BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution contains no blood group isoagglutinins thereby permitting its administration without regard to the recipient's blood group.
References
1. Gellis SS, Neefe JR, Stokes J Jr, et al: Chemical, clinical and immunological studies on the products of human plasma fractionation. XXXVI. Inactivation of the virus of homologous serum hepatitis in solutions of normal human serum albumin by means of heat. J Clin Invest 27:239-244, 1948
2. Gerety RJ, Aronson DL: Plasma derivatives and viral hepatitis. Transfusion 22:347-351, 1982
3. Murray R, Diefenbach WCL, Geller H, etat Problem of reducing danger of serum hepatitis from blood and blood products. NY State J Med 55:1145-1150, 1955
Hypovolemia is a possible indication for use of BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution. Its effectiveness in reversing hypovolemia depends largely upon its colloid osmotic pressure. Although crystalloid solutions and colloid-containing plasma substitutes can be used in emergency treatment of shock, Albumin (Human) has a longer intravascular half-life than crystalloid solutions.9
When the hypovolemia is long-standing and hypoalbuminemia exists accompanied by adequate hydration or edema, treatment with BUMINATE 25%, Albumin (Human), 25% Solution is preferable.4,6
When blood volume deficit is the result of hemorrhage, compatible red blood cells or whole blood should be administered as quickly as possible.
Hypoalbuminemia is another possible indication for use of BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution. Hypoalbuminemia can result from one or more of the following:5
When albumin deficit is the result of excessive protein loss, the effect of administration of albumin will be temporary unless the underlying disorder is reversed. In most cases, increased nutritional replacement of amino acids and/or protein with concurrent treatment of the underlying disorder will restore normal plasma albumin levels more effectively than administration of albumin solutions. Occasionally hypoalbuminemia accompanying severe injuries, infections or severe pancreatitis cannot be quickly reversed and nutritional supplements may fail to restore adequate plasma albumin levels. In these cases, BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution may be useful.
In conjunction with appropriate crystalloid therapy, BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution may be useful for treatment of protein deficits after the initial 24-hour period following extensive burns.4
BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution may be indicated prior to or during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, though the data do not indicate a clear-cut advantage over crystalloid solutions.4,6,10
There is no valid reason for use of albumin as an intravenous nutrient.
BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution must be administered intravenously. It may be administered either in conjunction with or combined with other parenterals such as whole blood, plasma, saline, glucose or sodium lactate. The volume of the total dose and the rate of infusion depends on the patient's condition and response.
Although the volume of BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution administered must be individualized, the initial dose should be 250 to 500 mL for older children and adults and 12 to 20 mL per kilogram of body weight for infants and young children. It may be repeated after 30 minute intervals if the response is not adequate.
Hypoalbuminemia is usually accompanied by a hidden extravascular albumin deficiency of equal magnitude. This total body albumin deficit must be considered when determining the amount of albumin necessary to reverse the hypoalbuminemia. When using the patient's serum albumin concentration to estimate the deficit, the body albumin compartment should be calculated to be 80 to 100 mL per kilogram of body weight.5,6 Daily dose should not exceed 2 g of albumin per kilogram of body weight.
When BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution is administered after the first 24 hours following burns, an initial dose of 500 mL is recommended. Preparation for Administration
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
Follow directions for use printed on the administration set container. Make certain that the administration set contains an adequate filter.
BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution is supplied in 250 mL and 500 mL bottles.
Store BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution at room temperature, not to exceed 30°C (86°F). Avoid freezing to prevent damage to the bottle.
References
4. Tullis JL: Albumin, 1. Background and use, and 2. Guidelines for clinical use. JAMA 237:355-360,460-463, 1977
5. Peters T Jr: Serum albumin, in The Plasma Proteins, 2nd ed, Vol 1. Putnam FW (ed). New York, Academic Press, 1975, pp 133-181
6. Finlayson JS: Albumin products. Sem Thromb Hemostas 6:85-120, 1980
9. Shoemaker WC, Schluchter M, Hopkins JA, et al: Comparison of the relative effectiveness of colloids and crystalloids in emergency resuscitation. Am J Surg 142:73-83, 1981
10. Lowenstein E, Hallowell P, Bland JHL: Use of colloid and crystalloid solutions in open heart surgery: Physiological basis and clinical results, in Proceedings of the Workshop on Albumin. Sgouris JT, Rene A (eds.) DHEW Publication No. (NIH) 76-925, Washington DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976, pp 195-210
To enroll in the confidential, industry-wide Patient Notification System, call 1-888-UPDATE U (1-888-873-2838).
Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Westlake Village, CA 91362 USA. Revised September 2002. FDA rev date: n/a
Untoward reactions to BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution are extremely rare, although nausea, fever, chills or urticaria may occasionally occur. Such symptoms usually disappear when the infusion is slowed or stopped for a short period of time.
No information provided.
Do not use if turbid. Do not begin administration more than 4 hours after the container has been entered.
BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution is made from human plasma. Products made from human plasma may contain infectious agents, such as viruses, that can cause disease. The risk that such products will transmit an infectious agent has been reduced by screening plasma donors for prior exposure to certain viruses, by testing for the presence of certain current virus infections, and by inactivating and/or removing certain viruses (See DESCRIPTION). Despite these measures, such products can still potentially transmit disease. Based on effective donor screening and product manufacturing processes, albumin carries an extremely remote risk for transmission of viral diseases. A theoretical risk for transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) also is considered extremely remote. No cases of transmission of viral diseases or CJD have ever been identified for albumin. ALL infections thought by a physician possibly to have been transmitted by this product should be reported by the physician or other healthcare provider to Baxter Healthcare Corporation at 1-800-423-2862. The physician should discuss the risks and benefits of this product with the patient.
Certain components used in the packaging of this product contain natural rubber latex.
BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution may be given rapidly to individuals with reduced plasma volume with the following exception: if a patient has a history of cardiac or circulatory disease, BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution should be administered slowly (5 to 10 mL per minute) to avoid too rapid a rise in the blood pressure.
Patients should always be carefully monitored in order to guard against the possibility of circulatory overload.
When BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution is used following injuries or surgery, the quick rise in blood pressure which follows administration makes it necessary to monitor the patient to detect and treat severed blood vessels that may not have bled at a lower blood pressure.
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution. It is not known whether BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproductive capacity. BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
The use of BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution in children has not been associated with any special or specific hazard, if the dose is appropriate for the child's body weight.
No information provided.
A history of allergic reactions to albumin is a specific contraindication to the use of this product.
BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution is also contraindicated in severely anemic patients and in patients with cardiac failure.
Albumin is responsible for 70-80% of the colloid osmotic pressure of normal plasma, thus making it useful in regulating and increasing blood volume.4,5,6 It is also a transport protein and binds naturally occurring, therapeutic and toxic materials in the circulation.5,6 BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution is osmotically equivalent to an equal volume of normal human plasma and will increase circulating plasma volume by an amount approximately equal to the volume infused. The degree and duration of volume expansion depends upon the initial blood volume. With patients treated for diminished blood volume, the effect of infused albumin may last for many hours. In patients with normal blood volumes, the hemodilution lasts for a shorter period.7,8
Total body albumin is estimated to be 350 g for a 70 kg man and is distributed throughout the extracellular compartments. The half-life of albumin is 15 to 20 days with a turnover of approximately 15 g per day.5
The minimum plasma albumin level necessary to prevent or reverse peripheral edema is unknown. Some investigators recommend that plasma albumin levels be maintained at approximately 2.5 g/dL. This concentration provides a plasma oncotic pressure value of 20 mm Hg.4
BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution is manufactured by the modified Cohn-Oncley cold ethanol fractionation process which includes a series of cold-ethanol precipitation, centrifugation and/or filtration of human plasma followed by pasteurization of the final product at 60 ± 0.5°C for 10 - 11 hours. This process accomplishes both purification of albumin and the reduction of viruses.
In vitro studies demonstrate that the manufacturing process for BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution provides for significant viral reduction. These viral reduction studies, summarized in Table 1, demonstrate viral clearance during the manufacturing process for BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution using human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HlV-1) both as a relevant and model virus for HIV-2 and other enveloped RNA viruses; bovine viral diarrheal virus (BVD), a model for lipid enveloped RNA viruses, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV); porcine parvovirus (PPV), a model for non-lipid enveloped DNA viruses such as human parvovirus B19; hepatitis A virus (HAV), a relevant virus and a model for non-lipid enveloped RNA viruses.
These studies indicate that specific manufacturing steps for BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution are capable of eliminating/inactivating a wide range of relevant and model viruses. Since the mechanism of virus elimination/inactivation at each step is different, the overall manufacturing process of BUMINATE 5%, Albumin (Human), 5% Solution is robust in reducing viral load.
Table 1
| Summary of Viral Reduction Factor for Each Virus and Processing Step | |||||
| Process Step | Viral Reduction Factor (log10) | ||||
| Lipid Enveloped | Non-lipid Enveloped | ||||
| BVD | HIV-1 | PRV | HAV | PPV | |
| Step 1: Processing of cryo-poor plasma to Fraction I+II+III centrifugate | 1.2±0.0 | 5.8±0.0 | 4.6±0.5 | 1.9±0.8 | 1.4±0.1 |
| Step 2: Processing of Fraction I+II+III centrifugate to Fraction IV1 centrifugate | 2.8±0.5 | NCM | 3.4±0.4 | 1.9±0.7 | (1.2±0.3)* |
| Step 3: Processing of Fraction IV1 centrifugate to Fraction IV4 centrifugate/ filter press filtrate† | > 2.4±0.1/ > 2.4±0.1 |
> 4.4±0.5/ > 4.5±0.5 |
> 4.8±0.1/ > 4.8±0.1 |
3.8±0.1/ 2.9±0.2 | 2.2±0.3/ 2.0±0.3 |
| Step 4: Processing of Fraction IV4 centrifugate/ filter press filtrate to Fraction IV4 Cuno 70C filtrate†† | > 1.6±0.2/ > 1.7±0.1 |
NCM | > 4.1±0.5/ > 4.4±0.1 |
4.7±0.1/ 4.6±0.1 | 2.3±0.3/ 3.0±0.8 |
| Step 5: Processing of Fraction V suspension to Cuno 90LP filtrate | (0.2±0.2)* | > 5.0±0.5 | > 4.6±0.0 | 4.2±0.4 | 3.4±0.5 |
| Step 6: Pasteurization | > 4.9±0.1 | > 5.1±0.3 | > 5.3±0.1 | 5.3±0.4 | NT |
| Cumulative Reduction Factor**, log10 | >12.9/13.0 | > 20.3/20.4 | > 26.8/27.1 | 21.8/20.8 | 9.3/9.8 |
| NT Not tested. NCM No virus reduction claim made at this step. * Since the reduction factor of < 1.0 is within the variability limit of the assay, these values are not included in the computation of the cumulative reduction factor. † Two reduction factors indicate the two liquid-solid separation options available at this step. †† Two reduction factors indicate the two starting materials at this step. ** Two cumulative reduction factors derived from the use of the two liquid-solid separation options available at Step 3. |
|||||
References
4. Tullis JL: Albumin, 1. Background and use, and 2. Guidelines for clinical use. JAMA 237:355-360,460-463, 1977
5. Peters T Jr: Serum albumin, in The Plasma Proteins, 2nd ed, Vol 1. Putnam FW (ed). New York, Academic Press, 1975, pp 133-181
6. Finlayson JS: Albumin products. Sem Thromb Hemostas 6:85-120, 1980
7. Janeway CA: Berenberg W, Hutchins G: Indications and uses of blood, blood derivatives and blood substitutes. Med Clin N Amer 29:10691094, 1945
8. Janeway CA, Gibson ST, Woodruff LM, et al: Chemical, clinical and immunological studies on the products of human plasma fractionation. VII. Concentrated human serum albumin. J Clin Invest 23:465-490, 1944
No information provided. Please refer to the WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS sections.
