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DELSTRIGO™
(doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) Tablets
WARNING
POSTTREATMENT ACUTE EXACERBATION OF HEPATITIS B
Severe acute exacerbations of hepatitis B (HBV) have been reported in patients who are coinfected with HIV-1 and HBV and have discontinued lamivudine or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), which are components of DELSTRIGO. Hepatic function should be monitored closely with both clinical and laboratory follow-up for at least several months in patients who are coinfected with HIV-1 and HBV and discontinue DELSTRIGO. If appropriate, initiation of anti-hepatitis B therapy may be warranted [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
DELSTRIGO is a fixed-dose combination, film-coated tablet, containing doravirine, lamivudine, and TDF for oral administration.
Doravirine is an HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI).
Lamivudine is the (-)enantiomer of a dideoxy analogue of cytidine and is an HIV-1 nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
TDF (a prodrug of tenofovir) is a fumaric acid salt of the bis-isopropoxycarbonyloxymethyl ester derivative of tenofovir. In vivo TDF is converted to tenofovir, an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (nucleotide) analog of adenosine 5'-monophosphate. Tenofovir is an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
Each tablet contains 100 mg of doravirine, 300 mg of lamivudine, and 300 mg of TDF (equivalent to 245 mg of tenofovir disoproxil) as active ingredients. The tablets include the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose acetate succinate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and sodium stearyl fumarate. The tablets are film coated with a coating material containing the following inactive ingredients: hypromellose, iron oxide yellow, lactose monohydrate, titanium dioxide, and triacetin. The coated tablets are polished with carnauba wax.
The chemical name for doravirine is 3-chloro-5-[[1-[(4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3- yl)methyl]-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]oxy]benzonitrile.
It has a molecular formula of C17H11ClF3N5O3 and a molecular weight of 425.75.
It has the following structural formula:
 |
Doravirine is practically insoluble in water.
The chemical name for lamivudine is (-)-1-[(2R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-cytosine.
It has a molecular formula of C8H11N3O3S and a molecular weight of 229.26.
It has the following structural formula:
 |
Lamivudine is soluble in water.
The chemical name for TDF is 9-[(R)-2-[[bis[[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]methoxy] phosphinyl]- methoxy]propyl]adenine fumarate (1:1).
It has a molecular formula of C19H30N5O10 P·C4H4O4 and a molecular weight of 635.52.
It has the following structural formula:
 |
TDF is slightly soluble in water.
DELSTRIGO™ is indicated as a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adult patients:
Prior to or when initiating DELSTRIGO, test patients for HBV infection [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Prior to or when initiating DELSTRIGO, and during treatment with DELSTRIGO, on a clinically appropriate schedule, assess serum creatinine, estimated creatinine clearance, urine glucose, and urine protein in all patients. In patients with chronic kidney disease, also assess serum phosphorus [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
DELSTRIGO is a fixed-dose combination product containing 100 mg of doravirine (DOR), 300 mg of lamivudine (3TC), and 300 mg of TDF. The recommended dosage of DELSTRIGO in adults is one tablet taken orally once daily with or without food [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
Because DELSTRIGO is a fixed-dose combination tablet and the dosage of lamivudine and TDF cannot be adjusted, DELSTRIGO is not recommended in patients with estimated creatinine clearance less than 50 mL/min [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and Use In Specific Populations].
If DELSTRIGO is co-administered with rifabutin, take one tablet of DELSTRIGO once daily, followed by one tablet of doravirine 100 mg (PIFELTRO) approximately 12 hours after the dose of DELSTRIGO for the duration of rifabutin co-administration [see DRUG INTERACTIONS and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
DELSTRIGO film-coated tablets are yellow, oval-shaped tablets, debossed with the corporate logo and 776 on one side and plain on the other side. Each tablet contains 100 mg doravirine, 300 mg lamivudine, and 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (equivalent to 245 mg of tenofovir disoproxil).
Each DELSTRIGO tablet contains 100 mg of doravirine, 300 mg of lamivudine, and 300 mg of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (equivalent to 245 mg of tenofovir disoproxil), is yellow, oval-shaped, film-coated, and is debossed with the corporate logo and 776 on one side and plain on the other side. Each bottle contains 30 tablets (NDC 0006-5007-01) and silica gel desiccants, and is closed with a child-resistant closure.
Store DELSTRIGO in the original bottle. Keep the bottle tightly closed to protect from moisture. Do not remove the desiccants.
Store DELSTRIGO at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Manufactured by: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of MERCK & CO., INC., Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889, USA. Revised: Sep 2019
The following adverse reactions are discussed in other sections of the labeling:
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The safety assessment of DELSTRIGO is based on Week 48 data from two Phase 3, randomized, international, multicenter, double-blind, active-controlled trials. A total of 747 subjects received doravirine either as the single entity in combination with other antiretroviral drugs as background regimens (n=383) or as the fixed-dose DELSTRIGO (n=364), and a total of 747 subjects were randomized to control arms.
In DRIVE-AHEAD (Protocol 021), 728 adult subjects received either DELSTRIGO (n=364) or EFV/FTC/TDF once daily (n=364). By Week 48, 3% in the DELSTRIGO group and 6% in the EFV/FTC/TDF group had adverse events leading to discontinuation of study medication.
Adverse reactions reported in greater than or equal to 5% of subjects in any treatment group in DRIVEAHEAD are presented in Table 1.
Table 1: Adverse Reactions* (All Grades) Reported in ≥5%† of Subjects in Any Treatment Group in Adults with No Antiretroviral Treatment History in DRIVE-AHEAD (Week 48)
| DELSTRIGO Once Daily N=364 |
EFV/FTC/TDF Once Daily N=364 |
|
| Dizziness | 7% | 32% |
| Nausea | 5% | 7% |
| Abnormal Dreams | 5% | 9% |
| Insomnia | 4% | 5% |
| Diarrhea | 3% | 5% |
| Somnolence | 3% | 7% |
| Rash‡ | 2% | 12% |
| *Frequencies of adverse reactions are based on all adverse events attributed to trial drugs by the investigator. †No adverse reactions of Grade 2 or higher (moderate or severe) occurred in ≥2% of subjects treated with DELSTRIGO. ‡Rash: includes rash, rash erythematous, rash generalized, rash macular, rash maculopapular, rash papular, rash pruritic. |
||
The majority (65%) of adverse reactions associated with DELSTRIGO occurred at severity Grade 1 (mild).
For DRIVE-AHEAD, the analysis of subjects with neuropsychiatric adverse events by Week 48 is presented in Table 2. The proportion of subjects who reported one or more neuropsychiatric adverse events was 24% and 57% in the DELSTRIGO and EFV/FTC/TDF groups, respectively.
A statistically significantly lower proportion of DELSTRIGO-treated subjects compared to EFV/FTC/TDFtreated subjects reported neuropsychiatric adverse events by Week 48 in the three pre-specified categories of dizziness, sleep disorders and disturbances, and altered sensorium.
Table 2: DRIVE-AHEAD - Analysis of Subjects with Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events* (Week 48)
| DELSTRIGO Once Daily N=364 |
EFV/FTC/TDF Once Daily N=364 |
Treatment Difference (DELSTRIGO - EFV/FTC/TDF) Estimate (95% CI)† |
|
| Sleep disorders and disturbances‡ | 12% | 26% | -13.5 (-19.1, -7.9) |
| Dizziness | 9% | 37% | -28.3 (-34.0, -22.5) |
| Altered sensorium§ | 4% | 8% | -3.8 (-7.6, -0.3) |
| *All causality and all grade events were included in the analysis. †The 95% CIs were calculated using Miettinen and Nurminen's method. Categories pre-specified for statistical testing were dizziness (p <0.001), sleep disorders and disturbances (p <0.001), and altered sensorium (p=0.033). ‡Predefined using MedDRA preferred terms including: abnormal dreams, hyposomnia, initial insomnia, insomnia, nightmare, sleep disorder, somnambulism. §Predefined using MedDRA preferred terms including: altered state of consciousness, lethargy, somnolence, syncope. |
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Neuropsychiatric adverse events in the pre-defined category of depression and suicide/self-injury were reported in 4% and 7% of subjects, in the DELSTRIGO and EFV/FTC/TDF groups, respectively.
In DRIVE-AHEAD through 48 weeks of treatment, the majority of subjects who reported neuropsychiatric adverse events reported events that were mild to moderate in severity (97% [83/86] and 96% [198/207], in the DELSTRIGO and EFV/FTC/TDF groups, respectively) and the majority of subjects reported these events in the first 4 weeks of treatment (72% [62/86] in the DELSTRIGO group and 86% [177/207] in the EFV/FTC/TDF group).
Neuropsychiatric adverse events led to treatment discontinuation in 1% (2/364) and 1% (5/364) of subjects in the DELSTRIGO and EFV/FTC/TDF groups, respectively. The proportion of subjects who reported neuropsychiatric adverse events through Week 4 was 17% (62/364) in the DELSTRIGO group and 49% (177/364) in the EFV/FTC/TDF group. At Week 48, the prevalence of neuropsychiatric adverse events was 12% (44/364) in the DELSTRIGO group and 22% (81/364) in the EFV/FTC/TDF group.
The percentages of subjects with selected laboratory abnormalities (that represent a worsening from baseline) who were treated with DELSTRIGO or EFV/FTC/TDF in DRIVE-AHEAD are presented in Table 3.
Table 3: Selected Laboratory Abnormalities Reported in Adult Subjects with No Antiretroviral Treatment History in DRIVE-AHEAD (Week 48)
| Laboratory Parameter Preferred Term (Unit)/Limit | DELSTRIGO Once Daily N=364 |
EFV/FTC/TDF Once Daily N=364 |
| Blood Chemistry | ||
| Total bilirubin | 4% | 0% |
| 1.1 - <1.6 x ULN | 2% | 0% |
| 1.6 - <2.6 x ULN ≥2.6 x ULN | <1% | <1% |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | ||
| >1.3 - 1.8 x ULN or Increase of >0.3 mg/dL above baseline | 2% | 1% |
| >1.8 x ULN or Increase of ≥1.5 x above baseline | 2% | 1% |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) | ||
| 2.5 - <5.0 x ULN | 2% | 2% |
| ≥5.0 x ULN | <1% | 2% |
| Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | ||
| 2.5 - <5.0 x ULN | 3% | 4% |
| ≥5.0 x ULN | <1% | 2% |
| Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L) | ||
| 2.5 - <5.0 x ULN | 0% | <1% |
| ≥5.0 x ULN | 0% | <1% |
| Lipase | ||
| 1.5 - <3.0 x ULN | 5% | 4% |
| ≥3.0 x ULN | 1% | 2% |
| Creatine kinase (IU/L) | ||
| 6.0 - <10.0 x ULN | 2% | 2% |
| ≥10.0 x ULN | 2% | 3% |
| Cholesterol, fasted (mg/dL) | ||
| ≥300 mg/dL | <1% | <1% |
| LDL cholesterol, fasted (mg/dL) | ||
| ≥190 mg/dL | <1% | 2% |
| Triglycerides, fasted (mg/dL) | ||
| >500 mg/dL | <1% | 3% |
| ULN = Upper limit of normal range. | ||
For DRIVE-AHEAD, changes from baseline at Week 48 in LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol are shown in Table 4.
The LDL and non-HDL comparisons were pre-specified and are summarized in Table 4. The differences were statistically significant, showing superiority of DELSTRIGO for both parameters. The clinical benefit of these findings has not been demonstrated.
Table 4: Mean Change from Baseline in Fasting Lipids in Adult Subjects with No Antiretroviral
Treatment History in DRIVE-AHEAD (Week 48)
| Laboratory Parameter Preferred Term | DELSTRIGO Once Daily N=320 |
EFV/FTC/TDF Once Daily N=307 |
Difference Estimates (DELSTRIGO - EFV/FTC/TDF) |
||
| Baseline | Change | Baseline | Change | Difference (95% CI) | |
| LDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL)* | 91.7 | -2.1 | 91.3 | 8.3 | -10.2 (-13.8, -6.7) |
| Non-HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)* | 114.7 | -4.1 | 115.3 | 12.7 | -16.9 (-20.8, -13.0) |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)† | 156.8 | -2.2 | 156.8 | 21.1 | - |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)† | 118.7 | -12.0 | 122.6 | 21.6 | - |
| HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL)† | 42.1 | 1.8 | 41.6 | 8.4 | - |
| Subjects on lipid-lowering agents at baseline were excluded from these analyses (DELSTRIGO n=15 and EFV/FTC/TDF n=10). Subjects initiating a lipid-lowering agent post-baseline had their last fasted on-treatment value (prior to starting the agent) carried forward (DELSTRIGO n=3 and EFV/FTC/TDF n=8). *P-value for the pre-specified hypothesis testing for treatment difference was <0.0001. †Not pre-specified for hypothesis testing. |
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The safety of DELSTRIGO in virologically-suppressed adults was based on Week 48 data from 670 subjects in the DRIVE-SHIFT trial (Protocol 024), a randomized, international, multicenter, open-label trial in which virologically-suppressed subjects were switched from a baseline regimen consisting of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in combination with a protease inhibitor (PI) plus either ritonavir or cobicistat, or elvitegravir plus cobicistat, or an NNRTI to DELSTRIGO. Overall, the safety profile in virologically-suppressed adult subjects was similar to that in subjects with no antiretroviral treatment history.
In the DRIVE-SHIFT trial, 22% and 16% of subjects in the immediate switch group experienced ALT and AST elevations of greater than 1.25 X ULN, respectively, through 48 weeks on DELSTRIGO. For these ALT and AST elevations, no apparent time patterns with regard to time to onset relative to switch were observed. One percent of subjects had ALT or AST elevations greater than 5 X ULN through 48 weeks on DELSTRIGO. The ALT and AST elevations were generally asymptomatic, and not associated with bilirubin elevations. In comparison, 4% and 4% of subjects in the delayed switch group experienced ALT and AST elevations of greater than 1.25 X ULN through 24 weeks on their baseline regimen.
Changes from baseline at Week 24 in LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol in subjects on a PI plus ritonavir-based regimen at baseline are shown in Table 5. The LDL and non-LDL comparisons were pre-specified, and the differences were statistically significant, showing superiority for an immediate switch to DELSTRIGO for both parameters. The clinical benefit of these findings has not been demonstrated.
Table 5: Mean Change from Baseline in Fasting Lipids in Adult Virologically-Suppressed Subjects on a PI plus Ritonavir-based Regimen at Baseline in DRIVE-SHIFT (Week 24)
| Laboratory Parameter Preferred Term | DELSTRIGO (Week 0-24) Once Daily N=244 |
PI+ritonavir (Week 0-24) Once Daily N=124 |
Difference Estimates | ||
| Baseline | Change | Baseline | Change | Difference (95% CI) | |
| LDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL)* | 108.7 | -16.3 | 110.5 | -2.6 | -14.5 (-18.9, -10.1) |
| Non-HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)* | 138.6 | -24.8 | 138.8 | -2.1 | -22.8 (-27.9, -17.7) |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)† | 188.5 | -26.1 | 187.4 | -0.2 | - |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)† | 153.1 | -44.4 | 151.4 | -0.4 | - |
| HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL)† | 50.0 | -1.3 | 48.5 | 1.9 | - |
|
Subjects on lipid-lowering agents at baseline were excluded from these analyses (DELSTRIGO n=26 and PI+ritonavir n=13). Subjects initiating a lipid-lowering agent post-baseline had their last fasted on-treatment value (prior to starting the agent) carried forward (DELSTRIGO n=4 and PI+ritonavir n=2). *P-value for the pre-specified hypothesis testing for treatment difference was <0.0001. †Not pre-specified for hypothesis testing. |
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The following adverse reactions have been identified during postmarketing experience in patients receiving lamivudine- or TDF-containing regimens. Because postmarketing reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Body as a Whole: redistribution/accumulation of body fat
Endocrine and Metabolic: hyperglycemia
General: Weakness
Hemic and Lymphatic: anemia (including pure red cell aplasia and severe anemias progressing on therapy)
Hepatic and Pancreatic: lactic acidosis and hepatic steatosis, posttreatment exacerbations of hepatitis B
Hypersensitivity: anaphylaxis, urticaria
Musculoskeletal: muscle weakness, CPK elevation, rhabdomyolysis
Skin: alopecia, pruritus
Immune System Disorders: allergic reaction, including angioedema
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: lactic acidosis, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia
Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders: dyspnea
Gastrointestinal Disorders: pancreatitis, increased amylase, abdominal pain
Hepatobiliary Disorders: hepatic steatosis, hepatitis, increased liver enzymes (most commonly AST, ALT gamma GT)
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: rash
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: rhabdomyolysis, osteomalacia (manifested as bone pain and which may contribute to fractures), muscular weakness, myopathy
Renal and Urinary Disorders: acute renal failure, renal failure, acute tubular necrosis, Fanconi syndrome, proximal renal tubulopathy, interstitial nephritis (including acute cases), nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, renal insufficiency, increased creatinine, proteinuria, polyuria
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: asthenia
The following adverse reactions, listed under the body system headings above, may occur as a consequence of proximal renal tubulopathy: rhabdomyolysis, osteomalacia, hypokalemia, muscular weakness, myopathy, hypophosphatemia.
Because DELSTRIGO is a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 infection, co-administration with other antiretroviral medications for treatment of HIV-1 infection is not recommended. Information regarding potential drug-drug interactions with other antiretroviral medications is not provided.
Co-administration of DELSTRIGO with a CYP3A inducer decreases doravirine plasma concentrations, which may reduce DELSTRIGO efficacy [see CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
Co-administration of DELSTRIGO and drugs that are inhibitors of CYP3A may result in increased plasma concentrations of doravirine.
Table 6 shows the significant drug interactions with the components of DELSTRIGO. The drug interactions described are based on studies conducted with either DELSTRIGO or the components of DELSTRIGO as individual agents.
Table 6: Drug Interactions with DELSTRIGO*
| Concomitant Drug Class: Drug Name | Effect on Concentration | Clinical Comment |
| Androgen Receptors | ||
| enzalutamide | ↓ doravirine | Co-administration is contraindicated with enzalutamide. |
| At least a 4-week cessation period is recommended prior to initiation of DELSTRIGO. | ||
| Anticonvulsants | ||
| carbamazepine oxcarbazepine phenobarbital phenytoin |
↓ doravirine | Co-administration is contraindicated with these anticonvulsants. |
| At least a 4-week cessation period is recommended prior to initiation of DELSTRIGO. | ||
| Antimycobacterials | ||
| rifampin† rifapentine |
↓ doravirine | Co-administration is contraindicated with rifampin or rifapentine. |
| At least a 4-week cessation period is recommended prior to initiation of DELSTRIGO. | ||
| rifabutin† | ↓ doravirine | If DELSTRIGO is co-administered with rifabutin, one tablet of doravirine (PIFELTRO) should be taken approximately 12 hours after the dose of DELSTRIGO [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. |
| Cytotoxic Agents | ||
| mitotane | ↓ doravirine | Co-administration is contraindicated with mitotane. |
| At least a 4-week cessation period is recommended prior to initiation of DELSTRIGO. | ||
| Hepatitis C Antiviral Agents | ||
| ledipasvir/sofosbuvir sofosbuvir/velpatasvir | ↑ tenofovir | Monitor for adverse reactions associated with TDF. |
| Herbal Products | ||
| St. John’s wort | ↓ doravirine | Co-administration is contraindicated with St. John’s wort. |
| At least a 4-week cessation period is recommended prior to initiation of DELSTRIGO. | ||
| Other Agents | ||
| sorbitol | ↓ lamivudine | Co-administration of single doses of lamivudine and sorbitol resulted in a sorbitol dose-dependent reduction in lamivudine exposures. When possible, avoid use of sorbitol-containing medicines with lamivudine-containing medicines. |
| ↑ = increase, ↓ = decrease *This table is not all-inclusive †The interaction between doravirine and the concomitant drug was evaluated in a clinical study. All other drug-drug interactions shown are anticipated based on the known metabolic and elimination pathways. |
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Co-administration of DELSTRIGO with drugs that reduce renal function or compete for active tubular secretion may increase serum concentrations of lamivudine, tenofovir, and/or other renally eliminated drugs. Some examples of drugs that are eliminated by active tubular secretion include, but are not limited to, acyclovir, cidofovir, ganciclovir, valacyclovir, valganciclovir, aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin), and high-dose or multiple NSAIDs [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
No clinically significant changes in concentration were observed for doravirine when co-administered with the following agents: TDF, lamivudine, elbasvir and grazoprevir, ledipasvir and sofosbuvir, ritonavir, ketoconazole, aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide/simethicone containing antacid, pantoprazole, or methadone [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
No clinically significant changes in concentration were observed for tenofovir when co-administered with tacrolimus or entecavir [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
No clinically significant changes in concentration were observed for the following agents when co-administered with doravirine: lamivudine, TDF, elbasvir and grazoprevir, ledipasvir and sofosbuvir, atorvastatin, an oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel, metformin, methadone, or midazolam.
No clinically significant drug interactions have been observed between TDF and the following medications: entecavir, methadone, oral contraceptives, sofosbuvir, or tacrolimus in studies conducted in healthy subjects.
Lamivudine is not significantly metabolized by CYP enzymes nor does it inhibit or induce this enzyme system; therefore, it is unlikely that clinically significant drug interactions will occur through these pathways [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
Included as part of the "PRECAUTIONS" Section
All patients with HIV-1 should be tested for the presence of HBV before initiating antiretroviral therapy.
Severe acute exacerbations of hepatitis B (e.g., liver decompensated and liver failure) have been reported in patients who are coinfected with HIV-1 and HBV and have discontinued products containing lamivudine and/or TDF, and may occur with discontinuation of DELSTRIGO. Patients who are coinfected with HIV-1 and HBV who discontinue DELSTRIGO should be closely monitored with both clinical and laboratory follow-up for at least several months after stopping treatment with DELSTRIGO. If appropriate, initiation of anti-hepatitis B therapy may be warranted, especially in patients with advanced liver disease or cirrhosis, since post-treatment exacerbation of hepatitis may lead to hepatic decompensation and liver failure.
Renal impairment, including cases of acute renal failure and Fanconi syndrome (renal tubular injury with severe hypophosphatemia), has been reported with the use of TDF, a component of DELSTRIGO.
DELSTRIGO should be avoided with concurrent or recent use of a nephrotoxic agent (e.g., high-dose or multiple nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]) [see DRUG INTERACTIONS]. Cases of acute renal failure after initiation of high-dose or multiple NSAIDs have been reported in HIV-infected patients with risk factors for renal dysfunction who appeared stable on TDF. Some patients required hospitalization and renal replacement therapy. Alternatives to NSAIDs should be considered, if needed, in patients at risk for renal dysfunction.
Persistent or worsening bone pain, pain in extremities, fractures, and/or muscular pain or weakness may be manifestations of proximal renal tubulopathy and should prompt an evaluation of renal function in at-risk patients.
Prior to or when initiating DELSTRIGO, and during treatment with DELSTRIGO, on a clinically appropriate schedule, assess serum creatinine, estimated creatinine clearance, urine glucose and urine protein in all patients. In patients with chronic kidney disease, also assess serum phosphorus. Discontinue DELSTRIGO in patients who develop clinically significant decreases in renal function or evidence of Fanconi syndrome.
The lamivudine and TDF components of DELSTRIGO are primarily excreted by the kidney. Discontinue DELSTRIGO if estimated creatinine clearance declines below 50 mL/min as dose interval adjustment required for lamivudine and TDF cannot be achieved with the fixed-dose combination tablet [see Use In Specific Populations].
The concomitant use of DELSTRIGO and certain other drugs may result in known or potentially significant drug interactions, some of which may lead to [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, CONTRAINDICATIONS, and DRUG INTERACTIONS]:
See Table 6 for steps to prevent or manage these possible and known significant drug interactions, including dosing recommendations. Consider the potential for drug interactions prior to and during DELSTRIGO therapy, review concomitant medications during DELSTRIGO therapy, and monitor for adverse reactions.
In clinical trials in HIV-1 infected adults, TDF (a component of DELSTRIGO) was associated with slightly greater decreases in bone mineral density (BMD) and increases in biochemical markers of bone metabolism, suggesting increased bone turnover relative to comparators. Serum parathyroid hormone levels and 1,25 Vitamin D levels were also higher in subjects receiving TDF.
The effects of TDF-associated changes in BMD and biochemical markers on long-term bone health and future fracture risk are unknown. Assessment of BMD should be considered for HIV-1 infected adult patients who have a history of pathologic bone fracture or other risk factors for osteoporosis or bone loss. Although the effect of supplementation with calcium and vitamin D was not studied, such supplementation may be beneficial in all patients. If bone abnormalities are suspected, then appropriate consultation should be obtained.
Cases of osteomalacia associated with proximal renal tubulopathy, manifested as bone pain or pain in extremities and which may contribute to fractures, have been reported in association with the use of TDF [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Arthralgias and muscle pain or weakness have also been reported in cases of proximal renal tubulopathy. Hypophosphatemia and osteomalacia secondary to proximal renal tubulopathy should be considered in patients at risk of renal dysfunction who present with persistent or worsening bone or muscle symptoms while receiving products containing TDF [see New Onset Or Worsening Renal Impairment].
Immune reconstitution syndrome has been reported in patients treated with combination antiretroviral therapy. During the initial phase of combination antiretroviral treatment, patients whose immune system responds may develop an inflammatory response to indolent or residual opportunistic infections (such as Mycobacterium avium infection, cytomegalovirus, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), or tuberculosis), which may necessitate further evaluation and treatment.
Autoimmune disorders (such as Graves’ disease, polymyositis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and autoimmune hepatitis) have also been reported to occur in the setting of immune reconstitution; however, the time to onset is more variable and can occur many months after initiation of treatment.
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (PATIENT INFORMATION).
Inform patients that severe acute exacerbations of hepatitis B have been reported in patients who are coinfected with HIV-1 and HBV and have discontinued lamivudine or TDF and may occur with discontinuation of DELSTRIGO [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. Advise patients not to discontinue DELSTRIGO without first informing their healthcare provider.
Inform patients that DELSTRIGO may interact with certain other drugs; therefore, advise patients to report to their healthcare provider the use of any other prescription or nonprescription medication or herbal products, including St. John’s wort [see CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, and DRUG INTERACTIONS].
For patients concomitantly receiving rifabutin, take one tablet of doravirine (PIFELTRO) 100 mg approximately 12 hours after the dose of DELSTRIGO [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Inform patients that renal impairment, including cases of acute renal failure and Fanconi syndrome, has been reported in association with the use of TDF. Advise patients to avoid DELSTRIGO with concurrent or recent use of a nephrotoxic agent (e.g., high-dose or multiple NSAIDS) [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Inform patients that decreases in bone mineral density have been observed with the use of TDF, a component of DELSTRIGO. Assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) should be considered in patients who have a history of pathologic bone fracture or other risk factors for osteoporosis or bone loss [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Inform patients that in some patients with advanced HIV infection (AIDS), signs and symptoms of inflammation from previous infections may occur soon after anti-HIV treatment is started. It is believed that these symptoms are due to an improvement in the body's immune response, enabling the body to fight infections that may have been present with no obvious symptoms. Advise patients to inform their healthcare provider immediately of any symptoms of infection [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Advise patients to take DELSTRIGO every day at a regularly scheduled time with or without food. Inform patients that it is important not to miss or skip doses as it can result in development of resistance. If a patient forgets to take DELSTRIGO, tell the patient to take the missed dose right away, unless it is almost time for the next dose. Advise the patient not to take 2 doses at one time and to take the next dose at the regularly scheduled time.
Inform patients that there is an antiretroviral pregnancy registry to monitor fetal outcomes of pregnant individuals exposed to DELSTRIGO [see Use In Specific Populations].
Instruct mothers with HIV-1 infection not to breastfeed because HIV-1 can be passed to the baby in breast milk [see Use In Specific Populations].
Doravirine
Doravirine was not carcinogenic in long-term oral carcinogenicity studies in mice and rats at exposures up to 6 and 7 times, respectively, the human exposures at the RHD. A statistically significant incidence of thyroid parafollicular cell adenoma and carcinoma seen only in female rats at the high dose was within the range observed in historical controls.
Lamivudine
Long-term carcinogenicity studies with lamivudine in mice and rats showed no evidence of carcinogenic potential at exposures up to 10 times (mice) and 58 times (rats) the human exposures at the RHD.
TDF
Long-term oral carcinogenicity studies of TDF in mice and rats were carried out at exposures up to approximately 16 times (mice) and 5 times (rats) those observed in humans at the RHD. At the high dose in female mice, liver adenomas were increased at exposures 16 times of that in humans. In rats, the study was negative for carcinogenic findings at exposures up to 5 times that observed in humans at the RHD.
Doravirine
Doravirine was not genotoxic in a battery of in vitro or in vivo assays, including microbial mutagenesis, chromosomal aberration in Chinese hamster ovary cells, and in in vivo rat micronucleus assays.
Lamivudine
Lamivudine was mutagenic in an L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay and clastogenic in a cytogenetic assay using cultured human lymphocytes. Lamivudine was not mutagenic in a microbial mutagenicity assay, in an in vitro cell transformation assay, in a rat micronucleus test, in a rat bone marrow cytogenetic assay, and in an assay for unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat liver. Lamivudine showed no evidence of in vivo genotoxic activity in the rat at oral doses of up to 2,000 mg per kg, producing plasma levels of 35 to 45 times those in humans at the recommended dose for HIV-1 infection.
TDF
TDF was mutagenic in the in vitro mouse lymphoma assay and negative in an in vitro bacterial mutagenicity test (Ames test). In an in vivo mouse micronucleus assay, TDF was negative when administered to male mice.
Doravirine
There were no effects on fertility, mating performance or early embryonic development when doravirine was administered to rats up to the highest dose tested. Systemic exposures (AUC) to doravirine were approximately 7 times the exposure in humans at the RHD.
Lamivudine
In a study of reproductive performance, lamivudine administered to rats at doses up to 4,000 mg per kg per day, producing plasma levels 47 to 70 times those in humans, revealed no evidence of impaired fertility and no effect on the survival, growth, and development to weaning of the offspring.
TDF
There were no effects on fertility, mating performance or early embryonic development when TDF was administered to male rats at a dose equivalent to 10 times the RHD based on body surface area comparisons for 28 days prior to mating and to female rats for 15 days prior to mating through day 7 of gestation. There was, however, an alteration of the estrous cycle in female rats.
There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in individuals exposed to DELSTRIGO during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (APR) at 1-800-258-4263.
There is insufficient prospective pregnancy data from the APR to adequately assess the risk of birth defects and miscarriage. Doravirine use in individuals during pregnancy has not been evaluated; however, lamivudine and TDF use during pregnancy has been evaluated in a limited number of individuals reported to the APR. Available data from the APR show no difference in the overall risk of major birth defects for lamivudine and TDF compared with the background rate for major birth defects of 2.7% in the U.S. reference population of the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) (see Data). The rate of miscarriage is not reported in the APR. The estimated background rate of miscarriage in the clinically recognized pregnancies in the U.S. general population is 15-20%. Methodological limitations of the APR include the use of MACDP as the external comparator group. The MACDP population is not disease-specific, evaluates individuals and infants from the limited geographic area, and does not include outcomes for births that occurred at less than 20 weeks gestation.
In animal reproduction studies, oral administration of lamivudine to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis resulted in embryolethality at systemic exposure (AUC) similar to the recommended clinical dose; however, no adverse development effects were observed with oral administration of lamivudine to pregnant rats during organogenesis at plasma concentrations (Cmax) 35 times the recommended clinical dose.
No adverse developmental effects were observed when doravirine and TDF were administered separately at doses/exposures ≥8 (doravirine) and ≥14 (TDF) times those of the recommended human dose (RHD) of DELSTRIGO (see Data).
Lamivudine
The APR has received a total of over 12,000 prospective reports with follow-up data of possible exposure to lamivudine-containing regimens; over 5,400 reports in the first trimester; over 5,500 reports in the second trimester; and over 1,800 reports in the third trimester. Birth defects occurred in 151 of 5,008 (3.0%, 95% CI: 2.6% to 3.5%) live births for lamivudine-containing regimens (first trimester exposure); and 210 of 7,356 (2.9%, 95% CI: 2.5% to 3.3%) live births for lamivudine-containing regimens (second/third trimester exposure). Among pregnant mothers in the U.S. reference population, the background rate of birth defects is 2.7%. There was no association between lamivudine and overall birth defects observed in the APR.
TDF
The APR has received a total of over 5,500 prospective reports with follow-up data of possible exposure to tenofovir disoproxil-containing regimens; over 3,900 reports in the first trimester; over 1,000 reports in the second trimester; and over 500 reports in the third trimester. Birth defects occurred in 82 of 3,535 (2.3%, 95% CI: 1.9% to 2.9%) live births for TDF-containing regimens (first trimester exposure); and 35 of 1,570 (2.2%, 95% CI: 1.6% to 3.1%) live births for TDF-containing regimens (second/third trimester exposure). Among pregnant mothers in the U.S. reference population, the background rate of birth defects is 2.7%. There was no association between tenofovir and overall birth defects observed in the APR.
Doravirine
Doravirine was administered orally to pregnant rabbits (up to 300 mg/kg/day on gestation days (GD) 7 to 20) and rats (up to 450 mg/kg/day on GD 6 to 20 and separately from GD 6 to lactation/postpartum day 20). No significant toxicological effects on embryo-fetal (rats and rabbits) or pre/post-natal (rats) development were observed at exposures (AUC) approximately 9 times (rats) and 8 times (rabbits) the exposure in humans at the RHD. Doravirine was transferred to the fetus through the placenta in embryo-fetal studies, with fetal plasma concentrations of up to 40% (rabbits) and 52% (rats) that of maternal concentrations observed on gestation day 20.
Lamivudine
Lamivudine was administered orally to pregnant rats (at 90, 600, and 4,000 mg per kg per day) and rabbits (at 90, 300, and 1,000 mg per kg per day and at 15, 40, and 90 mg per kg per day) during organogenesis (on gestation Days 7 through 16 [rat] and 8 through 20 [rabbit]). No evidence of fetal malformations due to lamivudine was observed in rats and rabbits at doses producing plasma concentrations (Cmax) approximately 35 times higher than human exposure at the recommended daily dose. Evidence of early embryolethality was seen in the rabbit at system exposures (AUC) similar to those observed in humans, but there was no indication of this effect in the rat at plasma concentrations (Cmax) 35 times higher than human exposure at the recommended daily dose. Studies in pregnant rats showed that lamivudine is transferred to the fetus through the placenta. In the fertility/pre- and postnatal development study in rats, lamivudine was administered orally at doses of 180, 900, and 4,000 mg per kg per day (from prior to mating through postnatal Day 20). In the study, development of the offspring, including fertility and reproductive performance, was not affected by maternal administration of lamivudine.
TDF
Reproduction studies have been performed in rats and rabbits at doses up to 14 and 19 times the human dose based on body surface area comparisons and revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that HIV-1-infected mothers in the United States not breastfeed their infants to avoid risking potential transmission of HIV-1 infection.
Based on limited published data, both lamivudine and tenofovir are present in human milk. It is unknown whether doravirine is present in human milk, but doravirine is present in the milk of lactating rats (see Data). It is not known whether DELSTRIGO or the components of DELSTRIGO affects human milk production, or has effects on the breastfed infant. Because of the potential for (1) HIV-1 transmission (in HIV-negative infants), (2) developing viral resistance (in HIV-positive infants), and (3) serious adverse reactions in a breastfed infant, instruct mothers not to breastfeed if they are receiving DELSTRIGO.
Doravirine
Doravirine was excreted into the milk of lactating rats following oral administration (450 mg/kg/day) from gestation day 6 to lactation day 14, with milk concentrations approximately 1.5 times that of maternal plasma concentrations observed 2 hours post dose on lactation day 14.
Safety and efficacy of DELSTRIGO have not been established in pediatric patients less than 18 years of age.
Clinical trials of doravirine, lamivudine, or TDF did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 years and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. In general, caution should be exercised in the administration of DELSTRIGO in elderly patients reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
Because DELSTRIGO is a fixed-dose combination tablet and the dosage of lamivudine and TDF, both components of DELSTRIGO, cannot be altered, DELSTRIGO is not recommended in patients with estimated creatinine clearance less than 50 mL/min [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
No dosage adjustment of DELSTRIGO is required in patients with mild (Child-Pugh Class A) or moderate (Child-Pugh Class B) hepatic impairment. DELSTRIGO has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
No data are available on overdose of DELSTRIGO in patients and there is no known specific treatment for overdose with DELSTRIGO. If overdose occurs, the patient should be monitored and standard supportive treatment applied as required.
There is no known specific treatment for overdose with doravirine.
Because a negligible amount of lamivudine was removed via (4-hour) hemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and automated peritoneal dialysis, it is not known if continuous hemodialysis would provide clinical benefit in a lamivudine overdose event.
TDF is efficiently removed by hemodialysis with an extraction coefficient of approximately 54%. Following a single 300 mg dose of TDF, a 4-hour hemodialysis session removed approximately 10% of the administered tenofovir dose.
DELSTRIGO is a fixed-dose combination of the antiretroviral drugs doravirine, lamivudine, and TDF [see Microbiology].
In a Phase 2 trial evaluating doravirine over a dose range of 0.25 to 2 times the recommended dose of doravirine in DELSTRIGO (in combination with FTC/TDF) in HIV-1 infected subjects with no antiretroviral treatment history, no exposure-response relationship for efficacy was identified for doravirine.
At a doravirine dose of 1200 mg, which provides approximately 4 times the peak concentration observed following the recommended dose of doravirine in DELSTRIGO does not prolong the QT interval to any clinically relevant extent.
Single-dose administration of one DELSTRIGO tablet to healthy subjects provided comparable exposures of doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir to administration of doravirine tablets (100 mg) plus lamivudine tablets (300 mg) plus TDF tablets (300 mg). Doravirine pharmacokinetics are similar in healthy subjects and HIV-1-infected subjects. Pharmacokinetic properties of the components of DELSTRIGO are provided in Table 7.
Table 7: Pharmacokinetic Properties of the Components of DELSTRIGO
| Parameter | Doravirine | Lamivudine | Tenofovir |
| General | |||
| Steady State Exposure* | |||
| AUC0-24 (mcg•h/mL) | 16.1 (29)† | 8.87 ± 1.83‡ | 2.29 ± 0.69§ |
| Cmax (mcg/mL) | 0.962 (19)† | 2.04 ± 0.54‡ | 0.30 ± 0.09§ |
| C24 (mcg/mL) | 0.396 (63)† | NA | NA |
| Absorption | |||
| Absolute Bioavailability | 64% | 86% | 25% |
| Tmax (h) | 2 | NA | 1 |
| Effect of Food¶ | |||
| AUC Ratio | 1.10 (1.01, 1.20) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.03) | 1.27 (1.17, 1.37) |
| Cmax Ratio | 0.95 (0.80, 1.12) | 0.81 (0.65, 1.01) | 0.88 (0.74, 1.04) |
| C24 Ratio | 1.26 (1.13, 1.41) | NA | NA |
| Distribution | |||
| Vdss# | 60.5 L | 1.3 L/kg | 1.3 L/kg |
| Plasma Protein Binding | 76% | < 36% | <0.7% |
| Elimination | |||
| t1/2 (h) | 15 | 5-7 | 17 |
| CL/F (mL/ min)* | 106 (35.2) | 398.5 ± 69.1 | 1,043.7 ± 115.4 |
| CLrenal (mL/ min)* | 9.3 (18.6) | 199.7 ± 56.9 | 243.5 ± 33.3 |
| Metabolism | |||
| Primary Pathway(s) | CYP3A | Minor | No CYP Metabolism |
| Excretion | |||
| Major route of elimination | Metabolism | Glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion | Glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion |
| Urine (unchanged) | 6% | 71% | 70-80% |
| Biliary/Fecal (unchanged) | Minor | NA | NA |
| *Presented as geometric mean (%CV: geometric coefficient of variation) or mean ± SD. †Doravirine 100 mg once daily to HIV-1 infected subjects. ‡Lamivudine 300 mg once daily for 7 days to 60 healthy subjects. §Single 300 mg dose of TDF to HIV-1-infected subjects in the fasted state. ¶Geometric mean ratio [high-fat meal/fasting] and (90% confidence interval) for PK parameters. High fat meal is approximately 1000 kcal, 50% fat. The effect of food is not clinically relevant. #Based on IV dose. Abbreviations: NA=not available; AUC=area under the time concentration curve; Cmax=maximum concentration; C24=concentration at 24 hours; Tmax=time to Cmax; Vdss=apparent volume of distribution at steady state; t1/2=elimination half-life; CL/F=apparent clearance; CLrenal = renal clearance |
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No clinically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of certain DELSTRIGO components were observed based on age ≥ 65 years (for doravirine), sex (for doravirine, lamivudine, TDF), and race/ethnicity (for doravirine, lamivudine). The effects of age (≥ 65 years) on the pharmacokinetics of lamivudine, TDF and the effect of race on the pharmacokinetics of TDF are unknown. The pharmacokinetics of doravirine in patients <18 years of age is unknown.
Doravirine
No clinically significant difference in the pharmacokinetics of doravirine were observed in subjects with mild to severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance (CLcr) >15 mL/min, estimated by Cockcroft-Gault). Doravirine has not been studied in patients with end-stage renal disease or in patients undergoing dialysis.
Lamivudine
The AUCinf, Cmax, and half-life of lamivudine increased and CL/F decreased to a clinically significant extent with diminishing renal function (CLcr 111 to < 10 mL/min).
TDF
A clinically significant increase in the Cmax and AUC of tenofovir was observed in subjects with CLcr < 50 mL/min or with end stage renal disease requiring dialysis [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and Use In Specific Populations].
Doravirine
No clinically significant difference in the pharmacokinetics of doravirine was observed in subjects with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score B) compared to subjects without hepatic impairment. Doravirine has not been studied in subjects with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score C).
Lamivudine
No clinically significant differences in lamivudine pharmacokinetics were observed with diminishing hepatic function. Safety and efficacy of lamivudine have not been established in the presence of decompensated liver disease.
TDF
No clinically significant differences in tenofovir pharmacokinetics were observed between subjects with any degree of hepatic impairment and healthy subjects.
DELSTRIGO is a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 infection; therefore, DELSTRIGO is not recommended to be administered with other HIV-1 antiretroviral medications. Information regarding potential drug-drug interactions with other antiretroviral medications is not provided.
>The drug interaction trials described were conducted with doravirine, lamivudine and/or TDF, as single entities; no drug interaction trials have been conducted using the combination of doravirine, lamivudine, and TDF. No clinically relevant drug interactions were observed between doravirine, lamivudine, and TDF.
Doravirine is primarily metabolized by CYP3A, and drugs that induce or inhibit CYP3A may affect the clearance of doravirine. Co-administration of doravirine and drugs that induce CYP3A may result in decreased plasma concentrations of doravirine. Co-administration of doravirine and drugs that inhibit CYP3A may result in increased plasma concentrations of doravirine.
Doravirine is not likely to have a clinically relevant effect on the exposure of medicinal products metabolized by CYP enzymes. Doravirine did not inhibit major drug metabolizing enzymes in vitro, including CYPs 1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4, and UGT1A1 and is not likely to be an inducer of CYP1A2, 2B6, or 3A4. Based on in vitro assays, doravirine is not likely to be an inhibitor of OATP1B1, OATP1B3, P-glycoprotein, BSEP, OAT1, OAT3, OCT2, MATE1, and MATE2K. Drug interaction studies were performed with doravirine and other drugs likely to be co-administered or commonly used as probes for pharmacokinetic interactions. The effects of co-administration with other drugs on the exposure (Cmax, AUC, and C24) of doravirine are summarized in Table 8. A single doravirine 100 mg dose was administered in these studies unless otherwise noted.
Table 8: Drug Interactions: Changes in Pharmacokinetic Parameter Values of Doravirine in the
Presence of Co-administered Drug
| Co-administered Drug | Regimen of Co-administered Drug | N | Geometric Mean Ratio (90% CI) of Doravirine Pharmacokinetics with/without Co-administered Drug (No Effect=1.00) | ||
| AUC* | Cmax | C24 | |||
| Azole Antifungal Agents | |||||
| ketoconazole† | 400 mg QD | 10 | 3.06 (2.85, 3.29) |
1.25 (1.05, 1.49) |
2.75 (2.54, 2.98) |
| Antimycobacterials | |||||
| rifampin | 600 mg QD | 10 | 0.12 (0.10, 0.15) |
0.43 (0.35, 0.52) |
0.03 (0.02, 0.04) |
| rifabutin | 300 mg QD | 12 | 0.50 (0.45, 0.55) |
0.99 (0.85, 1.15) |
0.32 (0.28, 0.35) |
| HIV Antiviral Agents | |||||
| ritonavir†,‡ | 100 mg BID | 8 | 3.54 (3.04, 4.11) |
1.31 (1.17, 1.46) |
2.91 (2.33, 3.62) |
| efavirenz | 600 mg QD§ | 17 | 0.38 (0.33, 0.45) |
0.65 (0.58, 0.73) |
0.15 (0.10, 0.23) |
| 600 mg QD¶ | 17 | 0.68 (0.58, 0.80) |
0.86 (0.77, 0.97) |
0.50 (0.39, 0.64) |
|
| CI = confidence interval; QD = once daily *AUCinf for single-dose, AUC0-24 for once daily. †Changes in doravirine pharmacokinetic values are not clinically relevant. ‡A single doravirine 50 mg dose (0.5 times the recommended approved dose) was administered. §The first day following the cessation of efavirenz therapy and initiation of doravirine 100 mg QD. ¶14 days following the cessation of efavirenz therapy and initiation of doravirine 100 mg QD. |
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Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
Co-administration of TMP/SMX with lamivudine resulted in an increase of 43% ±23% (mean ±SD) in lamivudine AUC∞, a decrease of 29% ±13% in lamivudine oral clearance, and a decrease of 30% ±36% in lamivudine renal clearance. The pharmacokinetic properties of TMP and SMX were not altered by co-administration with lamivudine.
Sorbitol (Excipient)
Co-administration of lamivudine with a single dose of 3.2 grams, 10.2 grams, or 13.4 grams of sorbitol resulted in dose-dependent decreases of 14%, 32%, and 36% in the AUC∞; and 28%, 52%, and 55% in the Cmax of lamivudine, respectively.
No clinically significant changes in exposure were observed for tenofovir when co-administered with tacrolimus or entecavir.
No clinically significant changes in exposure were observed for the following drugs when co-administered with tenofovir: tacrolimus, entecavir, methadone, or ethinyl estradiol/norgestimate.
Doravirine
Doravirine is a pyridinone non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor of HIV-1 and inhibits HIV-1 replication by non-competitive inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Doravirine does not inhibit the human cellular DNA polymerases α, ß, and mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ.
Lamivudine
Lamivudine is a synthetic nucleoside analogue. Intracellularly, lamivudine is phosphorylated to its active 5´-triphosphate metabolite, lamivudine triphosphate (3TC-TP). The principal mode of action of 3TC-TP is inhibition of RT via DNA chain termination after incorporation of the nucleotide analogue. Lamivudine triphosphate (3TC-TP) is a weak inhibitor of mammalian DNA polymerases α, β, and mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ.
TDF
TDF is an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate diester analog of adenosine monophosphate. TDF requires initial diester hydrolysis for conversion to tenofovir and subsequent phosphorylations by cellular enzymes to form tenofovir diphosphate. Tenofovir diphosphate inhibits the activity of HIV-1 RT by competing with the natural substrate deoxyadenosine 5′-triphosphate and, after incorporation into DNA, by DNA chain termination. Tenofovir diphosphate is a weak inhibitor of mammalian DNA polymerases α, β, and mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ.
Doravirine
Doravirine exhibited an EC50 value of 12.0±4.4 nM against wild-type laboratory strains of HIV-1 when tested in the presence of 100% normal human serum (NHS) using MT4-GFP reporter cells. Doravirine demonstrated antiviral activity against a broad panel of primary HIV-1 isolates (A, A1, AE, AG, B, BF, C, D, G, H) with EC50 values ranging from 1.2 nM to 10.0 nM. The antiviral activity of doravirine was not antagonistic when combined with lamivudine and TDF.
Lamivudine
The antiviral activity of lamivudine against HIV-1 was assessed in a number of cell lines including monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using standard susceptibility assays. EC50 values were in the range of 3 to 15,000 nM (1,000 nM = 230 ng per mL). The median EC50 values of lamivudine were 60 nM (range: 20 to 70 nM), 35 nM (range: 30 to 40 nM), 30 nM (range: 20 to 90 nM), 20 nM (range: 3 to 40 nM), 30 nM (range: 1 to 60 nM), 30 nM (range: 20 to 70 nM), 30 nM (range: 3 to 70 nM), and 30 nM (range: 20 to 90 nM) against HIV-1 clades A-G and group O viruses (n = 3 except n = 2 for clade B) respectively. Ribavirin (50 μM) used in the treatment of chronic HCV infection decreased the anti-HIV-1 activity of lamivudine by 3.5-fold in MT-4 cells.
TDF
The antiviral activity of tenofovir against laboratory and clinical isolates of HIV-1 was assessed in T lymphoblastoid cell lines, primary monocyte/macrophage cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes. The EC50 values for tenofovir were in the range of 0.04–8.5 μM. Tenofovir displayed antiviral activity in cell culture against HIV-1 clades A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and O (EC50 values ranged from 0.5–2.2 μM).
Doravirine
Doravirine-resistant strains were selected in cell culture starting from wild-type HIV-1 of different origins and subtypes, as well as NNRTI-resistant HIV-1. Observed emergent amino acid substitutions in RT included: V106A, V106M, V106I, V108I, H221Y, F227C, F227I, F227L, F227V, M230I, L234I, P236L, and Y318F.
Lamivudine
Lamivudine-resistant variants of HIV-1 have been selected in cell culture and in subjects treated with lamivudine. Genotypic analysis showed that substitutions M184I or V cause resistance to lamivudine.
TDF
HIV-1 isolates selected by tenofovir in cell culture expressed a K65R substitution in HIV-1 RT and showed a 2–4 -fold reduction in susceptibility to tenofovir. In addition, a K70E substitution in HIV-1 RT has been selected by tenofovir and results in low-level reduced susceptibility to abacavir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, and tenofovir.
Doravirine
In the doravirine treatment arm of the DRIVE-AHEAD trial (n=364) at Week 48, 9 subjects showed the emergence of doravirine-associated resistance substitutions among 20 (45%) subjects in the resistance analysis subset (subjects with HIV-1 RNA greater than 400 copies per mL at virologic failure or early study discontinuation and having resistance data). Emergent doravirine resistance-associated substitutions in RT included one or more of the following: A98G, V106I, V106A, V106M/T, V108I, E138G/K, Y188L, H221Y, P225H, F227C, F227C/R, and Y318Y/F. Six of the 9 subjects with emergent doravirineassociated resistance substitutions showed doravirine phenotypic resistance and all of them had a greater than 100-fold reduction in doravirine susceptibility (range >103 to >211). The other 3 virologic failures who had only amino acid mixtures of NNRTI resistance substitutions showed doravirine phenotypic fold-changes of less than 2-fold.
In the EFV/FTC/TDF treatment arm of the DRIVE-AHEAD trial (n=364), 12 subjects showed the emergence of efavirenz-associated resistance substitutions among 20 (60%) subjects in the resistance analysis subset.
Lamivudine and TDF
In a pooled analysis of antiretroviral-naïve subjects who received doravirine, lamivudine, and TDF, genotyping was performed on plasma HIV-1 isolates from all subjects with HIV-1 RNA greater than 400 copies per mL at confirmed virologic failure, at Week 48, or at time of early study drug discontinuation. Genotypic resistance developed in 7 evaluable subjects. The resistance– associated substitutions that emerged were RT M41L (n=1), A62V (n=1), K65R (n=2), T69T/A (n=1) and M184V (n=4). In comparison, genotypic resistance to emtricitabine or tenofovir developed in 5 evaluable subjects who received EFV/FTC/TDF in DRIVE-AHEAD; emergent resistance-associated substitutions were RT K65R (n=1), D67G/K70E (n=1), L74V/V75M/V118I (n=1) and M184V/I (n=5).
In the DRIVE-SHIFT clinical trial [see Clinical Studies], there were 6 subjects in the immediate switch group (n=447) and 2 subjects in the delayed switch group (n=209) who met the protocol-defined virologic failure criteria (confirmed HIV-1 RNA ≥ 50 copies/mL). Two of the 6 virologic failure subjects in the immediate switch group had available resistance data and neither developed detectable genotypic or phenotypic resistance to doravirine, lamivudine, or tenofovir during treatment with DELSTRIGO. One of the two virologic failure subjects in the delayed switch group who had available resistance data developed the RT M184M/I substitution and phenotypic resistance to emtricitabine and lamivudine during treatment with their baseline regimen.
No significant cross-resistance has been demonstrated between doravirine-resistant HIV-1 variants and lamivudine/emtricitabine or tenofovir or between lamivudine or tenofovir-resistant variants and doravirine.
Doravirine
A panel of 96 diverse clinical isolates containing NNRTI-associated substitutions was evaluated for susceptibility to doravirine. Clinical isolates containing the Y188L substitution alone or in combination with K103N or V106I, V106A in combination with G190A and F227L, or E138K in combination with Y181C and M230L showed greater than 100-fold reduced susceptibility to doravirine.
Cross-resistance has been observed among NNRTIs. Treatment-emergent doravirine resistance associated substitutions can confer cross resistance to efavirenz, etravirine, nevirapine, and rilpivirine. Of the 6 virologic failures who developed doravirine phenotypic resistance, all had phenotypic resistance to efavirenz and nevirapine, 4 had phenotypic resistance to rilpivirine, and 3 had partial resistance to etravirine based on the Monogram PhenoSense assay.
Lamivudine
Cross-resistance has been observed among NRTIs. The M184I/V lamivudine resistance substitution confers resistance to abacavir, didanosine and emtricitabine. Lamivudine also has reduced susceptibility against the K65R substitution.
TDF
Cross-resistance has been observed among NRTIs. The K65R substitution in HIV-1 RT selected by tenofovir is also selected in some HIV-1-infected patients treated with abacavir or didanosine. HIV-1 isolates with the K65R substitution also showed reduced susceptibility to emtricitabine and lamivudine. Therefore, cross-resistance among these NRTIs may occur in patients whose virus harbors the K65R substitution. The K70E substitution selected clinically by TDF results in reduced susceptibility to abacavir, didanosine, emtricitabine, lamivudine, and tenofovir. HIV-1 isolates from patients (n=20) whose HIV-1 expressed a mean of 3 zidovudine-associated RT amino acid substitutions (M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, or K219Q/E/N) showed a 3.1-fold decrease in the susceptibility to tenofovir. Subjects whose virus expressed an L74V RT substitution without zidovudine resistance-associated substitutions (n=8) had reduced response to TDF. Limited data are available for patients whose virus expressed a Y115F substitution (n=3), Q151M substitution (n=2), or T69 insertion (n=4) in HIV-1 RT, all of whom had a reduced response in clinical trials.
The efficacy of DELSTRIGO is based on the analyses of 48-week data from a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, active controlled Phase 3 trial (DRIVE-AHEAD, NCT02403674) in HIV-1 infected subjects with no antiretroviral treatment history (n=728).
Subjects were randomized and received at least 1 dose of either DELSTRIGO or EFV 600 mg/FTC 200 mg/TDF 300 mg once daily. At baseline, the median age of subjects was 31 years, 15% were female, 52% were non-white, 3% had hepatitis B or C coinfection, 14% had a history of AIDS, 21% had HIV-1 RNA greater than 100,000 copies/mL, and 88% had CD4+ T-cell count greater than 200 cells/mm3; these characteristics were similar between treatment groups. Week 48 outcomes for DRIVE-AHEAD are provided in Table 9.
Mean CD4+ T-cell counts in the DELSTRIGO and EFV/FTC/TDF groups increased from baseline by 198 and 188 cells/mm3, respectively.
Table 9: Virologic Outcomes in DRIVE-AHEAD at Week 48 in HIV-1 Adult Subjects with No
Antiretroviral Treatment History
| Outcome | DELSTRIGO Once Daily N=364 |
EFV/FTC/TDF Once Daily N=364 |
| HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL | 84% | 81% |
| Treatment Difference (95% CI)* | 3.5% (-2.0%, 9.0%) | |
| HIV-1 RNA ≥ 50 copies/mL† | 11% | 10% |
| No Virologic Data at Week 48 Window | 5% | 9% |
| Discontinued study due to AE or Death‡ | 2% | 7% |
| Discontinued study for Other Reasons§ | 2% | 2% |
| On study but missing data in window | 0 | <1% |
| Proportion (%) of Subjects With HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL at Week 48 by Baseline and Demographic Category | ||
| Gender | ||
| Male | 84% (N = 305) | 80% (N = 311) |
| Female | 85% (N = 59) | 83% (N = 53) |
| Race | ||
| White | 84% (N = 177) | 81% (N = 170) |
| Non-White | 84% (N = 187) | 80% (N = 194) |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Hispanic or Latino | 83% (N = 126) | 84% (N = 120) |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 85% (N = 236) | 79% (N = 238) |
| Baseline HIV-1 RNA (copies/mL) | ||
| ≤100,000 copies/mL | 86% (N = 291) | 83% (N = 282) |
| >100,000 copies/mL | 77% (N = 73) | 72% (N = 82) |
| CD4+ T-cell Count (cells/mm3) | ||
| ≤200 cells/mm3 | 66% (N = 44) | 78% (N = 46) |
| >200 cells/mm3 | 87% (N = 320) | 81% (N = 318) |
| Viral Subtype¶ | ||
| Subtype B | 84% (N = 232) | 80% (N = 253) |
| Subtype Non-B | 85% (N = 130) | 83% (N = 111) |
| ¶Viral subtype was not available for two subjects. | ||
|
*The 95% CI for the treatment difference was calculated using stratum-adjusted Mantel-Haenszel method. †Includes subjects who discontinued study drug or study before Week 48 for lack or loss of efficacy and subjects with HIV-1 RNA equal to or above 50 copies/mL in the Week 48 window (relative day 295378). ‡Includes subjects who discontinued because of adverse event (AE) or death if this resulted in no virologic data in the Week 48 window. §Other reasons include: lost to follow-up, non-compliance with study drug, physician decision, pregnancy, protocol deviation, screen failure, withdrawal by subject. |
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The efficacy of switching from a baseline regimen consisting of two NRTIs in combination with a PI plus either ritonavir or cobicistat, or elvitegravir plus cobicistat, or an NNRTI to DELSTRIGO was evaluated in a randomized, open-label trial (DRIVE-SHIFT, NCT02397096), in virologically-suppressed HIV-1 infected adults. Subjects must have been virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) on their baseline regimen for at least 6 months prior to trial entry, with no history of virologic failure. Subjects were randomized to either switch to DELSTRIGO at baseline [n = 447, Immediate Switch Group (ISG)], or stay on their baseline regimen until Week 24, at which point they switched to DELSTRIGO [n = 223, Delayed Switch Group (DSG)].
At baseline, the median age of subjects was 43 years, 16% were female, and 24% were Non-White, 21% were of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 3% had hepatitis B and/or C virus co-infection, 17% had a history of AIDS, 96% had CD4+ T-cell count greater than or equal to 200 cells/mm3, 70% were on a regimen containing a PI plus ritonavir, 24% were on a regimen containing an NNRTI, 6% were on a regimen containing elvitegravir plus cobicistat, and 1% were on a regimen containing a PI plus cobicistat; these characteristics were similar between treatment groups.
Virologic outcome results are shown in Table 10.
Table 10: Virologic Outcomes in DRIVE-SHIFT in HIV-1 Virologically-Suppressed Subjects Who
Switched to DELSTRIGO
| Outcome | DELSTRIGO Once Daily ISG Week 48 N=447 |
Baseline Regimen DSG Week 24 N=223 |
| HIV-1 RNA ≥ 50 copies/mL* | 2% | 1% |
| ISG-DSG, Difference (95% CI) †‡ | 0.7% (-1.3%, 2.6%) | |
| HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL | 91% | 95% |
| No Virologic Data Within the Time Window | 8% | 4% |
| Discontinued study due to AE or Death§ | 3% | <1% |
| Discontinued study for Other Reasons¶ | 4% | 4% |
| On study but missing data in window | 0 | 0 |
| Proportion (%) of Subjects With HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL by Baseline and Demographic Category | ||
| Age (years) | ||
| < 50 | 90% (N = 320) | 95% (N = 157) |
| ≥ 50 | 94% (N = 127) | 94% (N = 66) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 91% (N = 372) | 94% (N = 194) |
| Female | 91% (N = 75) | 100% (N = 29) |
| Race | ||
| White | 90% (N = 344) | 95% (N = 168) |
| Non-White | 93% (N = 103) | 93% (N = 55) |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Hispanic or Latino | 88% (N = 99) | 91% (N = 45) |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 91% (N = 341) | 95% (N = 175) |
| CD4+ T-cell Count (cells/mm3) | ||
| <200 cells/mm3 | 85% (N = 13) | 75% (N = 4) |
| ≥200 cells/mm3 | 91% (N = 426) | 95% (N = 216) |
| Baseline Regimen# | ||
| PI plus either ritonavir or cobicistat | 90% (N=316) | 94% (N=156) |
| elvitegravir plus cobicistat or NNRTI | 93% (N=131) | 96% (N=67) |
|
*Includes subjects who discontinued study drug or study before Week 48 for ISG or before Week 24 for DSG for lack or loss of efficacy and subjects with HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL in the Week 48 window for ISG and in the Week 24 window for DSG † The 95% CI for the treatment difference was calculated using stratum-adjusted Mantel-Haenszel method. ‡ Assessed using a non-inferiority margin of 4%. §Includes subjects who discontinued because of adverse event (AE) or death if this resulted in no virologic data on treatment during the specified window. ¶ Other reasons include: lost to follow-up, non-compliance with study drug, physician decision, protocol deviation, withdrawal by subject. #Baseline Regimen = PI plus either ritonavir or cobicistat (specifically atazanavir, darunavir, or lopinavir), or elvitegravir plus cobicistat, or NNRTI (specifically efavirenz, nevirapine, or rilpivirine), each administered with two NRTIs. |
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DELSTRIGO™
(del-STREE-go)
(doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)
tablets
What is the most important information I should know about DELSTRIGO?
DELSTRIGO can cause serious side effects, including:
Worsening of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV). If you have Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) and HBV infection, your HBV infection may get worse (flare-up) if you stop taking DELSTRIGO. A “flare-up” is when your HBV infection suddenly returns in a worse way than before. Your doctor will test you for HBV infection before you start treatment with DELSTRIGO.
For more information about side effects, see “What are the possible side effects of DELSTRIGO?”
What is DELSTRIGO?
DELSTRIGO is a prescription medicine that is used without other HIV-1 medicines to treat HIV-1 infection in adults:
HIV-1 is the virus that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). DELSTRIGO contains the prescription medicines doravirine, lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. It is not known if DELSTRIGO is safe and effective in children under 18 years of age.
Who should not take DELSTRIGO?
Do not take DELSTRIGO if you take any of the following medicines:
Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure if your medicine is one that is listed above. If you have taken any of the medicines in the past 4 weeks, talk to your doctor or pharmacist before starting treatment with DELSTRIGO.
Do not take DELSTRIGO if you have ever had an allergic reaction to lamivudine.
What should I tell my doctor before treatment with DELSTRIGO?
Before treatment with DELSTRIGO, tell your doctor about all of your medical conditions, including if you:
Pregnancy Registry: There is a pregnancy registry for people who take DELSTRIGO during pregnancy. The purpose of this registry is to collect information about the health of you and your baby. Talk to your doctor about how you can take part in this registry.
Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
How should I take DELSTRIGO?
What are the possible side effects of DELSTRIGO?
DELSTRIGO may cause serious side effects, including:
Tell your doctor if you have any of the following symptoms during treatment with DELSTRIGO: bone pain that does not go away or worsening bone pain, pain in your arms, legs, hands or feet, broken (fractured) bones or muscle pain or weakness. These may be symptoms of a bone or kidney problem.
The most common side effects of DELSTRIGO include dizziness, nausea, and abnormal dreams.
These are not all the possible side effects of DELSTRIGO.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
How should I store DELSTRIGO?
Keep DELSTRIGO and all medicines out of the reach of children.
General information about the safe and effective use of DELSTRIGO.
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in the Patient Information leaflet. Do not use DELSTRIGO for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give DELSTRIGO to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. You can ask your pharmacist or doctor for information about DELSTRIGO that is written for healthcare professionals.
What are the ingredients in DELSTRIGO?
Active ingredients: doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.
Inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose acetate succinate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and sodium stearyl fumarate. The tablet film coating contains hypromellose, iron oxide yellow, lactose monohydrate, titanium dioxide, and triacetin. The coated tablets are polished with carnauba wax.
This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
